Une Étude De L'intelligent Dance Music : Analyse Du Style Rythmique D'aphex Twin

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Une Étude De L'intelligent Dance Music : Analyse Du Style Rythmique D'aphex Twin Une étude de l’Intelligent Dance Music : analyse du style rythmique d’Aphex Twin Mémoire Anthony Papavassiliou Maîtrise en musique - musicologie Maître en musique (M.Mus.) Québec, Canada © Anthony Papavassiliou, 2014 RÉSUMÉ L‘Intelligent Dance Music (IDM) est un courant de musique électronique semi- expérimental qui a émergé au Royaume-Uni au début des années 1990. Souvent considérée comme une musique cérébrale peu propice à la danse, l‘IDM n‘avait jamais fait l‘objet de l‘étude nécessaire à la justification d‘un tel jugement. Les analyses formelles menées ici sur des œuvres représentatives d‘Aphex Twin, pionnier et figure principale du courant, montrent une démarche sophistiquée de complexification rythmique qui a pour effet de solliciter activement l‘attention de l‘auditeur. D‘une part, l‘asymétrie organisée aux différents niveaux du rythme provoque des phénomènes d‘ambigüité et de rupture sur le plan de la perception métrique. D‘autre part, l‘abondance d‘ensembles microrythmiques, parfaitement synchronisés avec la structure métrique, produit un dense et précis enrichissement du rythme opéré sous forme d‘agréments gestuels ou texturaux. Ces particularités musicales résultent d‘un lot de choix prédominants définissant le style de l‘artiste et, par la même occasion, fournissent les premiers éléments d‘une définition de l‘IDM basée sur des caractéristiques formelles. iii ABSTRACT Intelligent Dance Music (IDM) is a semi-experimental genre of electronic music that emerged in UK at the turn of the 1990s. Even though IDM has been described as a kind of cerebral music not appropriate for dancing, it has not been considered worth of musicological study until now. This thesis presents formal analyses of pieces by pioneering act and main IDM figure Aphex Twin: listeners‘ attention is notably drawn by Aphex Twin's sophisticated approach and complex rhythmic structures. On the one hand, the different rhythmic layers are characterized by an organized asymmetry leading to ambiguity and rupture in the domain of metrical perception. On the other, the large amount of microrhythmic elements, all perfectly synchronized to the metric structure, contribute to greatly enrich rhythm through gestural and textural material. These musical characteristics, that are the result of a number of choices peculiar to the artist‘s style, open the way to a formal definition of IDM. v TABLE DES MATIÈRES Résumé .............................................................................................................................................................. iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... v Table des matières ............................................................................................................................................ vii Liste des tableaux .............................................................................................................................................. ix Liste des figures ................................................................................................................................................. xi Sigles et abréviations ....................................................................................................................................... xiii Remerciements ................................................................................................................................................. xv Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapitre I – Considérations terminologiques .................................................................................................... 17 1. La structure rythmique : rythme et mètre ............................................................................................ 17 1.1. Définition .................................................................................................................................... 17 1.2. Groupement et mètre ................................................................................................................... 19 1.3. Accentuation et syncope ............................................................................................................. 20 1.4. Dissonance métrique, polyrythmie et polymétrie........................................................................ 26 1.5. Ambigüité et indétermination du mètre ...................................................................................... 27 2. Concepts relatifs aux microdurées ....................................................................................................... 29 2.1. Microson ..................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2. Microrythme ............................................................................................................................... 30 2.3. Microtiming ................................................................................................................................ 32 3. Terminologie relative aux éléments de la structure rythmique ............................................................ 33 3.1. Pulsation et unité ......................................................................................................................... 34 3.2. Temps, tactus et tempo................................................................................................................ 34 Chapitre II – Trois analyses d‘œuvres .............................................................................................................. 37 1. Analyse de « To Cure a Weakling Child » .......................................................................................... 37 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 37 1.2. Présentation de la méthodologie ................................................................................................. 37 1.3. Analyse ....................................................................................................................................... 49 1.4. Synthèse ...................................................................................................................................... 62 2. Analyse de la forme préliminaire de la forme de « Cock/Ver10 » ...................................................... 63 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 63 2.2. Analyse de la forme : ambigüité et indétermination ................................................................... 63 2.3. Synthèse : détermination de la forme préliminaire ..................................................................... 69 3. Analyse transphonographique de « Cock/Ver10 » .............................................................................. 71 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 71 3.2. Caractéristiques stylistiques de « Cock/Ver10 » ......................................................................... 71 3.3. Analyse de « Cock/Ver10 » (Aphex Twin, 2001) ....................................................................... 72 3.4. Analyse de l‘hyperphonographe ................................................................................................. 77 3.5. Synthèse ...................................................................................................................................... 84 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 87 Annexe 1 : Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 91 Annexe 2 : Discographie ................................................................................................................................... 93 Annexe 3 : Documents divers ........................................................................................................................... 95 Bibliographie .................................................................................................................................................... 97 vii LISTE DES TABLEAUX Tableau 1 – Tableau des fréquences d‘évènements par seconde à 84 bpm (B) en fonction de la subdivision du temps exprimée par ces derniers (A). ............................................................................................................... 40 Tableau 2 – Tableau des multiples de fréquences (tempo et évènements) en fonction du tempo. .................... 43 Tableau 3 – Exemple extrait du tableau de transcription réalisé pour l‘analyse de « To Cure A Weakling Child ». ............................................................................................................................................................. 44 Tableau 4 – Tableau de la forme préliminaire de l‘œuvre à partir des concepts d‘ambigüité et d‘indétermination. ............................................................................................................................................
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