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Home , Chafarinas Islands, Gough Island, Island syndrome, Shiant Islands

10.1071/WR15047_AC © CSIRO 2015 Wildlife Research 42 , 185–195

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Assessment of invasive rodent impacts on island avifauna: methods, limitations and the way forward Lise Ruffino A,D , Diane Zarzoso-Lacoste B and Eric Vidal C

ASection of , Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.

BUMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.

CInstitut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR AMU/CNRS/IRD/UAPV, Centre IRD de Nouméa, BPA5, 98848 Nouméa cedex, .

DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Table S1. List of studies reviewed in Ruffino et al . 2015

Methods. Direct: direct observations of -rodent interactions at bird nests and collection of clear evidence of rodent-inflicted injuries; FieldSign: observations of chick and egg remains in bird nests or emptied nests; Hoard: analyses of prey remains found in rodent food hoards; Diet: analyses of rodent diets and trophic analyses; ExpMan: experimental manipulations of rodent populations; ArtifNest: artificial nest studies; Behav: behavioural tests of predatory capacities; Distri: comparative analyses of bird and rodent distribution patterns; AbDens: correlative analyses of bird species diversity or population abundance along a gradient of rodent population abundances; HabUse: comparative studies of nesting habitat features or habitat use by and rondents; Fossil: comparison of timings of rodent invasions and bird extinctions assessed via cave deposits; Model: theoretical modelling of bird population dynamics and predation rates; Meta: meta-analyses; Review: qualitative literature reviews. Rodents: Rr: Rattus rattus ; Rn: Rattus norvegicus ; Re: Rattus exulans ; Mm: Mus musculus

Study ID Island and group of islands Country Region Rodent sp. Prey type Methods

Amaral2010 Feno Islet, Islands Northern Rr ExpMan Amareskare1993 Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr/Mm Landbirds FieldSign, ArtifNest, Direct Anderson1989 of California USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign Angel2009 Southern Ocean islands Worldwide Southern Pacific/Atlantic Mm Seabirds Review Oceans Atkinson1977 Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds/seabirds Review Atkinson1985 Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Rn/Rr/Re Seabirds Review Atkinson2001 New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Landbirds Review Austin1948 Tern Island USA Northern Atlantic Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign Baccetti2009 Italian islands Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds Distri Banks2012 Australian islands NA Rr Landbirds/seabirds Review Behrouzi-Rad2010 Nakhiloo Island Iran Persian Gulf Rr Geese, ducks & herons FieldSign Berry1970 Skokholm Island UK Northern Sea Mm Birds Review Berry2008 Rota Island, Micronesia Micronesia Northern Pacific Ocean Rattus sp. Landbirds FieldSign, Direct Bertam1995 Langara Island Canada Northern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign Bettesworth1972 Red Mercury Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds Diet Bolton2014 Falklands Islands UK Southern Pacific Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Distri Bonnaud2010 Port-Cros Island, Hyères Islands France Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan, Direct Booth1996 Lady Alice Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds FieldSign Boulton2008 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Landbirds AbDens Bourgeois2013 Zembretta & Zembrettina Islands Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds ExpMan Bowker1965 Griffiths Island Australia Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds Direct Bried1999 Possession Island, France Southern Atlantic Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Brooke1995 UK Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Brooke2010 Henderson Island UK Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds FieldSign, Diet, Model Brown1998 Pitcairn Islands UK Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign, Direct Burns2013 St Helena Island UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Rn/Rr Waders FieldSign, Direct Campbell1984 Marion Island, Prince Edward's Islands South Southern Indian Ocean Re Landbirds/seabirds Behav Campbell1991 Antillean islands USA Caribbean Sea Rr Landbirds AbDens Cassaing2007 Hyères & Marseilles Islands France Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds Diet Catry2007 New Island, UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan, Diet Caut2008 Surprise Island New Caledonia Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, Direct, Diet Caut2009 Surprise Island New Caledonia Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan, Diet Clout1980 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds Diet Copson1986 Macquarie Island Australia Southern Pacific Ocean Rr/Mm Birds Diet Courchamp1999 NA NA NA Rattus sp. Birds Model Courchamp2003 Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Re/Rn/Rr Birds Review Cruz1987 Galapagos Islands Equator Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Cuthbert2004 , Islands UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Cuthbert2013a Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha Islands UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Cuthbert2013b Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha Islands UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign Daniel1973 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds Diet DeLeon2006 Orkney & Shetland Islands UK Northern Atlantic Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign, Distri Delgado2005 Island, Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr Landbirds ArtifNest Drever1998 Langara Island Canada Northern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds Diet Drummond1960 Norderoog & Scharhoern Islands Germany Northern Sea Rn Geese, ducks & herons Diet Etezadifar2010 Qeshm, Hara Biosphere Reserve Iran Persian Gulf Rr Geese, ducks & herons FieldSign Ewins1985 Orkney & Shetland Islands UK Northern Atlantic Ocean Rn Seabirds Distri Fall1971 Eniwetok Atoll, Ralik Chain Marshall Islands Northern Pacific Ocean Re/Rr Birds Direct, Diet, Behav Fleet1972 Kure Atoll, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Fukami2006 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn/Rr Seabirds Distri Gales1982 Stewart Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Gaze2000 Titi Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Grant1981 Sand Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rattus sp. Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Grayson2001 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Birds Review Harper2007 Taukihepa Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan, Diet Heath2008 San Clemente Island, USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign, ExpMan Channel Islands of California

Hervias2013 , Azores Islands Portugal Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr Seabirds Model Hervias2014 Corvo Island, Azores Islands Portugal Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr/Mm Seabirds Direct, Diet Hilton2010 UK overseas UK Worldwide Rattus sp /Mm Waders/landbirds/seabirds Review Holdaway2002a Stewart Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Landbirds Fossil Holdaway2002b New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Landbirds Fossil Holdaway2003 Stewart Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re/Rr Seabirds Fossil Hunt2007 Easter Island Chile Southern Pacific Ocean Re Birds Fossil Huyser2000 Marion Island, Prince Edward's Islands South Africa Southern Indian Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Distri Igual2006 Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan, AbDens Igual2009 Chafarinas Islands Morocco Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds Model Imber2000 Marion Island, Prince Edward's Islands South Africa Southern Indian Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Imber2003 Codfish Island & Little Barrier Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Innes1979 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Innes1999 Codfish Island & Little Barrier Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign, ExpMan Innes2001 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Landbirds Review Innes2004 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds ExpMan, Direct Jones2003 Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha Island UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Diet, Behav

Jones2006 Anacapa Island, Channel Islands of USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds ExpMan, ArtifNest California Jones2008 Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Rn/Rr/Re Seabirds Meta Jones2010a Offshore islands in Cook Strait New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn/Re Seabirds ExpMan, Distri Jones2010b Marion Island, Prince Edward's Islands South Africa Southern Indian Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Jouventin2003 Possession Island, Crozet Islands France Southern Indian Ocean Rn/Re Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan, AbDens Kepler1967 Kure Atoll, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds Direct Key1996 Galapagos Islands Equator Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Kurle2008 Aleutian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds Distri, Diet Lane1962 Lion Island Australia Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign Latorre2013 Sa Dragonera Island, Spain Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds ArtifNest, Behav Lavers2010 Worldwide worldwide worldwide Rn/Rr/Re Seabirds Meta Lee2002 Sasudo Island, Chujado islands Japan Northern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign Lorvelec2004 Fajou islands (including overseas France Worldwide Rr Landbirds ExpMan ) Lorvelec2005 French islands France Worldwide Rr/Rn Landbirds/seabirds ExpMan, FieldSign Maclennan2000 Shiant Islands UK Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr Birds Diet Major2005 Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign, Cach Major2006 Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign, Distri Major2007 Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds Diet Martin2000 Mediterranean islands Mediterranean Sea Rr Landbirds/seabirds Distri Masuda2013 Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Landbirds FieldSign, ExpMan Matsui2010 Minami-Dait ō Island, Dait ō islands Japan Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds HabUse Matsui2012 Minami-Dait ō Island, Dait ō islands Japan Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign McCallum1986 Lizard Island, Mokohinau Islands New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds ExpMan McDonald1997 and Eilean an Tighe, UK Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, Diet Shiant Islands McQueen2008 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Moller1983 Danish islands Danemark Northern Sea Rn Seabirds FieldSign Moors1985 Noises and Motukawao Islands New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds Diet Mulder2009 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn/Rr/Mm Seabirds Distri Newman1990 Lady Alice Island, Hen and Chickens UK Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds Direct, Diet Islands Nichols2005 Island, Mascarene Islands Mauritius Tropical Indian Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign Nogales2006 Canary Islands Spain Northern Atlantic Ocean Rn/Rr Landbirds Review Norman1970 Big Green Island, Tasmania Australia Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Geese, ducks & herons/ Diet, Behav seabirds/landbirds ODonnell2012 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds ExpMan Ortiz-Catedral2009 Raoul Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn/Re Landbirds FieldSign, ExpMan Pascal2004 St. Anne Island, France Caribbean Sea Rn Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Pascal2008 Lavezzu Island, Lavezzi Islands, Corsica France Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Penloup1997 Lavezzu Island, Porraggia, Perduto France Mediterranean Sea Rr Landbirds FieldSign, Distri, ArtifNest, Direct Pisanu2011 Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands France Southern Indian Ocean Rr Seabirds Diet Powlesland2003 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign, ExpMan, FieldSign Prieto2003 Chafarinas Islands Morocco Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan, ArtifNest Probst2000 La Réunion Island, Mascarene Islands France Tropical Indian Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign Pye1980 Island UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Rn Geese, ducks & herons/ Direct, Diet, Hoard landbirds/seabirds Quillfeldt2008 New Island, Falkland Islands UK Southern Atlantic Ocean Rr/Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Diet, HabUse Rando2007 Fuerteventura Island, Canary Islands Spain Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr/Mm Seabirds Fossil Rannisi2008 Island, Sicily Italy Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds FieldSign Rayner2007 Little Barrier Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Robinet1998 Ouvea & Lifou Islands New Caledonia Southern Pacific Ocean Re/Rr Landbirds ExpMan, ArtifNest, Diet Rodriguez2013 Farallon de San Ignacio Island Mexico Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds Diet & San Pedro Martir Island

Ruffino2008 Port-Cros Island, Hyères Island France Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Ruffino2009 Western Mediterranean islands France, Italy, Spain, Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds Distri Morocco, Malta Russell2009a Goat Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Russell2009b NA NA NA Rr Seabirds Model Russell2009c Eparses Islands France Tropical Indian Ocean Rr Seabirds Review Russell2011 and , France Tropical Indian Ocean Rr Seabirds Diet Eparses Islands Schulz2005 Macquarie Island Australia Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign Sealy1976 Langara Island, Queen Charlotte islands Canada Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign

Seto1996 Midway Atoll, northwestern Hawaiian USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Islands

Shiels2013 Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Re/Rr Landbirds Diet Shiels2014 Pacific islands NA Pacific Ocean Rr landbirds/seabirds Review Smith2002 Marion Island, Prince Edward's Islands South Africa Southern Indian Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Diet Smith2006 Mokolii Island, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Stapp2002 Garbh Eilean Island & Eilean an Tighe UK Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr Seabirds Diet Island, Shiant Islands Steadman1999 New Ireland Island Papua Southern Pacific Ocean Re Birds Fossil Steffens2012 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds Direct Sugihara1997 Maui Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Re/Rr Birds Diet Sweetapple2007 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Tabak2014 Falklands Islands UK Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Landbirds Distri Taylor1979 Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn/Re Seabirds FieldSign Taylor1993 Breaksea Island New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn Birds ExpMan, Diet Thibault1995 Lavezzu Island, Lavezzi Islands, Corsica France Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Thibault2002 Polynesian islands Southern Pacific Ocean Re Landbirds FieldSign, Distri, ArtifNest, Direct

Tiebot2014 Amsterdam Island France Southern Indian Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, Direct Tjorve2008 Robben Island South Africa Southern Atlantic Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign Tobin1994 Hilo Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Towns2006 New Zealand New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Rn/Rr/Re Landbirds/seabirds Review Towns2009 Big South Cape Island, Rerewhakaupopo New Zealand Southern Pacific Ocean Re/Rr Landbirds/seabirds ExpMan, Distri Island & Pukeweka Island and Salomon islands Traveset2009 Balearic and Canary Islands Spain Mediterranean, Eastern Rr Seabirds Review Atlantic Tweed2006 Kauaii Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds FieldSign Vanderwerf2001 Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds ExpMan, ArtifNest, Direct Vanderwerf2007 Lehua Islet, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Re Seabirds FieldSign Vanderwerf2012 Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Landbirds ExpMan Wanless2007 Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha Islands South Africa Southern Atlantic Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Direct

Wanless2012 Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha Islands South Africa Southern Atlantic Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, Direct

Whitworth2005 Anacapa Island, USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Channel Islands of California

Villa1979 in Channel Islands of California USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rn Seabirds FieldSign Anderson1989 Watts1978 Australia Australia Southern Pacific Ocean Rr Birds Diet Wirtz1972 Kure Atoll, Hawaiian Islands USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, Diet Witmer2006 Buck Island, U.S. USA Caribbean Sea Rr Seabirds Diet Whitworth2013 Anacapa Island, USA Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Channel Islands of California

Yabe2009 Ogasawara Islands Japan Northern Pacific Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, Diet Zarzoso- Bagaud Island, Hyeres Islands France Mediterranean Sea Rr Seabirds Direct Lacoste2011 Zarzoso- Niau Atoll, Tuamotu Islands French Polynesia Southern Pacific Ocean Re/Rr Seabirds Diet Lacoste2013

Zino2001 Islands Portugal Northern Atlantic Ocean Rr Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Zino2008 Selvagem Grande Island, Madeira Portugal Northern Atlantic Ocean Mm Seabirds FieldSign, ExpMan Islands

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