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KIM RIBEIRO BARÃO Morfologia Comparada, Descrição De Novos KIM RIBEIRO BARÃO Morfologia comparada, descrição de novos táxons e filogenia de um gênero de Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Animal. Área de Concentração: Biologia Comparada Orientador: Dra Jocelia Grazia Co-Orientador: Dr. Augusto Ferrari UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PORTO ALEGRE 2015 Morfologia comparada, descrição de novos táxons e filogenia de um gênero de Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) KIM RIBEIRO BARÃO Aprovada em ___ de ___________ de ____. Dra. Andressa Paladini Dr. Cristiano Feldens Schwertner Dr. Luiz Alexandre Campos AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela bolsa de Doutorado e a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) pela bolsa de Doutorado Sanduiche (PDSE) disponibilizada via cota ao PPG Biologia Animal. Aos professores, colegas e funcionários do PPG Biologia Animal, que ajudaram de diferentes formas ao desenvolvimento deste trabalho e ao meu desenvolvimento pessoal. Aos curadores das coleções entomológicas que me enviaram espécimes ou que me receberam em suas instituições, em especial a David Rider (NDSU), Norman Penny (CAS), Toby Schuh e Ruth Salas (AMNH) e Tom Henry (USNM). Ao Prof. David Rider, que me permitiu livre acesso a sua coleção e disponibilizou uma quase infindável quantidade de literatura, que viabilizaram esta tese, e à parceria iniciada durante o meu Doutorado Sanduíche. Ao Petr Kment (National Museum, República Tcheca), que também muito contribuiu com literatura. A Christiane Bramer (Biozentrum Grindel and Zoologisches Museum, Alemanha) e ao Gerasimos Cassis (University of New South Wales, Austrália) pelo envio de espécimes com qualidade para análises moleculares. Ao Prof. Gilson Moreria (UFRGS) e aos colegas e ex-colegas do Laboratório de Morfologia e Comportamento de Insetos: Bruna Ramos, Carolina Millán, Danessa Boligon, Darli Massardo, Denis Silva, Rosângela Brito, Sabrina Thiele e Verônica Alves. Ao Prof. Leandro Duarte (UFRGS) e aos colegas e ex-colegas do Laboratório de Ecologia Filogenética e Funcional: Elisa Salengue, Fernanda Brum, Guilherme Seger, Helena Streit, Larissa Gnçalves, Laura Cappelatti, Marcos Carlucci, Paula Fagundes e Vanderlei Debastiani. À Profa. Christiane Weirauch por receber um “alien” no seu laboratório. Pelos inúmeros ensinamentos e discussões, e pela oportunidade de trabalhar em um universo tão heterogêneo. Muitos dos meus conceitos mudaram com essa experiência. Aos colegas do Weirauch’s Lab (University of California Riverside – UCR, Estados Unidos): Aleksandr Knyshov, Amy Michael, Eric Gordon, Junxia Zhang, Kaleigh Russell, Michael Forthman, Paul Masonick, Rochelle Hoey-Chamberlain, Sarah Frankenberg e Stephanie Leon. Ao Prof. John Heraty (UCR) e aos colegas do Heraty’s Lab: Austin Baker, Elizabeth Murray, Jason Mottern, John Hash, Judith Herreid e Ryan Perry. Aos colegas do Rider’s Lab (NDSU): Eduardo Faúndez e Máriom Carvajal. Aos Profs. Paula Araújo e Luiz Campos que tiveram papel decisivo em algumas decisões tomadas ao longo do meu doutorado. Obrigado por terem ouvido minhas angústias e pelos conselhos. Aos Profs. Jocelia Grazia e Luiz Campos e colegas e ex-colegas do Laboratório de Entomologia Sistemática (UFRGS): Brenda Fürstenau, Bruno Barros, Camila Hoffmeister, Carolina Adami, Caroline Greve, Felipe Simões, Filipe Bianchi, Gabriela Monteiro, Gisele Jardim, Kayan Mostardeiro, Luciana Weiler, Marcus Guidoti, Mathias Barth, Priscila Silva, Renato Teixeira, Talita Roell, Thereza Garbelotto, Victor Carabajal e Viviana Matesco. Em especial à Luciana e à Viviana, pelas conversas, suporte mútuo e descontração, e à Thereza pelo companheirismo e parceria fortalecidos durante o doutorado sanduíche. À Profa Jocelia Grazia, que me adotou e desde o início me incentivou a traçar meu próprio caminho, me dando liberdade e apoio para tomar decisões. Obrigado pelos ensinamentos e oportunidades de crescimento pessoal. Ao Prof. Augusto Ferrari, pelas parcerias inesgotáveis na academia e fora dela. Aos PETianos, que são mais do que amigos: Adriana Jeckel, Anelisie Santos, Camila Jaeger, Daniel Kieling, Felipe Franco, Jonas Cavalli, Karen Limberger, Lauren Bertholdo, Lilian Schmitt, Natália Migon, Paula Dockhorn, Pedro Silva. Aos grandes amigos, Augusto Ferrari, Ben Hur Mussulini, David Freitas, Diego Madia, Filipe Bianchi, Rafael Czepielewski, Renato Teixeira, Tamara Esteves, Thiago Gomes. Aos meus pais, Gustavo e Marcia, e à minha irmã, Giulia, pelos incentivos, suporte e constante compreensão ao longo desses dez anos da minha formação acadêmica. À Mariana, pelo companheirismo e ombro acolhedor na reta final. Aos meus familiares, que me apoiaram mesmo que ausente em diversos momentos importantes de nossas vidas. A todos, meu muito obrigado! SUMÁRIO RESUMO .................................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL......................................................................................................... 9 Estrutura da tese ................................................................................................................... 13 Referências ........................................................................................................................... 14 CAPÍTULO I – Phylogeny of the South Asian Halyini? Comments on Memon et al. (2011) towards a better practice in Pentatomidae phylogenetic analysis ............................................ 19 CAPÍTULO II – Comparative morphology of selected characters of the Pentatomidae foreleg (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) ............................................................................................. 25 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 25 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 26 2. Material and methods ....................................................................................................... 28 3. Results .............................................................................................................................. 30 4. Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 35 References ............................................................................................................................ 41 CAPÍTULO III – Contributions to the knowledge of Dichelops Spinola: description of a new species of Dichelops (Diceraeus) and of the male of Dichelops (Prodichelops) divisus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Carpocorini) ....................................................... 52 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 52 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 53 Material and methods ........................................................................................................... 54 Results .................................................................................................................................. 54 Key to the subgenera of Dichelops (modified from Grazia, 1978) .................................. 54 Dichelops (Diceraeus) Dallas, 1851 ................................................................................. 55 Key to the species of subgenus Diceraeus (modified from Grazia, 1978) ....................... 56 Dichelops (Diceraeus) caatinguensis Grazia & Poock-da-Silva sp. nov. ........................ 57 Dichelops (Prodichelops) Grazia, 1978 ........................................................................... 61 Dichelops (Prodichelops) divisus (Walker, 1867) ............................................................... 61 Literature cited ..................................................................................................................... 63 CAPÍTULO IV – Phylogeny of Dichelops (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) .............................. 69 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 69 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 70 Material and methods ........................................................................................................... 71 Results .................................................................................................................................. 76 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 87 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 93 References ............................................................................................................................ 94 CONCLUSÕES .................................................................................................................... 112 APÊNDICE
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