DOCSLIB.ORG

Sanitation Service Delivery in Smaller Urban Areas (Mzuzu and Karonga, Malawi)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sanitation Service Delivery in Smaller Urban Areas (Mzuzu and Karonga, Malawi) EAU0010.1177/0956247818766495Environment & UrbanizationShort Title 766495research-article2018 Sanitation service delivery in smaller urban areas (Mzuzu and Karonga, Malawi) ROCHELLE H HOLM, ALINAFE KAMANGIRA, MavuTO TEMBO, VICTOR KASULO, HASTINGS KANDAYA, PETER GIJS VAN ENK AND ALEX VELZEBOER Rochelle H Holm is the ABSTRACT This paper assesses the provision of sanitation services in two Manager of the Centre of urban areas in northern Malawi, both with populations under 150,000, to Excellence in Water and determine the potential for private sector enterprises to contribute to longer- Sanitation with Mzuzu University, Malawi. The term self-reliance as part of the overall sanitation situation. The paper shows primary objective of the that most households in the two study areas use pit latrines and remain Centre is to improve the unserved with regard to both faecal sludge management and solid waste effectiveness of sanitation, removal. Local governments have been unable to offer adequate coverage of hygiene practices, and sanitation services, and community-based organizations are doing very little water supply interventions that is relevant to the issue. This gap offers a viable business opportunity for serving Malawi and surrounding countries. private sanitation service providers. Of these two urban areas, Karonga Town has no formal private sector services, but Mzuzu City has pit emptying and solid Address: P/Bag 201, waste collection services, plus some small-scale manufacturers of pre-made pit Luwinga, Mzuzu 2, Malawi; e-mail: rochelle@ latrine slabs. The paper explores these activities, considering their accessibility rochelleholm.com to low-income customers. It closes with suggestions regarding the potential for building on what is currently available. Alinafe Kamangira is a Research Assistant with Mzuzu University, Centre KEYWORDS faecal sludge management / low-income country / Malawi / private of Excellence in Water and sector / small city / solid waste / urban sanitation Sanitation, Malawi. Address: e-mail: kalidrah@ yahoo.com Mavuto Tembo is a geographer with research I. INTRODUCTION interests in rural water, sanitation, hygiene and climate adaptation. He is Open defecation is increasingly rare in many urban areas in low- currently working with income countries,(1) and Malawi, in Southern Africa, is no exception. Mzuzu University as Senior But this trend implies the need for sanitation services that can keep Lecturer. pace with the growth in urban populations. This can be especially Address: e-mail: challenging in dense urban areas in many low- and middle-income [email protected] countries, where conventional systems are both costly and difficult Victor Kasulo is the Director to install. Efficient solid waste management, similarly, can present of Research with Mzuzu considerable challenges. Andersson et al.(2) note that both high- and University, Malawi. low-income countries will find it a challenge in the future to achieve Address: e-mail: kasulov@ sustainable urban sanitation, but low-income countries that still lack gmail.com full coverage with conventional sewage and waste removal systems Hastings Kandaya is the have a unique opportunity to go beyond conventional planning and Director of Programmes at Malawi Red Cross Society. to introduce innovative solutions. Environment & Urbanization Copyright © 2018 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). 597 Vol 30(2):https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818766495 597–612. 10.1177/0956247818766495 www.sagepublications.com ENVIRONMENT & URBANIZATION Vol 30 No 2 October 2018 One such innovation for filling public entity service gaps for the Address: e-mail: hkandaya@ delivery of environmentally sound sanitation services has been the redcross.mw introduction of public–private–community partnerships, especially Peter Gijs van Enk was for the poor, as promoted by Franceys and Weitz.(3) And in areas where previously with The Netherlands Red Cross. conventional systems are unrealistic, there is significant scope for enterprises offering faecal sludge management through onsite household Address: e-mail: emptying services.(4) In the area of solid waste removal, there are also [email protected] practical solutions, responsive to challenging urban conditions. Yet other Alex Velzeboer was the studies on Africa and Asia point to the difficulties in building private water, sanitation and (5) hygiene (WASH) delegate in sector sanitation services. Malawi for The Netherlands Cost is a major issue. Private sector sanitation services in Malawi, Red Cross. He is currently for instance, are unaffordable given the high consumer price index. with the International Organization for Migration, This reflects monthly inflation, for both food and non-food services, as a WASH officer in (6) of approximately 20 per cent over a minimum wage of Malawian Turkey. Kwacha (MK) 18,000/month (US$ 26/month). Research by Banana et al.(7) Address: e-mail: shows that in low-income urban informal settlements in Africa (Malawi, [email protected] Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe), the household income available for sanitation is no more than US$ 3–4 per month. This makes it a challenge for households to pay for most standard services. In Malawi, the National Sanitation Policy aims “To ensure that all 1. WHO and UNICEF (2015), Progress on Sanitation and people in Malawi own and have access to improved sanitation facilities, Drinking Water – 2015 Update practice safe hygiene, and practice safe recycling of liquid and solid waste for and MDG Assessment, World sustainable environmental management and socio-economic development.”(8) Health Organization, Geneva, (9) accessed 13 July 2015 at http:// Together, the 1968 Public Health Act and Local Government Act www.unicef.org/publications/ (10) of 1998 provide regulatory authority to city and town councils index_82419.html. with regard to household sanitation services. When sanitation is not 2. Andersson, K, S Dickin and managed correctly, it violates the Environmental Management Act A Rosemarin (2016), “Towards of 1996,(11) which states, “Every person shall have a right to a clean and “sustainable” sanitation: challenges and opportunities healthy environment.” in urban areas”, Sustainability Most studies looking at the challenge of sanitation in informal Vol 8, No 12, Art 1289. urban settlements within Africa have focused primarily on residents or 3. Franceys, R and A Weitz users.(12) This study focuses on sanitation service providers. The objective (2003), “Public-private of this paper is to assess the sanitation situation in smaller urban centres community partnerships in infrastructure for the poor”, in Malawi. This assessment is undertaken in order to consider the Journal of International potential for self-reliant private sanitation services in this setting. A “self- Development Vol 15, No 8, reliant sanitation service” is defined here as a service provided, without pages 1083–1098. household subsidies, to protect human health and the environment by 4. Strande, L, M Ronteltap and D Brdjanovic (editors) (2014), eliminating contact between humans and solid or liquid waste. Faecal Sludge Management: Section II of the paper explains the research study locations and Systems Approach for methods. Section III describes and contrasts the range of public and non- Implementation and Operation, profit sector services available for household sanitation within two urban International Water Association, London, accessed 26 April areas in Malawi, both with populations under 150,000. The paper then 2016 at http://www.eawag. goes on in Section IV to consider the private sector sanitation services ch/en/department/sandec/ that are available, specifically including the construction of improved publikationen/faecal-sludge- management-fsm-book/. (cement) pit latrine slabs; the provision of liquid or solid waste collection, 5. Chowdhry, S and D Kone transport, and treatment services; the supporting supply chain; and (2012), Business Analysis of the financing of these enterprises. Section V discusses the findings and Fecal Sludge Management: Section VI concludes with recommendations. Emptying and Transportation This paper does not assess the impact of industrial activities or Services in Africa and Asia, Draft report, The Bill & Melinda user or landlord willingness to pay. The identified opportunities and Gates Foundation. constraints form the basis for recommendations for longer-term self- 6. Reserve Bank of Malawi reliance and improved urban sanitation in smaller urban areas of sub- (2015), Consumer Price Indices Saharan Africa. (CPI) for 2015, accessed 1 598 SANITATION SERviCE DElivERY IN smallER URBAN AREas (MZUZU AND KARONga, MalaWI) November 2017 at https:// II. RESEARCH STUDY www.rbm.mw/Statistics/ InflationRates. The two research study sites, Mzuzu City and Karonga Township, are both 7. Banana, E, P Chikoti, C Harawa, G McGranahan, in northern Malawi. There, the Malawi Red Cross Society is planning D Mitlin, S Stephen, N work on integrated water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions as part Schermbrucker, F Shumba and of improving the overall sanitation situation in these towns. Mzuzu A Walnycki (2015), “Sharing University researchers collected data on sanitation services in both reflections on inclusive sanitation”, Environment & areas to design a programme for training self-reliant sanitation service Urbanization Vol 27, No 1, providers, and the current study drew on these. pages 19–34. Mzuzu City covers 48 square kilometres and had a population of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Malawi Essay
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Repository and Portal - University of the West of Scotland UWS Academic Portal Perspectives on theological education in Malawi Matemba, Yonah Published in: Arts and Humanities in Higher Education DOI: 10.1177/1474022211408036 Published: 01/07/2011 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication on the UWS Academic Portal Citation for published version (APA): Matemba, Y. (2011). Perspectives on theological education in Malawi. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 10(3), 329-347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022211408036 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UWS Academic Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 17 Sep 2019 PERSPECTIVES ON THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MALAWI Yonah H. Matemba Lecturer in Education, University of the West of Scotland, UK (Accepted for publication: Journal: Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 10:3) ABSTRACT This essay gives an overview of (Christian) Theological Education (hereinafter, CTE) in Malawi. To place the discussion in its appropriate context, information about Malawi is given including the impact of Christianity on the country. It then describes historical aspects of CTE and in that part of the discussion highlights some of inherent shortcomings of CTE.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion Networks and Hiv/Aids in Rural Malawi
    RELIGION NETWORKS AND HIV/AIDS IN RURAL MALAWI DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Ohio State University By jimi adams * * * * * Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Kazimierz M. Slomczynski, Advisor Professor James W. Moody, Outside Member _______________________ Professor Korie Edwards Advisor Sociology Graduate Program Professor Steven H. Lopez Copyright by jimi adams 2007 ABSTRACT Sub-Saharan Africa’s residents represent approximately two-thirds of the nearly 40 million global HIV/AIDS cases, while comprising only about one-tenth of the world’s population. In the rural settings where most inhabitants of SSA live, religious organizations are the only formal organizations present, and virtually all residents of SSA participate in a religious organization. Many have theorized a relationship between religion and HIV/AIDS, suggesting alternately its helpful and harmful potential in this crisis. The existing research conceptualizes religion, HIV risk and the connection between them by studying individuals, organizations, or aggregations of individuals and organizations. In this dissertation, I demonstrate the adjustments a network perspective contributes to researchers’ ability to understand religious organizational responses to this epidemic, the nature of HIV-risk and, perhaps most importantly, how these are linked. The resulting conceptualization suggests some of the first mechanisms that demonstrate how
    [Show full text]
  • Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (Escom)
    ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CORPORATION OF MALAWI (ESCOM) PRESENTATION EXECUTIVE EXCHANGE ON DEVELOPING AN ANCILLARY SERVICE MARKET FOR SAPP BACKGROUND INFORMATION Malawi-119 thousand square kilometers Malawi population-15 million-2011 Lilongwe is the capital city (Central region) Blantyre commercial (Southern) Mzuzu commercial (Northern) with fast growing industries. MAP OF MALAWI ECONOMIC FREEDOM Malawi's economic freedom score is 55.3 making its economy the 118th freest in the 2013 world Index; Malawi is ranked 20th out of 46 countries in the Sub- Saharan Africa region overall score is only a few points below the world average. Malawi scores slightly above average in investment freedom and financial freedom Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) is a statutory corporation that generates, transmit, and distribute electrical energy in Malawi. The corporation is divided into business units according to its operations; Generation Business Unit (GBU), Transmission Business Unit (TBU), and Distribution Business Unit (DBU). GENERATION BUSINESS UNIT (GBU) is a unit that operationally deals with generation of electricity. The Business Unit comprise of: Nkula A Power Station :8X3=24MW Nkula B Power Station :20X5=100MW Tedzani 1&2 Power Station :10X4=40MW Tedzani-3 Power Station :26.35X2=52.7MW Kapichira Power Station :32.4X2=64.8MW TOTAL : 281.5MW ESCOM GRID Malawi’ s Total power Demand is around 360MW and projected 400MW by end of 2013; (Against a total available capacity of 281.5MW). SOUTHERN REGION Southern region: Heavy industrials i.e. Blantyre city, the commercial city and Zomba city- commercial loads; Illovo Sugar company, Tea and cotton companies-industrial and agricultural loads. CENTRAL REGION Central region: Heavy industrials i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction 1. Malawi: a Multi-Ethnic Nation
    From: Dr. Willie Zeze RE: Abstract Submission – 2015 Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations Conference DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION AND ETHNIC ORGANIZATIONS IN MALAWI - PRESERVING GOOD TRADITIONAL PRACTICES OR PROMOTING NEPOTISM AND TRIBALISM? Abstract Due to the advent of the 1994 democratic constitution particularly its enactment on Protection of human rights and freedoms: Culture and language, Freedom of association, Religion and beliefs, Freedom of assembly and Political rights, Malawi has witnessed mushrooming of tribal organizations, aiming at preserving the traditional African religious beliefs and African cultural traditions. The Chewa Heritage Foundation (Chefo) and the Muhlakho wa Alhomwe (MWA) among the Chewa and Lhomwe tribes respectively are among well-known ethnic organizations through which the traditional beliefs, cultural traditions and religions are enjoying a significant respect from members of mentioned-tribes. The democratic constitution has cleared a road for the establishment of these ethnic organizations. However, it seems activities of Chefo and MWA are inter alia promoting tribalism and nepotism, in addition to being used as campaign tools for some political parties. This article intends to assess and evaluate the role and the impact of the Chefo and MWA on preservation of good cultural practices and constitutional democracy in Malawi. The hypothesis is, in spite of preserving cultural practices as guaranteed in constitution, the tribal organizations need to be watchful so that they should not promote tribalism, nepotism and being used as campaign tools by Malawian politicians. 1. Introduction In order to appreciate how in their understanding the Democratic Constitution the Chewa Heritage Foundation and Mulhako wa Alhomwe in Malawi, revitalize, preserved and protect customs, values, beliefs and traditional practices it is necessary to understand a social- political history of Malawi.
    [Show full text]
  • Map District Site Balaka Balaka District Hospital Balaka Balaka Opd
    Map District Site Balaka Balaka District Hospital Balaka Balaka Opd Health Centre Balaka Chiendausiku Health Centre Balaka Kalembo Health Centre Balaka Kankao Health Centre Balaka Kwitanda Health Centre Balaka Mbera Health Centre Balaka Namanolo Health Centre Balaka Namdumbo Health Centre Balaka Phalula Health Centre Balaka Phimbi Health Centre Balaka Utale 1 Health Centre Balaka Utale 2 Health Centre Blantyre Bangwe Health Centre Blantyre Blantyre Adventist Hospital Blantyre Blantyre City Assembly Clinic Blantyre Chavala Health Centre Blantyre Chichiri Prison Clinic Blantyre Chikowa Health Centre Blantyre Chileka Health Centre Blantyre Blantyre Chilomoni Health Centre Blantyre Chimembe Health Centre Blantyre Chirimba Health Centre Blantyre Dziwe Health Centre Blantyre Kadidi Health Centre Blantyre Limbe Health Centre Blantyre Lirangwe Health Centre Blantyre Lundu Health Centre Blantyre Macro Blantyre Blantyre Madziabango Health Centre Blantyre Makata Health Centre Lunzu Blantyre Makhetha Clinic Blantyre Masm Medi Clinic Limbe Blantyre Mdeka Health Centre Blantyre Mlambe Mission Hospital Blantyre Mpemba Health Centre Blantyre Ndirande Health Centre Blantyre Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Blantyre South Lunzu Health Centre Blantyre Zingwangwa Health Centre Chikwawa Chapananga Health Centre Chikwawa Chikwawa District Hospital Chikwawa Chipwaila Health Centre Chikwawa Dolo Health Centre Chikwawa Kakoma Health Centre Map District Site Chikwawa Kalulu Health Centre, Chikwawa Chikwawa Makhwira Health Centre Chikwawa Mapelera Health Centre
    [Show full text]
  • No. 1. Mzuzu, Malawi S Erie S
    : S WI ITIE A L C IN A RY , M A ECURITY ZUZU S ECOND S S ’ OOD . 1. M . 1. A F O RIC N F A URBAN FOOD SECURITY SERIES 27 NO. AFRICAN FOOD SECURITY URBAN NETWORK (AFSUN) FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA’S SECONDARY CITIES: NO. 1. MZUZU, MALAWI URBAN FOOD SECURITY SERIES NO. 27 AFRICAN FOOD SECURITY URBAN NETWORK (AFSUN) FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA’S SECONDARY CITIES: NO. 1. MZUZU, MALAWI LIAM RILEY, EMMANUEL CHILANGA, LOVEMORE ZUZE, AMANDA JOYNT SERIES EDITOR: PROF. JONATHAN CRUSH URBAN FOOD SECURITY SERIES NO. 27 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the first publication in a new AFSUN series on the relationship between rap- id urbanization, secondary cities, and food security in Africa. This case study of the City of Mzuzu in Malawi is funded by an Insight Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) on Secondary Urbanization, Food Security and Local Governance in Africa. The authors wish to thank the following for their assistance: Ruth Mbeya, Cameron McCordic, Bernard Kamanga, Yohane Nya- sulu, Hannington Makamo, Agness Banda, Jowasi Banda, Maureen Chilanga, Patricia Chibwe, Trevor Gondwe, Chisomo Khanyera, Harry Kumwenda, Jason Kumwenda, Stella Mgala, Chimwemwe Mhango, Brian Mponda, Juliana Ngwira, Tabitha Niudi, Daniel Nkhoma, and Mateyo Nyirongo. © AFSUN 2018 Published by the African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) www.afsun.org First published 2018 ISBN 978-1-920597-33-7 Cover photo: Ruth Mbeya (Mzuzu Market) Production by Bronwen Dachs Muller, Cape Town Printed by Print on Demand, Cape Town All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERDENOMINATIONAL AITH Kampala, Uganda, and He Received Doctor's Degrees from Dar-Es-Salaam and Heidelberg Universities
    Klaus Fiedler, born 1942 in Germany, is a missiologist and mission historian connecting the conntinents of Europe and Africa. He studied initially at the Baptist Seminary in Hamburg, but received his most formative F education at Makerere University in INTERDENOMINATIONAL AITH Kampala, Uganda, and he received Doctor's degrees from Dar-es-Salaam and Heidelberg Universities. He served for seven years as a missionary with the Kanisa la Biblia in South Tanzania, then 16 years in AITH ISSIONS M F M Germany as pastor, teacher and editor. In 1992 he started teaching at the University of Malawi in Zomba, since 2008 he is Professor of Theology and Religious Studies at Mzuzu ISSIONS IN FRICA University and Postgraduate Coordinator. A It is not the European and American churches that evangelized Africa, but the mission societies. The missions from the Great Awakening like London Missionary Society and Church Missionary Society, or the Holy Ghost Fathers and the White Fathers, which started the process of Sub-Saharan Africa becoming a Christian continent, are well known and their work is better documented. Less known and less documented are the interdenominational faith missions, beginning in 1873, aiming to reach the still unreached areas of Africa: North K Africa, the Sudan Belt and the Congo Basin. So there were LAUS missions like Africa Inland Mission or Sudan Interior Mission, which gave birth to some of the big churches like ECWA in F Nigeria and Africa Inland Church in Kenya. IEDLER KLAUS FIEDLER This book is part of Mzuni Press which offers a range of books on religion, culture and society from Malawi INTERDENOMINATIONAL FAITH MISSIONS IN AFRICA Copyright 2018 Klaus Fiedler All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • MALAWI Main Health Facilities and Population Density March 2020
    MALAWI Main Health Facilities and Population Density March 2020 Chitipa Chitipa District CHITIPA Hospital Karonga District Karonga old Hospital Hospital KARONGA Chilumba UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA RUMPHI Rumphi Rumphi District Hospital ZAMBIA NORTHERN MZUZU CITY Mzuzu Central MZUZU Hospital Nkhata Bay NKHATA BAY Nkhata Bay MZIMBA District Hospital Mzimba District Hospital LIKOMA LILONGWE CITY Lake Malawi MOZAMBIQUE Lilongwe Central Hospital Bwaila/Bottom Hospital NKHOTAKOTA KASUNGU Nkhotakota District Hospital Kasungu Kasungu District Hospital NTCHISI ZOMBA CITY Ntchisi District CENTRAL Hospital DOWA Dzaleka Refugee Camp (44,385) MCHINJI Dowa SALIMA Dowa District Salima District Mchinji District Hospital Hospital ZOMBA Hospital LILONGWE CITY ZOMBA CITY Zomba Central Hospital DEDZA LILONGWE Dedza Dedza District BLANTYRE CITY Hospital Mangoche Mangochi District ZOMBA MANGOCHI Hospital NTCHEU Ntcheu Ntcheu District Hospital BLANTYRE CITY Capital City MACHINGA CHIRADZULU Balaka District Liwonde BLANTYRE Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Hospital Major town MOZAMBIQUE Machinga District Hospital BALAKA Refugee camp / settlement Machinga LIMBE Lake (Number of refugees) ZOMBA CITY Chilwa NENO Road Zomba Central Hospital Mwanza District Hospital SOUTHERN ZOMBA District BLANTYRE PHALOMBE THYOLO BLANTYRE Region MWANZA Chiradzulu District Hospital CHIRADZULU International border BLANTYRE CITY MULANJE Chikwawa District Health facility Hospital Thyolo District Mulanje District Hospital Hospital Central Hospital District Hospital CHIKWAWA THYOLO Population density (People per Sq. Km) < 100 Bangula 101 - 250 NSANJE 251 - 500 ZIMBABWE Nsanje District Hospital 501 - 1,000 > 1,000 The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Creation date: 3 Apr 2020 Sources: OSM, UNCS, UNOCHA, Camps: UNHCR, Health Facilities: HDX/WHO-CDC, Population Density: Malawi NSO Feedback: [email protected] | Twitter: @UNOCHA_ROSEA | www.unocha.org/rosea | www.reliefweb.int.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Deprivation in Malawi
    The Dynamics of Deprivation in Malawi: The multi-dimensional effects of the lean season on children By Robert Hopper A study commissioned by UNICEF Malawi, Social Policy Section in collaboration with Child Protection, Education, Health, Nutrition, and WASH sections. October 2020 1 Acknowledgments I would like to thank a number of people for their support and assistance throughout this study. Within UNICEF Malawi, essential contributions to study design and feedback on findings were provided by Mesfin Senbete, Patrick Okuni, Wilfred Bengnwi, Benson Kazembe, Xinxin Yu, Mutsinzi Heinrich Rukundo and Nami Nakatani, whose wealth of knowledge on the specific deprivations relative to their sections was extremely beneficial. Furthermore, a very special thanks needs to go to Maren Platzmann for her patience, guidance, and input into all facets of the study. I am also grateful to a number of persons external to UNICEF Malawi for their invaluable contributions. These include, but are not limited to, Frank Otchere and Kaku Attah Damoah at UNICEF Innocenti, Chris Burningham and Karishma da Silva at World Bank Malawi, and Simon Haenni and Mirela Sabotic at the Department of Economics, University of Zurich. Their contributions and advice advanced this paper significantly. Preface The idea of assessing the dynamics of deprivation in a more structured, holistic way was developed by the UNICEF Malawi team working on shock-sensitive social protection, supported by Maxi Ussar. The intention was to look beyond seasonal food insecurity, to better understand and in consequence address the multiple and nuanced ways children are affected every year by immense risks that can have lasting consequences on child wellbeing, development and Malawi’s human capital.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction 1
    NOTES 1 Introduction 1 . The Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project has been funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), grants R01–37276, R01-HD44228–01, R01-HD050142, R01-HD/MH-41713–0. The MDICP has also been funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, grant RF-99009#199. The MDICP received ethical approval from institutional review boards at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Malawi. 2 . We used NVivo software for coding the ethnographic journals. 3 . Catherine was pregnant with her first child when we began conduct- ing interviews at the end of 2005. 4 . The approach was developed by or associated with Mitchell (1956), Turner (1996[1957]), Epstein (1958), van Velsen (1964), Marwick (1965), Long (1968), and Kapferer (1972). 5 . The names of journalers as well as the names of the people to whom they refer are anonymized. The journalers’ editorial comments are italicized and placed in parentheses. I have edited rumor journal quotes for readability. All changes are made with the intention of maintaining the rhythm and imagery of the original report. Most of my “corrections” are simply breaking up and punctuating run-on sentences. My additions of missing words are in square brackets. Other corrections include correcting spellings, adjusting subject-verb agree- ment, and adding articles. I have avoided inverting sentence syntax and other substantive changes. 6 . By “relevant conversation” I refer to discussions that are pertinent to this particular research agenda. 7 . “chiTumbuka” means the language of the Tumbuka. The prefix “chi” means “language of.” 8 . Two journalers lived within the same village, two lived in Rumphi township, and another journaler lived half a mile outside the township.
    [Show full text]
  • PLACE REPORT Malawi September 2018
    PLACE REPORT Malawi September 2018 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 List of Figures And Tables 7 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 1.1 Background and Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 10 1.2 Funding and Districts ...................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Results ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.4.1 Over 3500 Community Informants Identified Venues 13 1.4.2 Bars were the most common type of venue reported 13 1.4.3 Over 4000 Venues were Visited and Found to be Operational 13 1.4.4 Venue Type Differed by District 13 1.4.5 Key Populations Visit Venues 14 1.4.6 Female Sex Workers Live Onsite at Some Venues 14 1.4.7 Availability of Prevention Services at Venues 14 1.4.8 2,635 FSW Interviewed 15 1.4.9 Many FSW use cell phones but do not meet partners online 15 1.4.10 Receptive anal sex among women 15 1.4.11. Injecting drug use 15 1.4. 12. FSW who lived at the venue had more sexual partners 16 1.4.13 Among FSW: Self-Reported HIV Infection and ART 16 1.4.14 Access to services 17 1.4.15 638 MSM Interviewed 17 1.4.16 Frequency of Cell Phone and Social Media Use by MSM 17 1.4.17 Many MSM Report Sex with Women 17 1.4.18 MSM: Self-Reported HIV Infection and ART 18 1.4.20 PLACE I: Zomba Special Study: Viral Suppression among FSW & MSM 19 1.4.21 Results Size Estimates: FSW 19 1.4.22 Results Size Estimates: MSM 20 2 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release
    GOVERNMENT OF MALAWI NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE PRESS RELEASE LAUNCH OF THE FINAL RESULTS OF THE 2008 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS In June 2008, the National Statistical Office (NSO), on behalf of the Malawi Government, conducted the fifth post-independence Population and Housing Census (PHC). The objective of the census was to collect necessary data for planning, monitoring and evaluation of development programmes, more specifically the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) as well as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The preliminary results from the Census were released in September, 2008. The preliminary results provided a general picture of the population size, distribution and annual growth rates. The NSO is pleased to inform the general public that the report of the final results has now been finalised. This report will be launched on 25th November, 2009 at Sunbird Capital Hotel at 9:30 am, by Honourable Minister of Development Planning and Cooperation Abbie Marambika Shawa MP. For further information contact: The Commissioner of Statistics, National Statistical Office, P.O. Box 333, Zomba Tel: (265)-1-524 377 E-mail: [email protected] 2008 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS Major Highlights Total population in June 2008 was 13, 077, 160 persons Lilongwe district had the largest population with 1, 905, 282 persons The average annual population growth rate between 1998 and 2008 was 2.8% Population density was 139 persons per square kilometre Of the population 15.3% lived in urban areas The sex ratio was
    [Show full text]