Introduction to Reliability Engineering
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An Architect's Guide to Site Reliability Engineering Nathaniel T
An Architect's Guide to Site Reliability Engineering Nathaniel T. Schutta @ntschutta ntschutta.io https://content.pivotal.io/ ebooks/thinking-architecturally Sofware development practices evolve. Feature not a bug. It is the agile thing to do! We’ve gone from devs and ops separated by a large wall… To DevOps all the things. We’ve gone from monoliths to service oriented to microserivces. And it isn’t all puppies and rainbows. Shoot. A new role is emerging - the site reliability engineer. Why? What does that mean to our teams? What principles and practices should we adopt? How do we work together? What is SRE? Important to understand the history. Not a new concept but a catchy name! Arguably goes back to the Apollo program. Margaret Hamilton. Crashed a simulator by inadvertently running a prelaunch program. That wipes out the navigation data. Recalculating… Hamilton wanted to add error-checking code to the Apollo system that would prevent this from messing up the systems. But that seemed excessive to her higher- ups. “Everyone said, ‘That would never happen,’” Hamilton remembers. But it did. Right around Christmas 1968. — ROBERT MCMILLAN https://www.wired.com/2015/10/margaret-hamilton-nasa-apollo/ Luckily she did manage to update the documentation. Allowed them to recover the data. Doubt that would have turned into a Hollywood blockbuster… Hope is not a strategy. But it is what rebellions are built on. Failures, uh find a way. Traditionally, systems were run by sys admins. AKA Prod Ops. Or something similar. And that worked OK. For a while. But look around your world today. -
Chapter 6 Structural Reliability
MIL-HDBK-17-3E, Working Draft CHAPTER 6 STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY Page 6.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 2 6.2 FACTORS AFFECTING STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY............................................................. 2 6.2.1 Static strength.................................................................................................................... 2 6.2.2 Environmental effects ........................................................................................................ 3 6.2.3 Fatigue............................................................................................................................... 3 6.2.4 Damage tolerance ............................................................................................................. 4 6.3 RELIABILITY ENGINEERING ................................................................................................... 4 6.4 RELIABILITY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................. 5 6.5 RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN............................................................................. 6 6.5.1 Background........................................................................................................................ 6 6.5.2 Deterministic vs. Probabilistic Design Approach ............................................................... 7 6.5.3 Probabilistic Design Methodology..................................................................................... -
Metallurgical Engineering
ENSURING THE EXPERTISE TO GROW SOUTH AFRICA Discipline-specific Training Guideline for Candidate Engineers in Metallurgical Engineering R-05-MET-PE Revision No.: 2: 25 July 2019 ENGINEERING COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA Tel: 011 6079500 | Fax: 011 6229295 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.ecsa.co.za ENSURING THE Document No.: Effective Date: Revision No.: 2 R-05-MET-PE 25/07/2019 Subject: Discipline-specific Training Guideline for Candidate Engineers in Metallurgical Engineering Compiler: Approving Officer: Next Review Date: Page 2 of 46 MB Mtshali EL Nxumalo 25/07/2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................ 3 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 5 1. PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT ......................................................................................... 5 2. AUDIENCE............................................................................................................................. 6 3. PERSONS NOT REGISTERED AS CANDIDATES OR NOT BEING TRAINED UNDER COMMITMENT AND UNDERTAKING (C&U) ..................................................... 7 4. ORGANISING FRAMEWORK FOR OCCUPATIONS ............................................................. 7 4.1 Extractive Metallurgical Engineering ..................................................................................... 8 4.2 Mineral Processing Engineering .......................................................................................... -
Control in Robotics
Control in Robotics Mark W. Spong and Masayuki Fujita Introduction The interplay between robotics and control theory has a rich history extending back over half a century. We begin this section of the report by briefly reviewing the history of this interplay, focusing on fundamentals—how control theory has enabled solutions to fundamental problems in robotics and how problems in robotics have motivated the development of new control theory. We focus primarily on the early years, as the importance of new results often takes considerable time to be fully appreciated and to have an impact on practical applications. Progress in robotics has been especially rapid in the last decade or two, and the future continues to look bright. Robotics was dominated early on by the machine tool industry. As such, the early philosophy in the design of robots was to design mechanisms to be as stiff as possible with each axis (joint) controlled independently as a single-input/single-output (SISO) linear system. Point-to-point control enabled simple tasks such as materials transfer and spot welding. Continuous-path tracking enabled more complex tasks such as arc welding and spray painting. Sensing of the external environment was limited or nonexistent. Consideration of more advanced tasks such as assembly required regulation of contact forces and moments. Higher speed operation and higher payload-to-weight ratios required an increased understanding of the complex, interconnected nonlinear dynamics of robots. This requirement motivated the development of new theoretical results in nonlinear, robust, and adaptive control, which in turn enabled more sophisticated applications. Today, robot control systems are highly advanced with integrated force and vision systems. -
Technical Report 05-73 the Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University
Engineering Control Approaches for the Design and Analysis of Adaptive, Time-Varying Interventions Daniel E. Rivera and Michael D. Pew Control Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-6006 Linda M. Collins The Methodology Center and Department of Human Development and Family Studies Penn State University State College, PA Susan A. Murphy Institute for Social Research and Department of Statistics University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI May 30, 2005 Technical Report 05-73 The Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University 1 Abstract Control engineering is the field that examines how to transform dynamical system behavior from undesirable conditions to desirable ones. Cruise control in automobiles, the home thermostat, and the insulin pump are all examples of control engineering at work. In the last few decades, signifi- cant improvements in computing and information technology, increasing access to information, and novel methods for sensing and actuation have enabled the extensive application of control engi- neering concepts to physical systems. While engineering control principles are meaningful as well to problems in the behavioral sciences, the application of this topic to this field remains largely unexplored. This technical report examines how engineering control principles can play a role in the be- havioral sciences through the analysis and design of adaptive, time-varying interventions in the prevention field. The basic conceptual framework for this work draws from the paper by Collins et al. (2004). In the initial portion of the report, a general overview of control engineering principles is presented and illustrated with a simple physical example. From this description, a qualitative description of adaptive time-varying interventions as a form of classical feedback control is devel- oped, which is depicted in the form of a block diagram (i.e., a control-oriented signal and systems representation). -
Training-Sre.Pdf
C om p lim e nt s of Training Site Reliability Engineers What Your Organization Needs to Create a Learning Program Jennifer Petoff, JC van Winkel & Preston Yoshioka with Jessie Yang, Jesus Climent Collado & Myk Taylor REPORT Want to know more about SRE? To learn more, visit google.com/sre Training Site Reliability Engineers What Your Organization Needs to Create a Learning Program Jennifer Petoff, JC van Winkel, and Preston Yoshioka, with Jessie Yang, Jesus Climent Collado, and Myk Taylor Beijing Boston Farnham Sebastopol Tokyo Training Site Reliability Engineers by Jennifer Petoff, JC van Winkel, and Preston Yoshioka, with Jessie Yang, Jesus Climent Collado, and Myk Taylor Copyright © 2020 O’Reilly Media. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://oreilly.com). For more infor‐ mation, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or [email protected]. Acquistions Editor: John Devins Proofreader: Charles Roumeliotis Development Editor: Virginia Wilson Interior Designer: David Futato Production Editor: Beth Kelly Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Copyeditor: Octal Publishing, Inc. Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest November 2019: First Edition Revision History for the First Edition 2019-11-15: First Release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781492076001 for release details. The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Training Site Reli‐ ability Engineers, the cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. -
Mechanical Design Engineer
Mechanical Design Engineer Department: Engineering Reports to: Engineering Manager Location: Union City, CA; Port Orchard, WA or El Paso, TX Experience: 4 to 6 years, preferably in Mechanical Engineering Job Type: Full Time (exempt) Education: B.S. degree in engineering Travel: Up to 10% About Us Tournesol Siteworks is a national manufacturer of landscape products for green buildings based in the San Francisco Bay Area. We’re a growing company, with manufacturing facilities in California, Washington and Texas, working on environmentally-conscious commercial construction projects across the U.S and Canada. We’re a tight-knit group looking for a real team player. About the Team The Engineering Team is currently seeking a Mechanical Design Engineer to work at one of our manufacturing locations. The Engineering team is composed of members with varied but complimentary experience, qualifications, and skills and is responsible for the design, engineering, analysis, and documentation of products, systems, structures, materials, and projects, small and simple to large and complex that fulfill objectives and requirements. About the Role As a Mechanical Design Engineer, you’ll work under the direction of the Engineering Manager on custom projects and standard products reviewing criteria, identifying and analyzing solutions, applying and transferring information, choosing best solutions, and making decisions that directly impact and contribute to final designs. You’ll be based in one of our manufacturing locations (Union City, CA; El Paso, TX; Port Orchard, WA) and you’ll be required to travel occasionally to our other facilities. You’ll have a direct hand in accomplishing our #1 goal – a successful project in every way. -
Reliability: Software Software Vs
Reliability Theory SENG 521 Re lia bility th eory d evel oped apart f rom th e mainstream of probability and statistics, and Software Reliability & was usedid primar ily as a tool to h hlelp Software Quality nineteenth century maritime and life iifiblinsurance companies compute profitable rates Chapter 5: Overview of Software to charge their customers. Even today, the Reliability Engineering terms “failure rate” and “hazard rate” are often used interchangeably. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Calgary Probability of survival of merchandize after B.H. Far ([email protected]) 1 http://www. enel.ucalgary . ca/People/far/Lectures/SENG521/ ooene MTTF is R e 0.37 From Engineering Statistics Handbook [email protected] 1 [email protected] 2 Reliability: Natural System Reliability: Hardware Natural system Hardware life life cycle. cycle. Aging effect: Useful life span Life span of a of a hardware natural system is system is limited limited by the by the age (wear maximum out) of the system. reproduction rate of the cells. Figure from Pressman’s book Figure from Pressman’s book [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 Reliability: Software Software vs. Hardware So ftware life cyc le. Software reliability doesn’t decrease with Software systems time, i.e., software doesn’t wear out. are changed (updated) many Hardware faults are mostly physical faults, times during their e. g., fatigue. life cycle. Each update adds to Software faults are mostly design faults the structural which are harder to measure, model, detect deterioration of the and correct. software system. Figure from Pressman’s book [email protected] 5 [email protected] 6 Software vs. -
Research Participants' Rights to Data Protection in the Era of Open Science
DePaul Law Review Volume 69 Issue 2 Winter 2019 Article 16 Research Participants’ Rights To Data Protection In The Era Of Open Science Tara Sklar Mabel Crescioni Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Tara Sklar & Mabel Crescioni, Research Participants’ Rights To Data Protection In The Era Of Open Science, 69 DePaul L. Rev. (2020) Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review/vol69/iss2/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Law at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Law Review by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\jciprod01\productn\D\DPL\69-2\DPL214.txt unknown Seq: 1 21-APR-20 12:15 RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS’ RIGHTS TO DATA PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF OPEN SCIENCE Tara Sklar and Mabel Crescioni* CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................. 700 R I. REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE AND WEARABLES IN CLINICAL TRIALS ....................................... 703 R II. DATA PROTECTION RIGHTS ............................. 708 R A. General Data Protection Regulation ................. 709 R B. California Consumer Privacy Act ................... 710 R C. GDPR and CCPA Influence on State Data Privacy Laws ................................................ 712 R III. RESEARCH EXEMPTION AND RELATED SAFEGUARDS ... 714 R IV. RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS’ DATA AND OPEN SCIENCE . 716 R CONCLUSION ................................................... 718 R Clinical trials are increasingly using sensors embedded in wearable de- vices due to their capabilities to generate real-world data. These devices are able to continuously monitor, record, and store physiological met- rics in response to a given therapy, which is contributing to a redesign of clinical trials around the world. -
Overview of Reliability Engineering
Overview of reliability engineering Eric Marsden <[email protected]> Context ▷ I have a fleet of airline engines and want to anticipate when they mayfail ▷ I am purchasing pumps for my refinery and want to understand the MTBF, lambda etc. provided by the manufacturers ▷ I want to compare different system designs to determine the impact of architecture on availability 2 / 32 Reliability engineering ▷ Reliability engineering is the discipline of ensuring that a system will function as required over a specified time period when operated and maintained in a specified manner. ▷ Reliability engineers address 3 basic questions: • When does something fail? • Why does it fail? • How can the likelihood of failure be reduced? 3 / 32 The termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function. [IEV Failure Failure 191-04-01] ▷ A failure is always related to a required function. The function is often specified together with a performance requirement (eg. “must handleup to 3 tonnes per minute”, “must respond within 0.1 seconds”). ▷ A failure occurs when the function cannot be performed or has a performance that falls outside the performance requirement. 4 / 32 The state of an item characterized by inability to perform a required function Fault Fault [IEV 191-05-01] ▷ While a failure is an event that occurs at a specific point in time, a fault is a state that will last for a shorter or longer period. ▷ When a failure occurs, the item enters the failed state. A failure may occur: • while running • while in standby • due to demand 5 / 32 Discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and Error Error the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition. -
Lochner</I> in Cyberspace: the New Economic Orthodoxy Of
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 1998 Lochner in Cyberspace: The New Economic Orthodoxy of "Rights Management" Julie E. Cohen Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/811 97 Mich. L. Rev. 462-563 (1998) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, and the Law and Economics Commons LOCHNER IN CYBERSPACE: THE NEW ECONOMIC ORTHODOXY OF "RIGHTS MANAGEMENT" JULIE E. COHEN * Originally published 97 Mich. L. Rev. 462 (1998). TABLE OF CONTENTS I. THE CONVERGENCE OF ECONOMIC IMPERATIVES AND NATURAL RIGHTS..........6 II. THE NEW CONCEPTUALISM.....................................................18 A. Constructing Consent ......................................................18 B. Manufacturing Scarcity.....................................................32 1. Transaction Costs and Common Resources................................33 2. Incentives and Redistribution..........................................40 III. ON MODELING INFORMATION MARKETS........................................50 A. Bargaining Power and Choice in Information Markets.............................52 1. Contested Exchange and the Power to Switch.............................52 2. Collective Action, "Rent-Seeking," and Public Choice.......................67 -
Understanding Functional Safety FIT Base Failure Rate Estimates Per IEC 62380 and SN 29500
www.ti.com Technical White Paper Understanding Functional Safety FIT Base Failure Rate Estimates per IEC 62380 and SN 29500 Bharat Rajaram, Senior Member, Technical Staff, and Director, Functional Safety, C2000™ Microcontrollers, Texas Instruments ABSTRACT Functional safety standards like International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 615081 and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 262622 require that semiconductor device manufacturers address both systematic and random hardware failures. Systematic failures are managed and mitigated by following rigorous development processes. Random hardware failures must adhere to specified quantitative metrics to meet hardware safety integrity levels (SILs) or automotive SILs (ASILs). Consequently, systematic failures are excluded from the calculation of random hardware failure metrics. Table of Contents 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................2 2 Types of Faults and Quantitative Random Hardware Failure Metrics .............................................................................. 2 3 Random Failures Over a Product Lifetime and Estimation of BFR ...................................................................................3 4 BFR Estimation Techniques ................................................................................................................................................. 4 5 Siemens SN 29500 FIT model