The City of Moscow Street Tree Selection Guide

Home , Acer tataricum, Moscow

Creating Successful Streetscapes for the Future

A Community Forestry Program of the Parks & Recreation Department

2018 3rd edition

Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 1-6

Planting and Tree Care ...... 7-10

Legend ...... 11

Small Trees ...... 12-16

Medium Trees ...... 17-23

Large Trees ...... 24-28

Additional resources ...... 29

Introduction What is a Street Tree?

The Community Forestry program was established to enhance the quality of life in Moscow by promoting the planting, protection, and care of Moscow’s trees. Street trees are a major focus of the program as they provide a multitude of community benefits in terms of economics, the environment, and health.

However, it is important to sustain our community forest for future generations, and this is becoming increasingly problematic with changes in climate and the uncertainty of invasive pests. To this end, tree diversity is necessary for a healthy forest. The more different kinds of trees that are planted, the less vulnerable the overall community forest will be to future environmental events.

This guide provides recommendations for selecting street trees based on the above concepts. Street trees are defined as trees that will be planted along a street right-of-way, within the public domain. Care, maintenance, and obtaining the necessary permits for removals and planting of street trees in the public right of way is the responsibility of the adjacent property owner. This includes costs associated with removal, replacement, pruning, and pest control under Moscow City Code (5-8-10).

The trees listed in this guide book are not meant to be all-inclusive, yet offer many choices. Featured trees were selected based on their adaptability to our climate, resistance to environmental factors, attractiveness, and size range. This guide also highlights: • Benefits of planting large street trees • Undesirable characteristics to avoid for street trees • A flow chart to help you select the best tree for your space • Spacing and location requirements per City code • Planting, watering, and post care tips

The provided information is intended to help ensure your tree’s survival while also promoting sound community forestry practices and adhering to City code. Thank you for assisting our community in maintaining the Tree City USA status and advancing the Community Forestry program.

— Moscow Tree Commission

A Long Term Approach Plant Large Trees

There is an unfortunate trend in cities with urban forests to plant only small trees which can lead to what some call “the dwarfing of the urban forest.” If you reach the recommendation of selecting a tree from the Large Trees section, congratulations– you can help prevent the dwarfing of Moscow’s urban forest!

By planting large trees where adequate space is available, you can help perpetuate the following benefits for future generations: • Provide shade and reduce energy cooling costs for nearby homes • Provide cover and habitat for wildlife • Reduce heat island effect by cooling asphalt and extending pavement life • Reduce storm water runoff • Encourage alternative transport • Improve air quality • Improve property values • Promote physical and mental well being

Ideal locations for large maturing street trees include centered in a planting strip that is more than six feet wide (pictured top left) or on a lawn-attached curb (pictured top right). Be sure to consider the spread of a tree’s branches. Never plant a large tree if overhead wires are present. 2

Selecting the Right Tree for the Right Space Use the flow chart below to help you determine which category to select a tree from. Remember, street tree permits are required for planting a tree in a street right-of- way and can be obtained for free at the Moscow Parks and Recreation office or online. Completed forms can be mailed to Moscow Parks & Recreation, P.O. Box 9203; faxed to 208-883-4512; or delivered in person to 1724 East F. Street.

Once your permit is approved by the Community Forestry Administrator, you may secure your desired tree and plant it. Please call the Parks and Recreation office at 208.883.7100 or 208.883.7084 if you have questions concerning the permit or planning process. Always check for underground utilities by calling 811 at least two business days before you dig.

Street Tree Spacing & Location Requirements You’ve obtained your free street tree permit and have chosen an appropriate tree given your location’s constraints. Use this diagram from the City of Moscow Arboricultural and Specifications Guide, Moscow City Code (5-8-10), for further spacing and location requirements.

Tree Lawn

Detached Sidewalk

Hedges are not Municipal ordinance requires that allowed between the all street trees be planted and sidewalk and the curb maintained to meet public and must be planted requirements. at least 5’ behind the sidewalk.

30’ minimum spacing No tree plantings are allowed within this for large trees 40’ sight triangle. Shrubs shall not exceed 36” in height above street level.

10’ minimum spacing for small trees

Attached Public Right-of-Way (varies) Sidewalk Property Line

Selection of Featured Trees

Selecting a tree for your home or property is one of the most important decisions you can make. Most trees can outlive the people who plant them, therefore the impact of this decision is one that can influence a lifetime.

Trees selected for this guide have the following characteristics that are essential for them to establish and thrive in an urban streetscape: • Drought tolerance • Resistance to serious insect pests and disease • Strong branching and structure • Rounded, oval, upright forms

Not all trees were destined for a street’s right-of-way. The following species are not suitable street trees due to undesirable characteristics.

Species Characteristic

Poplar, Cottonwood, Willow, Maple (Silver Weak branching, high susceptibility to and Box Elder) breakage from wind, ice, and snow

Elm (American and European), Ash (white, Disease and pests (e.g. Dutch Elm Disease green, blue, and black), White-barked Birch and emerald ash borer )

Honey-locust (thorny varieties), Russian- Litter and thorn problems olive, Black walnut, Fruit trees

Evergreens, Multi-stem tree forms, Sweeping branches that obstruct vehicle Weeping forms, Low-spreading forms and pedestrian views

Quaking Aspen, White poplar Invasive spreading from root suckers

Norway Maple Shallow roots that cause buckling and deterioration of sidewalks

Maple (Red, Japanese), Katsura tree Low tolerance to drought

Tree Availability & Cultivars

A major emphasis of this publication is to introduce residents to new species and new cultivars of those species that can thrive in the difficult environment of a streetscape. Many of these featured trees are available at local nurseries, but some may need to be special ordered due to limited inventory. It is hoped that demand from consumers like yourself, coupled with advocacy from the Moscow Tree Commission, will incentivize nurseries and growers into widening their tree inventory.

As you search for a tree that fits your needs, you will see the word cultivar come up in some of the descriptions. A cultivaris a cultivated variety of a species that has been produced in cultivation by selective breeding. This breeding process is targeted at developing a tree with an improved and/or desirable characteristic(s).

Cultivars not only perform better, but are more predictable with growing habits than their species counterpart in aspects like tree form, drought tolerance, flower blooms, pest resistance, etc. An example of a listed cultivar would be Bonfire Sugar Maple, Acer saccharum ‘Bonfire’. In this case Sugar Maple is the species and Bonfire is the name of the cultivar, bred for its wider environmental tolerance and brilliant fall color.

Best Planting Practices Before planting, be sure to have all underground utilities located prior to digging. Use the following steps to help your newly chosen street tree establish itself and thrive in its new environment.

1. Dig a hole at least twice as wide as the spread of the roots or diameter of the root ball, but no deeper than the root ball is tall.

2. Break up the soil outside the root ball. Since roots grow wide and shallow, this will ensure the roots will have an easier time penetrating and growing into the adjacent soil.

3. Planting for different tree types (see pictures below and instructions on the following page for each type):

A. Container Grown B. Bare Root C. Balled & Burlapped

Best Planting Practices A. Container Grown B. Bare Root C. Balled & Burlapped • Remove the tree from the • Keep the bare roots moist • Place the tree in the hole container. If the roots are at all times. so that the top of the root bound in a tight circle, ball is slightly higher than uncoil them. Some roots • Cut away any broken or the surrounding ground. may have to be cut to unhealthy looking roots. loosen the mass. • Adjust the position of the • Construct a 6” to 8” soil tree so that it is straight— • Place the tree in the hole cone at the bottom of the stabilize it by adding soil so that the top of the root hole (see circled area). around the bottom of the ball is slightly higher than ball. Be gentle. the surrounding ground. • Spread the roots evenly over the cone. The soil line • Remove the twine from • Adjust the tree until it is on the trunk should be the trunk. standing straight up and slightly higher than the down. surrounding ground. • Loosen the burlap and cut away the top 1/3 of the • Add soil over the roots burlap and wire basket. until the tree is straight and can stand on its own.

4. Backfill the planting hole with the soil that was originally dug out. When the hole is half filled, lightly tamp the soil around the roots or root ball to stabilize the tree. Add water to settle the soil and remove air pockets. Continue to backfill until hole is filled. Water again until soil is saturated. If the planting site is located on a slope, a raised ring of soil can be made around the hole to create a water-catching basin.

5. Place 2 to 4 inches of mulch (wood chips, bark chips, pine needles, etc.) over the planting site. Mulching provides multiple benefits for successful tree survival, such as improving root growth, conserving soil moisture, moderating soil temperature, reducing competition from weeds and keeping a mower deck away from the young tree trunk.

6. Most planted trees do not need staking. Root systems develop more strongly if the tree is allowed to sway in the wind. Stake the tree only for protection, such as in exposed, windy areas. Use two stakes opposite each and secure with slightly flexible material. Do not use wire or hosing material which can cut and depress into the trunk. Remove after the first year of growth. See the following page for additional guidance if your tree needs to be staked. 8

Best Planting Practices

Use two opposing, flexible ties when staking is necessary. Ties should be placed on the lower half of the tree and allow trunk movement. Keep mulch 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) Gently pack backfill, using back from water to settle soil around

2 to 4 inch (5 to 10 cm) trunk the root ball. layer of mulch Trunk flare

Remove containers, wrappings, wires, and ties. Set ball on firmly packed soil to prevent settling.

Caring for Your Tree

Watering: All trees require supplemental watering for root establishment. Regular watering during the first three years is crucial to your tree’s survival, and periodic, deep watering will help ensure its establishment. It is not recommended to rely solely on rainfall or lawn watering. Use the following guidelines to establish your tree and help it thrive: • Apply water to all areas above growing roots and just beyond planting site radius to encourage root growth. Tree roots have the potential to grow far beyond the drip line, however roots only grow where the soil is moist. Roots do not grow through dry soil.

• Apply enough water to penetrate the soil to a depth of 18” to 24”. This is where a majority of absorbing roots grow.

• Keep the soil around the tree moist, but not wet. Use a garden hose set at a trickle for best results.

• Check how deep the water has penetrated the soil. A metal rod or root feeder shaft will easily penetrate moist soil, but will have a difficult time with dry soil.

• Water at least once a week during the growing season. Adjust as needed to allow for soil type and seasonal condition.

• Water more often during periods of drought and hot weather. Pruning: Limit pruning to the removal of dead, broken, or crossing branches. Remove a branch just outside the branch collar (swollen area between trunk and branch or main stem). Never leave stubs or flush cuts. It is unnecessary and sometimes harmful to apply wound dressing or “tree paint” to the cut area after pruning. During its early growth, a young tree will also need training so that it may develop strongly attached branches.

Fertilizing: It is recommended to not fertilize your tree during the first year after planting. If the tree is showing signs of nutrient deficiency, contact the Community Forestry Administrator for advice.

Insects & Disease: Most problems with newly planted trees can be linked to improper watering, inferior tree stock, or a difficult planting site— insects and disease cause the least problems. Keeping the tree in good health is the best protection against pests. If you suspect that the planted tree is suffering from insects or disease, contact the Community Forestry Administrator.

Legend

The following pages provide you with descriptions of tree species and associated cultivars. Use the provided icons Drought Tolerance below to easily pick out trees that fit the aesthetics for your home and/or property. In cooperation with the City of Moscow’s water conservation initiative, the Tree Commission has focused on listing trees that are adapted to drought and hot weather. The icons to the right show a tree’s tolerance to drought. VT=Very Tolerant, T=Tolerant, M=Moderately Tolerant. Once your tree is established and thriving, use these icons as guides for continued water management.

Tree Shapes

Oval Pyramidal Irregular Vase Spreading Columnar Rounded

Pollinator Friendly Power-Line Friendly Attracts Wildlife

Small Tree Section (25’ & under)

Suitable for areas with less than 4’ wide planting spaces

Good candidates for areas with overhead power lines

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Trident Maple Height: 20’ Foliage: Glossy green pale underside Acer buergerianum Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Orange to red General: A handsome, underutilized tree for confined spaces. Prefers full sun. Can grow in a wide range of soils and urban conditions making it a very desirable tree. Prune low spreading growth to encourage adequate sight Cold Hardiness: -20° F clearance. Rocky Mountain Height: 25’ Foliage: Medium green Maple Spread: 13’ Fall Color: Yellow-orange to red Acer glabrum General: A true Idaho native, this tree is quite shade tolerant, cold hardy, and exhibits attractive reddish twigs and winged seeds. Select or train for single-stem form for street tree. Cold Hardiness: -20° F

Big Tooth Maple Height: 25’ Foliage: Medium green Acer Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Orange-red to red grandidentatum General: This maple is native to the Rocky Mountains including areas within southeastern Idaho. It is a relative of the sugar maple exhibiting a slower growth, excellent drought tolerance and intense fall color. Suitable cultivars of this species include‘ Mesa Glow’. Cold Hardiness: -30° F Tatarian Maple Height: 20’ Foliage: Medium green Acer tataricum Spread: 15’ Fall Color: Yellow to orange-red General: An excellent tree for tough sites, adaptable to dry soil conditions. Flowers are followed by winged samaras (up to 1” long) that turn a showy red in summer/fall as they mature. In addition to the species being appropriate to plant, suitable cultivars include Cold Hardiness: -40° F ‘Pattern Perfect’.

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name American Height: 25’ Foliage: Dark green Hornbeam Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Yellow to bright orange-red Carpinus General: A native tree to the eastern U.S., it is caroliniana slow growing, tolerates wet soils, and grows best in partial shade. The tree develops a smooth gray bark similar to beech. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Native’ and ‘Uxbridge’. Cold Hardiness: -30° F Amur Maackia Height: 25’ Foliage: Medium green Maackia amurensis Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Medium green General: A compact, rounded tree for smaller landscapes. Very cold hardy, grows well in tough environments. Flowers in mid-summer when few others are in bloom. Suitable cultivar includes ‘MaacNificent’. Cold Hardiness: -40° F Pink/Red Flowering Height: 15-25’ Foliage: Green and burgundy Crabapple Spread: 15-25’ Fall Color: Yellow-gold to bronze Malus spp. General: An adaptable tree. Cultivars have excellent disease resistance and form. Flower color ranges from light pink to deep red. Some have attractive, persistent small fruit. Suitable cultivars of this species include: ‘Centurion’, ‘Profusion’, ‘Radiant’, ‘Red Barron’, ‘Rejoice’, Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘Royal Raindrops’, ‘Showtime’, & ‘Velvet Pillar’. White Flowering Height: 15-25’ Foliage: Green Crabapple Spread: 15-25’ Fall Color: Yellow-gold to bronze Malus spp. General: Similar to above, but these cultivars

have pure white flowers. Attracts native pollinators and honey bees, especially in early

spring. Suitable cultivars of this species include: ‘Golden Raindrops’, ‘Harvest Gold’, ‘Marilee’, ‘Professor Sprenger’, ‘Red Jewel’, ‘Snowdrift’, Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘Sparkling Sprite’, ‘Sugar Tyme’, & ‘Tschonoskii’.

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Persian Parrotia Height: 25-30’ Foliage: Green and textured Parrotia persica Spread: 10-20’ Fall Color: Yellow-orange to red General: An interesting tree with unusual form

and texture. Fall color is impressive with a bright mix of various colors. Grows best in full sun. In addition to the species being appropriate to plant, suitable cultivars include: Cold Hardiness: -20° F ‘Persian Spire’, ‘Ruby Vase’, and ‘Vanessa’. Pink Flair Cherry Height: 25’ Foliage: Dark green Prunus sargentii Spread: 15’ Fall Color: Orange-red cultivar‘ JFS-KW58’ General: The hardiest of the flowering ornamental cherries. Its pink blossoms are as spectacular as its fall colors. The tree is an improved cultivar of Sargent Cherry.

Cold Hardiness: -40° F Royal Burgundy Height: 20’ Foliage: Dark purple Cherry Spread: 15’ Fall Color: Scarlet red to bronze purple Prunus serrulta General: Grows best in full sun. This flowering cultivar‘ Royal cherry cultivar exhibits soft pink blossoms set Burgundy’ against rich deep purple foliage each spring. The leaves turn vibrant shades of bright scarlet in the autumn. Cold Hardiness: -20° F Krauter Vesuvius Height: 20’ Foliage: Dark purple Plum Spread: 15’ Fall Color: Dark purple Prunus cerasifera General: An excellent drought tolerant, cultivar‘ Krauter flowering, purple-leaved plum cultivar. It

Vesuvius’ produces a spring bloom of light pink flowers. Maintains strong branching and an upright, rounded form.

Cold Hardiness: -30° F

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Mt. St. Helens Plum Height: 20’ Foliage: Dark purple Prunus cerasifera Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Deep dark purple cultivar General: This cultivar has an improved ‘Frankthrees’ structure that better withstands trunk splitting from strong winds and storms. Light pink flowers grace the top of the tree during the spring. Cold Hardiness: -30° F Ivory Silk Japanese Height: 25’ Foliage: Dark green Tree Lilac Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Dark green to yellow-brown Syringa reticulata General: A tree form of the lilacs. Showy, cultivar‘ Ivory Silk’ fragrant, creamy white flowers bloom in upright panicles to 12” long in early summer. Select single stem specimens and plant in full sun for best results. Cold Hardiness: -40° F Japanese Zelkova Height: 25’ Foliage: Bright green and finely textured Zelkova serrata Spread: 18-36’ Fall Color: Yellow General: Compact and semi-dwarf, this is an excellent tree for tight spaces in the landscape.

Similar in appearance to the American elm. Grows at a medium rate and has exfoliating bark. Suitable cultivars of this species include

‘City Sprite’ and ‘Wireless’. *Please note that there are additional cultivars of this species Cold Hardiness: -20° F listed under the Large Tree section.*

Medium Tree Section (26’ to 50’)

Suitable for areas with 4’ to 6’ wide planting spaces

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Miyabei Maple Height: 50’ Foliage: Dark green Acer miyabei Spread: 40’ Fall Color: Yellow General: A tough, adaptable tree. Exhibits deeply furrowed corky bark and has shown excellent heat and drought tolerance. Suitable cultivars of this species include‘ Rugged Ridge’ & Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘State Street’. Greencolumn Height: 45’ Foliage: Light green Maple Spread: 15’ Fall Color: Yellow to apricot orange Acer nigrum General: This upright, black maple cultivar can cultivar fit into tight street spaces. Similar looking to

‘Greencolumn’ Sugar Maple, but more heat and drought tolerant. Will grow in narrow spaces and displays excellent fall color. As with all maples, its flowers

give way to winged samaras. Cold Hardiness: -30° F Sugar Maple Height: 50’ Foliage: Medium to dark green Acer saccharum Spread: 40’ Fall Color: Orange to red General: A tree with good tolerance for cold and drought. Tree forms also include oval and

columnar shapes. Canopy provides good shade. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Autumn Fest’, ‘Autumn Splendor’, ‘Bonfire’,

‘Commemoration’, ‘Endowment’, ‘Legacy’, & Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘Northern Flare’. Sunset Maple Height: 35’ Foliage: Glossy green and deep purple Acer truncatum x Spread: 25’ Fall Color: Yellow-orange to maroon to reddish- platanoides bronze General: A cross between a small Asian maple and the Norway maple, its best qualities include fall color, heat tolerance, and nice branch structure. Suitable cultivars of this species Cold Hardiness: -30° F include ‘Norwegian Crimson’ & ‘Urban’.

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Briotii Red Height: 27’ Foliage: Dark green Horsechestnut Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Yellow to brown Aesculus carnea General: Has striking rose-red, cone-shaped cultivar‘ Briotii’ flower clusters that bloom in May. Low hanging limbs should be pruned to allow for sight clearance.

Cold Hardiness: -30° F Snowcloud Height: 28’ Foliage: Dark green Serviceberry Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Scarlet Amelanchier laevis General: This cultivar of a popular shrub is cultivar‘ Snowcloud’ selected for its single stem and upright tree form. Foliage exhibits a red tint in spring while clusters of white flowers cover its crown. Birds enjoy a feast of purplish blue berries in late Cold Hardiness: -30° F summer. European Height: 45’ Foliage: Dark green Hornbeam Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Yellow Carpinus betulus General: Tree features include heat and drought resistance and an upright, symmetrical, formal appearance. It holds its color well through hot, summer days. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Emerald Avenue’, ‘Fastigiata’, and ‘Native Flame’. ‘Fastigiata’ is narrow when young Cold Hardiness: -30° F but later widens to a dense oval shape. Yellowwood Height: 40’ Foliage: Bright green Cladrastis kentukea Spread: 40’ Fall Color: Yellow General: An urban tolerant tree that can withstand alkaline soils and has very few pests. Displays showy cascades of fragrant, white blooms in spring. Flowers are a significant source of nectar for bees. Cold Hardiness: -20° F

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Turkish Filbert Height: 40’ Foliage: Green Corylus colurna Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Yellow General: Once established after several years of supplemental watering, this tree becomes quite drought tolerant. Remains green and vigorous when other trees are showing signs of drought/ scorch. It is relatively free of insect or disease Cold Hardiness: -30° F problems. The nuts are edible. Tricolor European Height: 30’ Foliage: Varigated purple Beech Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Copper Fagus sylvatica General: The colorful foliage of this tree is its ‘Roseomarginata’ main attraction. Purple leaves have irregular rose and pinkish white margins. It performs best when growing in locations favored by indirect Cold Hardiness: -20° F light. Ginkgo Height: 50’ Foliage: Bright green & fan shaped Ginkgo biloba Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Bright yellow General: A slow-growing, durable tree for difficult environments. Select and plant only male trees as the fruit from female trees has an unpleasant odor. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Autumn Gold’, ‘Golden Colonnade’, Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘Magya’, ‘The President’, & ‘Princeton Sentry’. Goldenraintree Height: 35’ Foliage: Medium green Koelreuteria Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Yellow paniculata General: Native to China, Japan, and Korea. Extremely drought tolerant, it thrives in tough urban environments and an astonishingly wide range of soil conditions. Known for its footlong clusters of yellow flowers that appear in summer, one of just a few trees to flower at such a time. Fruit are air-filled capsules resembling Cold Hardiness: -20° F Japanese lanterns.

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Black Tupelo Height: 30-45’ Foliage: Dark green and glossy Nyssa sylvatica Spread: 20-25’ Fall Color: Bright scarlet General: Young trees have pyramidal shape with horizontal branches & a straight trunk. Also has an oval form. Tolerant of drought and compacted soils. Flowers provide bees food in early to late spring. Cultivars are seedless. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Firestarter’, ‘Green Gable’, Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘Gum Drop’, & ‘Red Rage’. American Height: 40’ Foliage: Dark green Hophornbeam Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Yellow Ostrya virginiana General: Pest resistance, drought tolerance, and a strong structure are qualities found on this tree. Prune low drooping branches to provide sight clearance. The fruit, a nutlet, resembles the fruit of hops, hence the name, Hophornbeam. In addition to the species being appropriate to plant, Suitable cultivars include ‘Autumn Cold Hardiness: -40° F Treasure’. Cork Tree Height: 30-45’ Foliage: Medium green Phellodendron Spread: 30-50’ Fall Color: Yellow amurense General: Recommended cultivars of this tree have more durable upright forms and are seedless. The species should be avoided for street tree planting due to a low spreading crown and messy fruit. Older trees have deeply ridged and furrowed bark. Suitable cultivars of this Cold Hardiness: -30° F species include ‘Eye Stopper’ & ‘His Majesty’. Sargent Cherry Height: 40’ Foliage: Dark green Prunus sargentii Spread: 35’ Fall Color: Bronze-orange to orange-red General: Native to Japan, this tree is hardier than other Japanese cherries. Also has rounded form. Single flowers are pink and bloom in spring. Other attractive features include a rich, polished, mahogany colored bark. Suitable cultivars of this Cold Hardiness: -30° F species include ‘Columnaris’. 21

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Aristocrat Pear Height: 30’ Foliage: Dark green and glossy Pyrus calleryanna Spread: 20’ Fall Color: Deep red cultivar General: ‘Aristocrat’ is the only ornamental pear ‘Aristocrat’ cultivar recommended for planting as it's structure is more resistant to storm breakage. Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions, including heavy clays. Displays creamy white flowers in the spring, completely covering the tree. Cold Hardiness: -30° F Swamp White Height: 50’ Foliage: Green Oak Spread: 50’ Fall Color: Yellow-brown to reddish Quercus bicolor General: A tough oak for our area. Tolerant of urban conditions including soil compaction, wet soils and drought. Popular with wildlife due to its acorns. Features include attractive peeling bark, especially on young trees, and leaves with wavy margins.

Cold Hardiness: -30° F Prairie Statue Height: 45’ Foliage: Dark green Oak Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Yellow-orange to red Quercus x General: A cold-hardy hybrid of English Oak and bimundorum White Oak. Its fall color is an attractive feature cultivar along with its broad, pyramidal form. ‘Midwest’

Cold Hardiness: -40° F Shingle Oak Height: 50’ Foliage: Dark green and glossy Quercus Spread: 50’ Fall Color: Yellow to rusty red imbricaria General: This tree is not easily recognized as an oak due to its willow-like, un-lobed leaves. Because of its very strong wood, it is not subject to storm damage. The leaves often persist through winter and assist with screening or wind protection. Cold Hardiness: -20° F 22

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Skymaster English Height: 50’ Foliage: Dark green Oak Spread: 25’ Fall Color: Yellow-brown Quercus robur General: A beautiful English oak cultivar that is cultivar‘ Pyramich’ narrow when young becoming pyramidal-shaped with age. It maintains a strong central leader as it matures. Exceptionally drought tolerant once Cold Hardiness: -20° F established. English-White Oak Height: 45’ Foliage: Dark green Quercus robur x Spread: 15-35’ Fall Color: Orange-red and rusty red alba General: Selections have strong upright growth and tolerate harsh, urban conditions. Also has a columnar form. A good tree to plant when above ground space may be limited. Suitable cultivars of Cold Hardiness: -30° F this species include ‘Forest Knight’ & ‘Streetspire’. American Linden Height: 35-50’ Foliage: Medium green and heart-shaped Tilia americana Spread: 20-35’ Fall Color: Yellow General: Listed cultivars have more of an upright form than the species. Flowers are a significant source of nectar for bees. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘American Sentry’, ‘Boulevard’, Cold Hardiness: -40° F ‘Continental Appeal’, & ‘Legend’. Silver Linden Height: 45’ Foliage: Green with pale underside Tilia tomentosa Spread: 35’ Fall Color: Yellow General: Yellow-white fragrant flowers are a good food source for pollinators. In addition to the species being appropriate to plant suitable cultivars include‘ Green Mountain’ & ‘Sterling’. Cold Hardiness: -20° F New Horizon Elm Height: 45’ Foliage: Dark green Ulmus cultivar Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Yellow ‘New Horizon’ General: Resistant to Dutch elm disease. Smaller in stature than other elm cultivars. Foliage take on a rusty-red tint in fall. Branches are slightly arching. Cold Hardiness: -30° F

Large Tree Section (50’ & over)

Suitable for areas that are 6’ wide or greater

Good candidates for areas with no overhead power lines or sight clearance issues

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Hackberry Height: 55’ Foliage: Medium green Celtis occidentalis Spread: 35’ Fall Color: Yellow General: Listed cultivars are well-adapted to tough urban conditions. Corky ridges form on trunk and branches. Fruit is persistent and is popular with winter birds. Tree also attracts many butterfly species. ‘Magnifica’ cultivar develops a large, arching canopy similar to an elm. Suitable cultivars of this species include Cold Hardiness: -40° F ’Magnifica’, ‘Prairie Pride’, & ‘Prairie Sentinel’. Thornless Height: 60’ Foliage: Medium green Honeylocust Spread: 40’ Fall Color: Yellow Gleditsia General: An adaptable tree that can grow in a triacanthos variety of conditions. Develops an airy crown variety inermis providing dappled shade that allows grass to grow beneath. Foliage is finely texture. Cultivars are thornless and seedless. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Imperial’, ‘Shademaster’, Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘Skyline’ & ‘Street Keeper’. Kentucky Height: 50-60’ Foliage: Green Coffeetree Spread: 30-40’ Fall Color: Yellow Gymnocladus General: It has a high tolerance to drought, dioicus difficult soils, and other urban stresses. Plant seedless, male cultivars to avoid messy fruit. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Espresso’, ‘JC McDaniel’, ‘Prairie Titan’, & Cold Hardiness: -30° F ‘Stately Manor’. London Planetree Height: 60-75’ Foliage: Medium green Platanus x Spread: 50-70’ Fall Color: Yellow-brown acerifolia General: This tree is a hybrid of the American Sycamore and an Asian Planetree. Like sycamore, this tree has mottled, peeling bark. Listed cultivars show good resistance to anthracnose, a damaging fungal disease. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Bloodgood’, ‘Columbia’, Cold Hardiness: -20° F ‘Exclamation’, ‘Liberty’, ‘Ovation’, & ‘Yarwood’.

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Forest Green Oak Height: 60’ Foliage: Deep green and glossy Quercus frainetto Spread: 50’ Fall Color: Yellow to brown cultivar‘ Schmidt’ General: Traits include drought tolerant and urban adaptability. Its strong central trunk gives it a stately and symmetrical appearance, having earned the title as one of the best looking trees of summer. Foliage has deeply lobed leaves.

Cold Hardiness: -20° F Urban Pinnacle Height: 55’ Foliage: Dark green and glossy Oak Spread: 30’ Fall Color: Yellow Quercus General: This cultivar of the large, spreading Bur macrocarpa Oak is recommended for street tree planting due cultivar‘ JFS-KW3’ to its upright, oval form and petite acorns. Like its parentage, this tree exhibits exceptional tolerance for droughty conditions.

Cold Hardiness: -40° F Chinkapin Oak Height: 60’ Foliage: Dark green Quercus Spread: 50’ Fall Color: Yellow to yellow-brown muehlenbergii General: Native to the eastern U.S., one of many oaks suitable for streetscapes. Flowers are borne separately on the same tree in April and May. Male flowers are clusters of hanging catkins. Female flowers are inconspicuous tiny spikes found in the axils of new leaves. Cold Hardiness: -20° F Red Oak Height: 65’ Foliage: Dark green Quercus rubra Spread: 50’ Fall Color: Red General: A good street tree that performs quite well in the city environment, tolerating the most difficult sites, including those with compacted soils. Has a medium to fast growth rate. Provides food and shelter for many types of wildlife. Cold Hardiness: -40° F

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Shumard Oak Height: 55’ Foliage: Dark green Quercus shumardii Spread: 40’ Fall Color: Red General: Similar to the red oak, this adaptable tree has been successfully grown in the toughest of environments. Performs well in places where other oaks perform poorly. Makes a dramatic fall statement, with leaves turning brilliant red to red- Cold Hardiness: -20° F orange. Bald Cypress Height: 60’ Foliage: Bright green Taxodium Spread: 20-30’ Fall Color: Rusty orange distichum General: Unlike most cone-bearing trees, Bald Cypress loses its needles each winter and grows a new set in spring. Needles are lacey and one of its outstanding characteristics. Hardy and tough, this tree will adapt to a wide range of soil types and conditions. In addition to the species being appropriate to plant, suitable cultivars include ‘Shawnee Brave’. Cold Hardiness: -30° F American Elm Height: 60-70’ Foliage: Dark green Ulmus americana Spread: 50’ Fall Color: Yellow General: Listed cultivars show very good resistance to Dutch elm disease. The graceful, stately shape of the species American Elm is still evident in these selections. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Jefferson’, ‘New Harmony’, Cold Hardiness: -30° F and ‘Princeton’. Accolade Elm Height: 60’ Foliage: Dark green and glossy Ulmus davidiana Spread: 40’ Fall Color: Yellow variety japonica General: This selection was bred by crossing cultivar‘ Morton’ various American, European, and Asian elm species. It is resistant to Dutch elm disease. Introduced by the Morton Arboretum in Chicago. Maintains most of the features of the American Cold Hardiness: -30° F elm, yet grows somewhat more compact.

Common Name Growth & Mature Size Characteristics Scientific Name Triumph Elm Height: 60’ Foliage: Dark green and glossy Ulmus cultivar Spread: 40’ Fall Color: Yellow ‘Morton Glossy’ General: Strong, upright branching makes this elm cultivar easy to train for good structure when young. Softly arching branches develop as the tree matures. This tree has very good resistance to Dutch elm disease and good drought Cold Hardiness: -30° F tolerance. Japanese Zelkova Height: 45-60’ Foliage: Green Zelkova serrata Spread: 30-40’ Fall Color: Orange, rusty red, or yellow General: Cultivars of the species tend to grow more upright, yet still retain the desired vase shape. Showy fall colors, a graceful shape, cold hardiness, and drought tolerance characterize some of their best attributes. Especially appealing is their smooth gray bark which exfoliates with age to reveal an orange-brown inner bark. Suitable cultivars of this species include ‘Green Vase’, ‘Musachino Columnar’, & ‘Village Green’. *Please note that there are additional cultivars of this species listed under the Small Tree Cold Hardiness: -20° F section.*

Additional Resources

Moscow has received the National Arbor Day Foundation’s Tree City USA Award and Tree City USA Growth Award for excellence in community forestry management.

Parks & Recreation | Community Forestry Program Phone: 208.883.7100 Address: 650 North Van Buren Street, Moscow, ID 83843 Website: www.ci.moscow.id.us/parks-rec/Pages/community-forestry.aspx

Moscow Tree Commission Phone: 208.883.7098 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ci.moscow.id.us/commissions/Pages/tree.aspx

University of Idaho Extension Forestry Phone: 208.885.7718 Email: [email protected] Website: www.uidaho.edu/extension/forestry

Idaho Department of Lands | Community Forestry Program Coeur d’Alene Staff Office Phone: 208.769.1525 Website: www.idl.idaho.gov/forestry/community-forestry/index.html