DOCSLIB.ORG

A Character Analysis of the North American Potter Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Eumeninae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Character Analysis of the North American Potter Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Eumeninae) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247509646 A character analysis of the North American potter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Eumeninae) Article in Journal of Natural History · October 1985 DOI: 10.1080/00222938500770551 CITATIONS READS 91 446 2 authors: James Michael Carpenter Jeffrey Cumming American Museum of Natural History Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 301 PUBLICATIONS 10,736 CITATIONS 112 PUBLICATIONS 1,695 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Taxonomy View project Vespidae View project All content following this page was uploaded by James Michael Carpenter on 21 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1985, 19:877 916 A character analysis of the North American potter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Eumeninae) JAMES M. CARPENTER and JEFFREY M. CUMMING Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 U.S.A. and Department of Entomology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3 Canada (Accepted 31 July 1984) A cladistic analysis of the nearctic genera of Eumeninae is presented. The ground plan states of 43 character systems are discussed, and the first comprehensive cladogram for any significant portion of the subfamily is presented. At least eight of the 26 genera are apparently nonmonophyletic: Zethus, Montezumia, Euodynerus, Odynerus, Pterocheilus, Stenodynerus, Leptochilus and Microdynerus. A key to the nearctic genera accompanies the text. Downloaded By: [American Museum of Natural History] At: 18:07 31 October 2007 Introduction The Eumeninae is the primary lineage of the Vespidae. Commonly known as potter wasps, they are an abundant and very diverse group, with greater species richness than the remainder of the family. They are common predators in many ecosystems, and various aspects of their behaviour are of interest to evolutionary biologists (Cowan 1979, 1981, Smith and Alcock 1980). But they are relatively unstudied as either potential biological control agents (Bohart et al. 1982) or as subjects addressing important evolutionary questions (Cowan 1978). These areas of investigation require some knowledge of evolutionary relationships in order to be pursued successfully. Progress in Eumeninae is hindered by their higher classification, which has been termed chaotic (Parker 1966). This paper is the first application of cladistic analysis to the Eumeninae. We invest!gate here the phylogenetic importance of characters used by previous authors, as well as new characters. A primary aim is to establish the ground-plan states of the characters for the subfamily as a whole, as well as the various less inclusive groups. This study treats in detail only the nearctic genera. However, it draws upon a study currently underway on the 'stem-group' of the Eumeninae (Zethinae and Raphiglossinae of authors) by the senior author, and the results of a study on the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the Vespidae (Carpenter 1981). Also, together we have now seen representatives of nearly all of the world genera of Eumeninae, and refer to some of them in the discussion of character states as appropriate. Thus, the data base is not limited to the nearctic fauna. The results presented here are a framework upon which a comprehensive generic reclassification can be built when the rest of the world genera have been similarly analysed. Therefore, no nomenclatural changes are made here. However, several unnatural (nonmonophyletic) genera are indicated. 878 J.M. Carpenter and J. M. Cumming Taxonomic history The difficulties in generic classification are caused in part by the diversity and morphological complexity of the group, but are also due in large measure to the history of their taxonomy over the past 45 years. Prior to 1938, few genera were recognized in the Eumeninae. Saussure (1852-1858, Vol. 1 of 'l~tudes') recognized 18 genera of 'Eum6niens' (including Gayella), with Odynerus by far the largest. He divided the latter into four subgenera, thus partly following Wesmael (1836), and further partitioned these into 'divisions'. He similarly recognized divisions in some of the other large genera. In Volume 3 of his 'l~tudes' he introduced names for many of these divisions. Dalla Torre (1904) provided names for those that Saussure did not, but this infrasubgeneric classification was otherwise generally ignored by subsequent workers. Saussure (1875: 148) indicated that the difficulty of classifying the species placed in Odynerus resulted: 'first from the multiplicity of the transitions which almost insensibly ally each form with several others.., it results also from the multitude of details of form'. B1/ithgen (1938 a,b) began a trend of splitting and upgrading of subgenera, by dividing the European species of Odynerus into many genera and subgenera. This innovation was at first strongly resisted by other workers in the group. Bohart (1939b:98), referring to B1/ithgen's treatment of Microdynerus and Leptochilus, criticized it for 'overemphasizing species group differences, and the multiplicity of names which he has added tend to confuse rather than simplify the complex eumenine picture'. Bequaert (1939: 58), although not naming Bliithgen ('a German entomolo- gist'), stated: 'Such a procedure, however, not only leaves out the many annectant species, but it fails as a guide to the study of natural relationships.' Thus both these Downloaded By: [American Museum of Natural History] At: 18:07 31 October 2007 authors echoed Saussure (1875). Nevertheless, Bltithgen's approach was ultimately adopted and applied to other faunae, always on a regional basis. Bohart (1948, 1951) upgraded the taxa he treated as subgenera in 1939, and further genera have been added in the Nearctic by Parker (1965), Snelling (1975) and Bohart (1982,1984). Soika criticized Blfithgen as late as 1953, but eventually adopted and extended the trend of splitting even further, expecially in the Palearctic, Ethiopian and Australian Regions. Van der Vecht (1963) continued this in the Oriental Region. The neotropical fauna has been last to receive such attention. Willink (1967) split Hypodynerus and Soika (1978 b) did the same for Eumenes. Studies currently underway by van der Vecht and others will proceed similarly with the neotropical species currently placed in Odynerus and Ancistrocerus. The value of different characters and their role in generic classification has rarely been specifically discussed in the history of eumenine taxonomy. Saussure ('l~tudes' Vol. 1: xxiii~xvii) gave a discourse on the characters he used in his classification, and many of his interpretations have prevailed to the present (of. Saussure with Kurzenko 1980). Bequaert (1918) regarded the existing generic classification as artificial because the major characters used by Saussure were ill defined or variable. Kurzenko (1980) described directions in the evolution of various characters of Eumeninae, however he did not approach this problem analytically nor did he attempt to relate taxa at the generic level. Thus some of his interpretations are unacceptable (as is his cladogram for the traditional subfamilies using the recurrent veins of the forewing and the mandibles as defining features). The trend of extreme splitting has therefore proceeded without review of the basis for it. This historical development has had some positive results. The extreme subdivision has indeed produced many 'more natural and workable groups' from the 'larger categories" (Parker 1966), and many monophyletic groups have thus been formally Nearctic Eumeninae 879 recognized. However, this is far outweighed by the negative effects. The piecemeal nature of the classification has rendered it nearly incomprehensible to all but specialists in the group. Some 200 genus-group names are currently considered valid in the Eumeninae, but catalogues employing this classification exist only for the Palearctic (van der Vecht and Fischer 1972) and Nearctic (Krombein 1979). Both are now out of date. A comprehensive generic key does not exist even for Europe. Those of Soika (1978 a) and Guichard (1980) omit Paravespa and Cephalochilus, and Tobias and Kurzenko (1978) cover only the European U.S.S.R. The situation for other major areas is much worse. Further, the splitting has resulted in many cases ofparaphyly in the form of residues left in the old 'larger categories'. Bequaert's (1939) statement is today as trenchant as when it was made. Whereas criticism of Blfithgen's approach for not using the species-group category (Parker 1966) may ultimately resolve to a difference of opinion between lumpers and splitters, the paraphyletic taxa and lack of any semblance of a phylogenetic arrangement are much more substantive problems. Not only are these serious obstacles to evolutionary understanding of the Eumeninae, they do not permit the establishment of a truly rational, and so accessible, taxonomy. Methods Cladistic analysis can provide the basis for a more rational classification. As a method of character analysis, the phylogenetic approach is the best means of assessing the significance of the characters previous authors have used to separate genera, or in exploratory analysis of new characters. By distinguishing between less general Downloaded By: [American Museum of Natural History] At: 18:07 31 October 2007 (apomorphic) and more general (plesiomorphic) character states, group-defining characters
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interações Plantas-Visitantes Florais Em Áreas De Restinga: Estrutura E Redes Ecológicas
    INTERAÇÕES PLANTAS-VISITANTES FLORAIS EM ÁREAS DE RESTINGA: ESTRUTURA E REDES ECOLÓGICAS MARIANA SCARAMUSSA DEPRÁ UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO - UENF CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ FEVEREIRO/2018 INTERAÇÕES PLANTAS-VISITANTES FLORAIS EM ÁREAS DE RESTINGA: ESTRUTURA E REDES ECOLÓGICAS MARIANA SCARAMUSSA DEPRÁ “Tese apresentada ao Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais.” Orientadora: Dra. Maria Cristina Gaglianone CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ FEVEREIRO/2018 ii AGRADECIMENTOS À Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro e ao Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais (LCA) pelo apoio logístico para a realização deste trabalho. À Capes pela concessão da bolsa do Programa Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE) realizado na Newcastle University no Reino Unido. À prof.ª Maria Cristina Gaglianone pela confiança e oportunidade de orientação. Ao prof. Darren Evans da Newcatle University no Reino Unido por ter me recebido durante o estágio no exterior pelo PDSE e pelo auxílio nas análises de redes de interações. À Prumo Logística e ao Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA-RJ), pela permissão de trabalho na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Fazenda Caruara; em particular ao Daniel Ferreira do Nascimento pelo auxílio na escolha das áreas de estudo e disponibilização de informações sobre o projeto de plantio de mudas para a restauração. Ao Alan Mattedi, na época bolsista do projeto “Restinga: Conhecer e Conservar” da Fundação Flora de Apoio à Botânica, pelo auxílio na escolha dos pontos amostrais na RPPN Caruara. Ao André Leal e a Cleide Tavares (Omega Energia) pela autorização de trabalho no Parque Eólico de Gargaú.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods
    insects Review A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods in Agroecosystems Kenneth W. McCravy Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-309-298-2160 Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 19 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: Beneficial arthropods provide many important ecosystem services. In agroecosystems, pollination and control of crop pests provide benefits worth billions of dollars annually. Effective sampling and monitoring of these beneficial arthropods is essential for ensuring their short- and long-term viability and effectiveness. There are numerous methods available for sampling beneficial arthropods in a variety of habitats, and these methods can vary in efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper I review active and passive sampling methods for non-Apis bees and arthropod natural enemies of agricultural pests, including methods for sampling flying insects, arthropods on vegetation and in soil and litter environments, and estimation of predation and parasitism rates. Sample sizes, lethal sampling, and the potential usefulness of bycatch are also discussed. Keywords: sampling methodology; bee monitoring; beneficial arthropods; natural enemy monitoring; vane traps; Malaise traps; bowl traps; pitfall traps; insect netting; epigeic arthropod sampling 1. Introduction To sustainably use the Earth’s resources for our benefit, it is essential that we understand the ecology of human-altered systems and the organisms that inhabit them. Agroecosystems include agricultural activities plus living and nonliving components that interact with these activities in a variety of ways. Beneficial arthropods, such as pollinators of crops and natural enemies of arthropod pests and weeds, play important roles in the economic and ecological success of agroecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Pachodynerus Nasidens Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
    1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) Common Name Keyhole wasp Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/142308 Image Library Australian Biosecurity Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/ Partners for Australian Biosecurity image library Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment https://www.awe.gov.au/ Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia https://dpird.wa.gov.au/ Plant Health Australia https://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/ Museums Victoria https://museumsvictoria.com.au/ 2. Species Information 2.1. Details Specimen Contact: Museum Victoria - [email protected] Author: McCaffrey, Sarah & Ken Walker Citation: McCaffrey, Sarah & Ken Walker (2012) Keyhole wasp(Pachodynerus nasidens)Updated on 3/8/2012 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0) 2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/142308 2.3. Facets Commodity Overview: General, Medical & Veterinary Commodity Type: Animal, Invertebrates Distribution: USA and Canada, Australasian - Oceanian, Central and South America Group: Wasps Status: Exotic species - absent from Australia 2.4. Other Names Potter wasp 2.5. Diagnostic Notes _Pachodynerus_ is a fairly large (about 50 species) neotropical and nearctic genus of potter wasps with higher diversity in central South America. At least one species (Pachodynerus nasidens) has been introduced in other biogeographical regions, including several oceanic islands. This genus is most closelly related to the genus Euodynerus. 3. Diagnostic Images India, 24 May 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Warsaw and Mazovia
    POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES • INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY MEMORABILIA ZOOLOGICA MEMORABILIA ZOOL. 36 91— 102 1982 EWA SKIBIŃSKA WASPS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) OF WARSAW AND MAZOVIA ABSTRACT In the Vespidae of Mazovia 42 species have been recorded, including 11 social and 31 solitary wasps. In Warsaw only 14 species have been recorded, which account for 33.3",, of the wasps of Mazovia. They include 7 solitary species (22.5% of the wasps of Mazovia) and 7 social species (63.6°0). In the areas subject to extremely high urban pressure, two social species are almost the only wasps. These ars V. (V.J vulgaris and V. ( V.) germanica. A zoogeographical analysis shows that the proportion of the species with large ranges increased in the town. Wasps occurring in urban green areas mostly include ubiquitous social species and solitary species without specific requirements for nest sites. INTRODUCTION The family of wasps have been studied by few workers in Poland. They mostly prepared faunal lists of wasps or inserted fragmentary data on them in general lists of the Aculeata of a given area. Relatively best known wasps are those living in western Poland, that is, in Silesia, due to the studies carried out by Dittrich [5], in Pomerania, due to the studies by Paul [15], and also in southern Poland, mostly in Little Poland and the Tatra mountains, due to the studies conducted by Wierzejski [22], Niezabitowski [13], Niesiołowski [12], and Drogoszewski [6—8]. The earliest data from Mazovia are given by Nasonov [11], who lists Vespidae from Warsaw and some near localities like Otwock and Gałachy.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Suctorial Proboscis in Pollen Wasps (Masarinae, Vespidae)
    Arthropod Structure & Development 31 (2002) 103–120 www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Evolution of the suctorial proboscis in pollen wasps (Masarinae, Vespidae) Harald W. Krenna,*, Volker Maussb, John Planta aInstitut fu¨r Zoologie, Universita¨t Wien, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria bStaatliches Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Abt. Entomologie, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany Received 7 May 2002; accepted 17 July 2002 Abstract The morphology and functional anatomy of the mouthparts of pollen wasps (Masarinae, Hymenoptera) are examined by dissection, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, supplemented by field observations of flower visiting behavior. This paper focuses on the evolution of the long suctorial proboscis in pollen wasps, which is formed by the glossa, in context with nectar feeding from narrow and deep corolla of flowers. Morphological innovations are described for flower visiting insects, in particular for Masarinae, that are crucial for the production of a long proboscis such as the formation of a closed, air-tight food tube, specializations in the apical intake region, modification of the basal articulation of the glossa, and novel means of retraction, extension and storage of the elongated parts. A cladistic analysis provides a framework to reconstruct the general pathways of proboscis evolution in pollen wasps. The elongation of the proboscis in context with nectar and pollen feeding is discussed for aculeate Hymenoptera. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mouthparts; Flower visiting; Functional anatomy; Morphological innovation; Evolution; Cladistics; Hymenoptera 1. Introduction Some have very long proboscides; however, in contrast to bees, the proboscis is formed only by the glossa and, in Evolution of elongate suctorial mouthparts have some species, it is looped back into the prementum when in occurred separately in several lineages of Hymenoptera in repose (Bradley, 1922; Schremmer, 1961; Richards, 1962; association with uptake of floral nectar.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve
    Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve Arthropods are characterized by having jointed limbs and exoskeletons. They include a diverse assortment of creatures: Insects, spiders, crustaceans (crayfish, crabs, pill bugs), centipedes and millipedes among others. Column Headings Scientific Name: The phenomenal diversity of arthropods, creates numerous difficulties in the determination of species. Positive identification is often achieved only by specialists using obscure monographs to ‘key out’ a species by examining microscopic differences in anatomy. For our purposes in this survey of the fauna, classification at a lower level of resolution still yields valuable information. For instance, knowing that ant lions belong to the Family, Myrmeleontidae, allows us to quickly look them up on the Internet and be confident we are not being fooled by a common name that may also apply to some other, unrelated something. With the Family name firmly in hand, we may explore the natural history of ant lions without needing to know exactly which species we are viewing. In some instances identification is only readily available at an even higher ranking such as Class. Millipedes are in the Class Diplopoda. There are many Orders (O) of millipedes and they are not easily differentiated so this entry is best left at the rank of Class. A great deal of taxonomic reorganization has been occurring lately with advances in DNA analysis pointing out underlying connections and differences that were previously unrealized. For this reason, all other rankings aside from Family, Genus and Species have been omitted from the interior of the tables since many of these ranks are in a state of flux.
    [Show full text]
  • Nesting Biology of Zeta Argillaceum (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) in Southern Florida, U.S
    Matthews & Gonzalez: Nesting Biology 37 NESTING BIOLOGY OF ZETA ARGILLACEUM (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE: EUMENINAE) IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA, U.S. ROBERT W. MATTHEWS AND JORGE M. GONZÁLEZ University of Georgia, Department of Entomology, Athens, GA 30602, USA ABSTRACT Zeta argillaceum (L.), a common neotropical wasp, is established in Florida. The character- istic mud potter-like nests are easily recognized. They prey on geometrid caterpillars. Their nests are reused by various arthropods, forming an ecological web similar to that of other mud dauber wasps. Prey, inquilines, parasites, and scavengers found inside the nests are presented. Key Words: Pachodynerus erynnis, Pachodynerus nasidens, Anthrax sp., Melittobia austral- ica, Anthrenus sp., Macrosiagon sp., Chalybion californicum RESUMEN Zeta argillaceum (L.) es una avispa neotropical muy común y está establecida en Florida. El- las construyen nidos de barro en forma de vasija, fáciles de reconocer. Sus hospedadores son larvas de geométridos. Sus nidos son reutilizados por varios artrópodos y forman una red ecológica similar al de otras avispas constructoras de nidos de barro. Se presentan en este trabajo los hospedadores, inquilinos, parásitos y carroñeros encontrados dentro de los nidos. Translation provided by author. Zeta is a small neotropical eumenine wasp ge- (=Z. argillaceum) in Brazil (Rocha & Raw 1982). nus with 4 species that range from Mexico to Ar- In many aspects the general biology resembled gentina and also Trinidad, in the West Indies that of the related Z. abdominale (Drury) (in some (Bertoni 1934; Bodkin 1917; Callan 1954; Car- cases using its synonym Eumenes colona Saus- penter 1986b, 2002; Carpenter & Garcete-Barrett sure) studied in Jamaica by Freeman & Taffe 2002; Giordani Soika 1975; Martorell & Escalona (1974), Taffe & Ittyieipe (1976), and Taffe (1978, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Bees and Wasps of the East Sussex South Downs
    A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 Abstract For six years between 2003 and 2008, over 100 site visits were made to fifteen chalk grassland and chalk heath sites within the South Downs of Vice-county 14 (East Sussex). This produced a list of 227 bee and wasp species and revealed the comparative frequency of different species, the comparative richness of different sites and provided a basic insight into how many of the species interact with the South Downs at a site and landscape level. The study revealed that, in addition to the character of the semi-natural grasslands present, the bee and wasp fauna is also influenced by the more intensively-managed agricultural landscapes of the Downs, with many species taking advantage of blossoming hedge shrubs, flowery fallow fields, flowery arable field margins, flowering crops such as Rape, plus plants such as buttercups, thistles and dandelions within relatively improved pasture. Some very rare species were encountered, notably the bee Halictus eurygnathus Blüthgen which had not been seen in Britain since 1946. This was eventually recorded at seven sites and was associated with an abundance of Greater Knapweed. The very rare bees Anthophora retusa (Linnaeus) and Andrena niveata Friese were also observed foraging on several dates during their flight periods, providing a better insight into their ecology and conservation requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) in Iran
    J Insect Biodivers Syst 06(1): 27–86 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Monograph http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/084E3072-A417-4949-9826-FB78E91A3F61 Updated Checklist of Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) in Iran Zahra Rahmani1, Ehsan Rakhshani1* & James Michael Carpenter2 1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, P.O. Box 98615-538, I.R. Iran. 2 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA. ABSTRACT. 231 species of the family Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea) of Iran, in 55 genera belonging to 4 subfamilies Eumeninae (45 genera, 184 species), Masarinae (5 genera, 24 species), Polistinae (2 genera, 17 species) and Vespinae (3 genera, 6 species) are listed. An overall assessment of the distribution pattern of the vespid species in Iran indicates a complex fauna of different biogeographic regions. 111 species are found in both Eastern and Western Palaearctic regions, while 67 species were found only in the Eastern Palaearctic region. Few species (14 species – 6.1%) of various genera are known as elements of central and western Asian area and their area of distribution is not known in Europe (West Palaearctic) and in the Far East. The species that were found both in the Oriental and Afrotropical Regions comprises 11.7 and 15.6% the Iranian vespid fauna, respectively. Many species (48, 20.8%) are exclusively recorded from Iran and as yet there is no record of Received: these species from other countries. The highest percentage of the vespid 01 January, 2020 species are recorded from Sistan-o Baluchestan (42 species, 18.2%), Alborz (42 Accepted: species, 18.2%), Fars (39 species, 16.9%) and Tehran provinces (38 Species 17 January, 2020 16.5%), representing the fauna of the Southeastern, North- and South Central Published: of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hymenoptera Collections of Williamedwardshuckard and the Dispersal of His Type Material
    Beitr. Ent. Berlin ISSN 0005-805X 48 (1998) 1 S. 157-174 31.03.1998 The Hymenoptera collections of William Edward Shuckard and the dispersal of his type material With 1 figure D o n a ld B. B a k er Summary An inquiry is made into the dispersal of the Hymenoptera collections formed by WILLIAM EDWARD Shuckard and the survival of his type material. Zusammenfassung Untersucht wird der Verbleib der Hymenopteren-Sammlungen von WILLIAM EDWARD SHUCKARD und seines Typenmaterials. Additional key words T. Desvignes - W.H.L. Walcott - W.W. Saunders - E. Saunders - Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford - Natural History Museum, London - dispersal of some 19th Century entomological collections List of headings Introduction: W illiam Edward Shuckard (1803-1868)........................................................................... 158 Shuckard’s publications on the Hymenoptera:.......................................................................................... 158 Taxonomy: Hymenoptera other than bees................................................................................................. 158 The British Bees, 1866.................................................................................................................................. 159 The dispersal of Shuckard’s Hymenoptera collections.............................................................................. 159 The University Museum of Natural History, Oxford.......................................................................................162 Thomas Desvignes
    [Show full text]
  • Sphecos: a Forum for Aculeate Wasp Researchers
    SPHECOS Number 12 - June 1986 , A Forum for Aculeate Wasp Researchers Arnold S. Menke, Editor , Terry Nuhn, E(lj_torial assistant Systematic Entcnology Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA c/o U. s. National Museum of Natural History \olashington OC 20560 (202) 382 1803 Editor's Ramblings Rolling right along, here is issue 12! Two issues of that wonderful rag called Sphecos for the price of one! This number contains a lot of material on collections, collecting techniques, and collecting reports. Recent literature, including another vespine suppliment by Robin Edwards, rounds off this issue. Again I owe a debt of thanks to Terry Nuhn for typing nearly all of this. Rebecca Friedman and Ludmila Kassianoff helped with some French and Russian translations, respectively. Research News John Wenzel (Snow Entomological Museum, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045) writes: "I am broadly interested in problems of chemical communication, mating behavior, sex ratio, population genetics and social behavior. I am currently working on a review of vespid nest architecture and hope that I can contribute something toward resolution of the relationships of the various genera of the tribe Polybiini. After visiting the MCZ, AMNH and the USNM I conclude that there are rather few specimens of nests in the major museums and I am very interested in hearing from anyone who has photos or reliable notes on nests that are anomolous in form, placement, or otherwise depart from expectations. I am especially interested in seeing some nests or fragments of the brood region of any Polybioides or Parapolybia. Tarlton Rayment Again RAYMENT'S DRAWINGS - ACT 3 by Roger A.
    [Show full text]
  • First European Records of an Alien Paper Wasp: Polistes (Aphanilopterus) Major Palisot De Beauvois, 1818 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Northern Spain
    Zootaxa 3681 (1): 089–092 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3681.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:262A4AAA-30D2-44C7-80EB-DCA59A353D46 First European records of an alien paper wasp: Polistes (Aphanilopterus) major Palisot de Beauvois, 1818 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in northern Spain LEOPOLDO CASTRO1, ANDRÉS ARIAS2 & ANTONIO TORRALBA-BURRIAL3,4 1Av. Sanz Gadea 9-9D, 44002 Teruel, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 2Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33071, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 3Cluster de Energía, Medioambiente y Cambio Climático, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33071, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] The frequency and speed of the transport of goods and passengers have been on the increase for decades, involving a higher rate of introductions of animals and plants to new regions that they were not able to colonise unassisted. In particular, a large number of Hymenoptera have become introduced, either deliberately (for crop pollination purposes or pest control) or unintentionally. No global data are available, but a few regional examples may outline the size of the problem: 286 hymenopteran species are known to have been introduced into Europe (Rasplus et al. 2010), 148 into New Zealand (Landcare Research 2009), 35 into the Galápagos Islands (Causton et al. 2006) and 28 into the Canary Islands (Báez & Oromí 2010). The introduction of vespids has become relatively common worldwide: 33 species are known as introduced, with Hawaii (15 species) and North America (8) as the main host regions (Beggs et al.
    [Show full text]