MORE ABOUT More About Acute Poisoning
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Ricin, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
Analyst PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Rapid and simultaneous detection of ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and saxitoxin by Cite this: Analyst,2014,139, 5885 chemiluminescence-based microarray immunoassay† a a b b c c A. Szkola, E. M. Linares, S. Worbs, B. G. Dorner, R. Dietrich, E. Martlbauer,¨ R. Niessnera and M. Seidel*a Simultaneous detection of small and large molecules on microarray immunoassays is a challenge that limits some applications in multiplex analysis. This is the case for biosecurity, where fast, cheap and reliable simultaneous detection of proteotoxins and small toxins is needed. Two highly relevant proteotoxins, ricin (60 kDa) and bacterial toxin staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB, 30 kDa) and the small phycotoxin saxitoxin (STX, 0.3 kDa) are potential biological warfare agents and require an analytical tool for simultaneous detection. Proteotoxins are successfully detected by sandwich immunoassays, whereas Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. competitive immunoassays are more suitable for small toxins (<1 kDa). Based on this need, this work provides a novel and efficient solution based on anti-idiotypic antibodies for small molecules to combine both assay principles on one microarray. The biotoxin measurements are performed on a flow-through chemiluminescence microarray platform MCR3 in 18 minutes. The chemiluminescence signal was Received 18th February 2014 amplified by using a poly-horseradish peroxidase complex (polyHRP), resulting in low detection limits: Accepted 3rd September 2014 2.9 Æ 3.1 mgLÀ1 for ricin, 0.1 Æ 0.1 mgLÀ1 for SEB and 2.3 Æ 1.7 mgLÀ1 for STX. The developed multiplex DOI: 10.1039/c4an00345d system for the three biotoxins is completely novel, relevant in the context of biosecurity and establishes www.rsc.org/analyst the basis for research on anti-idiotypic antibodies for microarray immunoassays. -
Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity
toxins Article Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity Massimo Picardo 1 , Oscar Núñez 2,3 and Marinella Farré 1,* 1 Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 3 Serra Húnter Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 October 2020; Accepted: 26 November 2020; Published: 28 November 2020 Abstract: This study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges that are connected in series, hence covering a wide range of polarities, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acquisition was performed in the full-scan and data-dependent modes while working under positive and negative ionisation conditions. This method was applied in order to assess the natural toxins in the Ter River water reservoirs, which are used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain). The study was carried out during a period of seven months, covering the expected prior, during, and post-peak blooming periods of the natural toxins. Fifty-three (53) compounds were tentatively identified, and nine of these were confirmed and quantified. Phytotoxins were identified as the most frequent group of natural toxins in the water, particularly the alkaloids group. -
Manual of Bacteriology
m 4-1 /fo3 L CORNELL UNIVERSITY. THE THE GIFT OF ROSWELL P. FLOWER FOR THE USE OF THE N. Y. STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE ,,,. ^ 1897 8394-1 v3 Cornell University Library OR 41.M95 1903 Manual of bacteriology, 3 1924 000 225 965 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000225965 MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY \ > rhe?yi><^- MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY BY ROBERT MUIR; M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P.Ed. PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, AND JAMES RITCHIE, M.A., M.D., B.Sc. T READER IN PATHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, AMERICAN EDITION (WITH ADDITIONS), REVISED AND EDITED FROM THE THIRD ENGLISH EDITION BY NORMAN MAC LEOD HARRIS, M.B. (Tor.) ASSOCIATE IN BACTERIOLOGY, THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMQRE. WITH ONE HUND/t^D &= i^ENlPC^LLUSTRATIONS. LIBRARY. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1903 T Jill rights reserved. -7 . "^ '%C; No. X5 G^ Copyright, 1903, By the macmillan company. Set up and electrotyped February, 1903. Norivood Press J. S. Cushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. In presenting this the American edition of the well-known and appreciated work of Doctors Muir and Ritchie, the en- deavour has been made to add to the value of the book by giving adequate expression to the best in American laboratory methods and research, and, at the same time, to augment the general scope of the work -without eliminating the personal impress of the authors. -
Biological Toxins Fact Sheet
Work with FACT SHEET Biological Toxins The University of Utah Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) reviews registrations for work with, possession of, use of, and transfer of acute biological toxins (mammalian LD50 <100 µg/kg body weight) or toxins that fall under the Federal Select Agent Guidelines, as well as the organisms, both natural and recombinant, which produce these toxins Toxins Requiring IBC Registration Laboratory Practices Guidelines for working with biological toxins can be found The following toxins require registration with the IBC. The list in Appendix I of the Biosafety in Microbiological and is not comprehensive. Any toxin with an LD50 greater than 100 µg/kg body weight, or on the select agent list requires Biomedical Laboratories registration. Principal investigators should confirm whether or (http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/i not the toxins they propose to work with require IBC ndex.htm). These are summarized below. registration by contacting the OEHS Biosafety Officer at [email protected] or 801-581-6590. Routine operations with dilute toxin solutions are Abrin conducted using Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) practices and Aflatoxin these must be detailed in the IBC protocol and will be Bacillus anthracis edema factor verified during the inspection by OEHS staff prior to IBC Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin Botulinum neurotoxins approval. BSL2 Inspection checklists can be found here Brevetoxin (http://oehs.utah.edu/research-safety/biosafety/ Cholera toxin biosafety-laboratory-audits). All personnel working with Clostridium difficile toxin biological toxins or accessing a toxin laboratory must be Clostridium perfringens toxins Conotoxins trained in the theory and practice of the toxins to be used, Dendrotoxin (DTX) with special emphasis on the nature of the hazards Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) associated with laboratory operations and should be Diphtheria toxin familiar with the signs and symptoms of toxin exposure. -
Biological Toxins As the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Biological Toxins as the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism Edyta Janik 1, Michal Ceremuga 2, Joanna Saluk-Bijak 1 and Michal Bijak 1,* 1 Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] (E.J.); [email protected] (J.S.-B.) 2 CBRN Reconnaissance and Decontamination Department, Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Antoniego Chrusciela “Montera” 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +48-(0)426354336 Received: 3 February 2019; Accepted: 3 March 2019; Published: 8 March 2019 Abstract: Biological toxins are a heterogeneous group produced by living organisms. One dictionary defines them as “Chemicals produced by living organisms that have toxic properties for another organism”. Toxins are very attractive to terrorists for use in acts of bioterrorism. The first reason is that many biological toxins can be obtained very easily. Simple bacterial culturing systems and extraction equipment dedicated to plant toxins are cheap and easily available, and can even be constructed at home. Many toxins affect the nervous systems of mammals by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses, which gives them their high potential in bioterrorist attacks. Others are responsible for blockage of main cellular metabolism, causing cellular death. Moreover, most toxins act very quickly and are lethal in low doses (LD50 < 25 mg/kg), which are very often lower than chemical warfare agents. For these reasons we decided to prepare this review paper which main aim is to present the high potential of biological toxins as factors of bioterrorism describing the general characteristics, mechanisms of action and treatment of most potent biological toxins. -
Poisoning by Medical Plants
ARCHIVES OF ArchiveArch Iran Med.of SID February 2020;23(2):117-127 IRANIAN http www.aimjournal.ir MEDICINE Open Systematic Review Access Poisoning by Medical Plants Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, PhD1; Zahra Bayrami, PhD2; Fatemeh Farzaei, PhD1; Ina Aneva, PhD3; Swagat Kumar Das, PhD4; Jayanta Kumar Patra, PhD5; Gitishree Das, PhD5; Mohammad Abdollahi, PhD2* 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Bulgaria 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, BPUT, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India 5Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea Abstract Background: Herbal medications are becoming increasingly popular with the impression that they cause fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs; however, they may considerably contribute to acute or chronic poisoning incidents. Poison centers receive more than 100 000 patients exposed to toxic plants. Most of these cases are inconsiderable toxicities involving pediatric ingestions of medicinal plants in low quantity. In most cases of serious poisonings, patients are adults who have either mistakenly consumed a poisonous plant as edible or ingested the plant regarding to its medicinal properties for therapy or toxic properties for illegal aims. Methods: In this article, we review the main human toxic plants causing mortality or the ones which account for emergency medical visits. Articles addressing “plant poisoning” in online databases were listed in order to establish the already reported human toxic cases. -
Alpha-Tomatine Content in Tomato and Tomato Products Determined By
J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 1507-151 1 1507 a-Tomatine Content in Tomato and Tomato Products Determined by HPLC with Pulsed Amperometric Detection Mendel Friedman* and Carol E. Levin Food Safety and Health Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710 Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) synthesize the glycoalkaloid a-tomatine, possibly as a defense against insects and other pests. As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant foods, the usefulness of a new HPLC pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) method for the direct analysis of a-tomatine in different parts of the tomato plant; in store-bought and field-grown, including transgenic, tomatoes; in a variety of commercial and home-processed tomato products; and in eggplant and tomatillos was evaluated. The method was found to be useful for analysis of a variety of products including high-tomatine calyxes, flowers, leaves, roots, and stems of the tomato plant (14-130 mg/100 g of fresh weight), low-tomatine red tomatoes (0.03-0.08 mg/100 g), intermediate- tomatine tomatoes (0.1-0.8 mg/100 g), and high-tomatine fresh and processed green, including pickled and fried, tomatoes (0.9-55 mg/100 g). No experimental difficulties were encountered with extraction and analysis of tomatine in complex foods such as tomato juice, ketchup, salsa, sauce, and sun-dried tomatoes. Microwaving and frying did not significantly affect tomatine levels of tomato foods. The tomatine content of fresh market and transgenic delayed-ripening varieties was not different from the range ordinarily seen in tomato. -
Clinical Laboratory Preparedness and Response Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 State Information ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Laboratory Response Network (LRN) .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Other Emergency Preparedness Response Information: .................................................................................................... 19 Radiological Threats ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Food Safety Threats .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25 BioWatch Program ............................................................................................................................................................................ 27 Bio Detection Systems -
Fall TNP Herbals.Pptx
8/18/14 Introduc?on to Objecves Herbal Medicine ● Discuss history and role of psychedelic herbs Part II: Psychedelics, in medicine and illness. Legal Highs, and ● List herbs used as emerging legal and illicit Herbal Poisons drugs of abuse. ● Associate main plant and fungal families with Jason Schoneman RN, MS, AGCNS-BC representave poisonous compounds. The University of Texas at Aus?n ● Discuss clinical management of main toxic Schultes et al., 1992 compounds. Psychedelics Sacraments: spiritual tools or sacred medicine by non-Western cultures vs. Dangerous drugs of abuse vs. Research and clinical tools for mental and physical http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0703.htm disorders History History ● Shamanic divinaon ○ S;mulus for spirituality/religion http://orderofthesacredspiral.blogspot.com/2012/06/t- mckenna-on-psilocybin.html http://www.cosmicelk.net/Chukchidirections.htm 1 8/18/14 History History http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/01/10/hallucinogenic- weapons-the-other-chemical-warfare/ http://rebloggy.com/post/love-music-hippie-psychedelic- woodstock http://fineartamerica.com/featured/misterio-profundo-pablo- amaringo.html History ● Psychotherapy ○ 20th century: un;l 1971 ● Recreaonal ○ S;mulus of U.S. cultural revolu;on http://qsciences.digi-info-broker.com http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/feature/c/38031/ http://en.wikipedia.org/nervous_system 2 8/18/14 Main Groups Main Groups Tryptamines LSD, Psilocybin, DMT, Ibogaine Other Ayahuasca, Fly agaric Phenethylamines MDMA, Mescaline, Myristicin Pseudo-hallucinogen Cannabis Dissociative -
Chapter 26 BIOSAFETY Appendix B. Pathogen and Toxin Lists B.1
Chapter 26 BIOSAFETY ____________________ Appendix B. Pathogen and Toxin Lists B.1 Introduction and Scope Pathogens and toxins are discussed in detail in Work Process B.3.d, Pathogenic Agents and Toxins, of this manual. This appendix lists the following biological agents and toxins presented in Work Process B.3.d: Human etiologic agents (pathogens) from Appendix B of the NIH Guidelines Select agents and toxins from the National Select Agent Registry (NSAR) Plant pathogens previously identified by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) These lists are provided for convenience in this manual, but may not reflect the actual regulatory list or applicable agents or materials. Regulatory sources, standards, and Web links noted in this appendix and Work Process B.3.d should be consulted to confirm applicable agents or toxins. B.2 NIH Guidelines Human Etiologic Agents This section provides a list of human pathogens and their Risk Group (RG) 2, RG3, and RG4 designations as excerpted from Appendix B, Classification of Human Etiologic Agents on the Basis of Hazard, of the NIH Guidelines, amendment effective November 6, 2013. B.2.1 Risk Group 1 Agents RG1 agents are not associated with disease in healthy adult humans. Examples of RG1 agents include asporogenic Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis (see NIH Guidelines, Appendix C-IV-A, Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis Host-Vector Systems, Exceptions); adeno-associated virus (AAV, all serotypes); and recombinant or synthetic AAV constructs, in which the transgene does not encode either a potentially tumorigenic gene product or a toxin molecule and which are produced in the absence of a helper virus. -
Denotations & Old Terminologies Used in Homopathy
Denotations & Old terminologies used in Homopathy Dr Jagathy Murali. Kerala Majority of the students and practitioners in Homeopathy experiencing great difficulty in understanding the meaning of old terminologies in various repertories and materia medicas. Hence this is an attempt to lessen the difficulties of practitioners and students. Acetonemia The presence of acetone bodies in relativly large amounts in blood,manifested at first by erethism,later by progressive depression Acne An inflammatory follucular,papular and pustular eruption involving the sebaceous apparatus Acne rosacea Rosasea;a chronic disease of the skin of the nose,forehead,and cheecks,marked by flushing,followed by red colouration due to dilatation of the capillaries,with the appearance of papules and acne like pustules. Acne simplex Acne vulgaris Acrid Sharp,pungent,biting,irritating Actinomycosis An infectious disease caused by actinomyces,marked by indolent inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes draining the mouth,by inatraperitonial abcess,or by lung abcess due to aspiration. Adenitis Inflammation of a lymph node or of a gland Adenoid vegetations The adenoids, which spring from the vault of the pharynx, form masses varying in size from a small pea to an almond. They may be sessile, with broad bases, or pedunculated. They are reddish in color, of moderate firmness, and contain numerous blood-vessels. "abundant, as a rule, over the vault, on a line with the fossa of the eustachian tube, the growths may lie posterior to the fossa namely, in the depression known as the fossa of rosenmuller, or upon the parts which are parallel to the posterior wall of the pharynx. -
Botulinum Toxin Ricin Toxin Staph Enterotoxin B
Botulinum Toxin Ricin Toxin Staph Enterotoxin B Source Source Source Clostridium botulinum, a large gram- Ricinus communis . seeds commonly called .Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive cocci positive, spore-forming, anaerobic castor beans bacillus Characteristics Characteristics .Appears as grape-like clusters on Characteristics .Toxin can be disseminated in the form of a Gram stain or as small off-white colonies .Grows anaerobically on Blood Agar and liquid, powder or mist on Blood Agar egg yolk plates .Toxin-producing and non-toxigenic strains Pathogenesis of S. aureus will appear morphologically Pathogenesis .A-chain inactivates ribosomes, identical interrupting protein synthesis .Toxin enters nerve terminals and blocks Pathogenesis release of acetylcholine, blocking .B-chain binds to carbohydrate receptors .Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B (SEB) is a neuro-transmission and resulting in on the cell surface and allows toxin superantigen. Toxin binds to human class muscle paralysis complex to enter cell II MHC molecules causing cytokine Toxicity release and system-wide inflammation Toxicity .Highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion Toxicity .Most lethal of all toxic natural substances and injection .Toxic by inhalation or ingestion .Groups A, B, E (rarely F) cause illness in .Less toxic by ingestion due to digestive humans activity and poor absorption Symptoms .Low dermal toxicity .4-10 h post-ingestion, 3-12 h post-inhalation Symptoms .Flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, .24-36 h (up to 3 d for wound botulism) Symptoms headache, myalgia .Progressive skeletal muscle weakness .18-24 h post exposure .Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea .Symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis .Fever, cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, .Nonproductive cough, chest pain, .Can be confused with stroke, Guillain- cyanosis, gastroenteritis and necrosis; and dyspnea Barre syndrome or myasthenia gravis death in ~72 h .SEB can cause toxic shock syndrome + + + Gram stain Lipase on Ricin plant Castor beans S.