Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Review of Public Administration and Management Vol. 1 No. 2 ISSN 2315-7844 Nov, 2012 A bi-annual Journal of the Department of Public Adminitration Nnamdi Azikiwe Univeristy, Awka, Nigeria Website: http://reviewofpublicadministration.wordpress.com E-mail:[email protected] i Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Review of Public Administration and Management © Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria Published Nov, 2012 by Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission of the publishers. ii Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Editorial Board Chief Editor: Prof. M.C. Muo, Ph.D, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Managing Editor: Emma E.O. Chukiwuemeka, h.D, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Members: Prof. F.C. Nze, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Prof. J.C. Okoye , Ph.D - Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Prof. Ezimma Nnabuife, Ph.D Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Prof. Chikelue Ofuebe, Ph.D University of Nigeria Nsukka Ngozi Ewuim, Ph.D Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Okey Francis Chikeleze, Ph.D Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu Consulting Editors: Prof. Kunle Awotokun, Ph.D – Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife Prof. Emma Ezeani, Ph.D – University of Nigeria, Nsukka Prof. Ike Ndolo, Ph.D – Enugu State University ofScience and Tech, Enugu Prof. Charles Okigbo, Ph.D – North Dakota State University, United States of America Prof.B.C. Nwankwo, Ph.D – Kogi State University, Ayingba Chukwumerije Okereke, Ph.D, University of Reading, United Kingdom D. Stamatakis , Ph.D– Athens National and Kapodistrian University I.M. Ambe, Ph.D - University of South Africa S. Jabulani, – University of Swaziland iii Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Editorial Comment We are happy to launch the second edition of the Review of Public Administration and Management. It is interesting to note that the Journal has improved significantly, with a website, electronic mail address and International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) in place. The Journal undoubtedly is intended to be a beacon of light to scholars of administration, management, humanities and social sciences. Through extensive research and intensive empirical field studies, the Journal will show Nigeria and other developing states how to survive or how to escape from the scourge of problems buffeting them. Today, myriads of unpredictability face administration, politics, humanities, social sciences and management. The western nations have articulated their responses to the challenges and even simulated and programmed the likely outcome. But for us in the third World especially Nigeria, it seemed that the challenges took us by surprise. It is in keeping with the challenges that the Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka blazed the trail by producing the second edition of the Journal. There is no gainsaying that an examination of the current security challenges in the Country, one may be wont to remark that Nigeria is ‘sitting on a keg of gunpowder’. Politically Nigeria’s nascent democracy has not fared well; the terrain has been shrouded with unprecedented unpredictability. I feel accomplished that these challenges, especially the security challenges and restiveness have been reasonably addressed in the second edition of Review of Public Administration and Management. This is reflected by the quality of manuscripts received from seasoned academics across reputable Nigerian Universities, which we considered necessary to be published in this edition. With deep sense of pleasure and accomplishment, I am pretty certain that you will be very much enriched as you read through this volume. Prof. M.C. Muo, Ph.D Chief Editor iv Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Editorial Policy The Review of Public Administration and Management is a referred Journal that is published by The Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria bi-annually (July and November). The Journal endeavors to provide a forum for researchers, practitioners, students, resource persons and other people in the academia who are interested in the discussion of current and future issues and challenges impacting on the field of Public Administration, Management Sciences, Humanities, Education, Arts and Social Sciences. We adopt double blind peer review policy in which both authors and reviewers are kept anonymous so as to maintain the high technical and quality standards as required by the researchers. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers submitted will be published approximately two months after acceptance. Interested contributors should type their scientific papers on A4 size with wide margins and double line spacing in 12 fonts. It should not exceed 15 pages including the abstract of not more than 250 words. Not more than five keywords should be provided immediately after abstract. The paper should be empirical or theoretical, well researched, and persuasive. Short communications, original research articles, reviews, commentaries and methods could also be considered. Contributors should include: brief profile of the author including institutional affiliation and status, title of paper, abstract, introduction, statement of problem, review of related literature, method of investigation, discussion of findings and recommendations. Authors should include their phone numbers including addresses and e-mail. Manuscripts must be in conformity with the American Psychological Association (APA) documentation style 6th edition. Journal titles should be abbreviated for multiple citations in the same year, a,b,c, should be used immediately following the year of publication. v Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Manuscripts should be submitted in hard copy and soft copy in CD with password clearly indicated. Correspondence should be addressed to the Managing Editor, Review of Public Administration and Management Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State Tel: 08060967169, 08033249488, 08033577153 Email:[email protected] The views expressed in the articles do not reflect that of the Editorial Board but of the author(s) concerned. vi Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 The Contributors Dr. Rosemary anazodo Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka Nigeria Agbionu Tina Department of Business Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Ezinwele Uche Department of Public Administration, Anambra State University, Uli Dr. Ovaga Okey Department of Public dministration, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Echokoba Felix Department of Banking and Finance Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Ezu Gideon Department of of Banking and Finance, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Dr. Florence Agbodike Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Ijeoma Aniemeka Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic, Oko Dr. Onugu Charles Department of Cooperative Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Dr. Ngozi Ewuim Department of Public Administration Unizk Abdulahi Taiwo Department of Cooperative Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka vii Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Dr. Ezeani Nneka Department of Education Foundation and Mgt Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti Ishag Ahme M Department of Business Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Gombe Prof. Ekwueme C.M. Department of Accontancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Dr.Egbunike P.A. Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Amara Okoye Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria Nsukka Dr. Okafor Obiefuna Federal Polytechnic Oko Dr. Nzewi Hope Department of Business Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Dr. Obianuju Chiekezie Department of Business Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Dr. Miachael Ikon Department of Business Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Alfa Patrick Federal Polytechnic , Idah Kogi State Adah George Department of Social Science and Humanities, Federal Polytechnic Idah Kogi State viii Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 Ekwochi Eucharia Department of Business Administration, Enugu State University, Enugu Josephine Orga Department of Business Administration, Enugu State University, Enugu Egbunike Chinedu Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Dr. Udeh F.N. Department of Accountany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Eme Okechukwu Department of Public Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsuikka Nkechi Anyadike Department of Public Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Ohachosim Celestine I Dept of Accountancy, University of Nigeria Nsukka Onwuchekwa Faith Dept. of Business Admin. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Ifeanyi Tochukwu - Federal College of Ed. Tech. Umunze ix Review of Public Administration & Management Vo. 1 No. 2 In this Issue page 1. Parochial Political Culture: The bane of Nigeria Development 1 2. The Socio Economic Implications of Boko Haram