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Barbacoas, Municipio De Yondó, Antioquia SUSTENTO PARA LA DECLARATORIA DE UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA PÚBLICA EN LAS CIÉNAGAS DE BARBACOAS, MUNICIPIO DE YONDÓ, ANTIOQUIA Convenio Nº 1004 entre la Fundación Fundación Biodiversa Colombia Biodiversa Colombia y The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Fundación Biodiversa Colombia 1 SUSTENTO PARA LA DECLARATORIA DE UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA PÚBLICA EN LAS CIÉNAGAS DE BARBACOAS, MUNICIPIO DE YONDÓ, ANTIOQUIA © 2014. Primera Edición. Fundación Biodiversa Colombia INVESTIGADORES Dafna Camila Angel-Escobar Bióloga, MSc. Ciencias ambientales Susana Rodríguez-Buriticá Bióloga, Ph.D. Ecología y Conservación María Camila Buitrago-Grisales Administradora del Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales FOTOGRAFÍAS Portada: Fernando Arbeláez MSc. Contraportada: Catalina Giraldo, MFA. Fundación Biodiversa Colombia 2 SUSTENTO PARA LA DECLARATORIA DE UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA PÚBLICA EN LAS CIÉNAGAS DE BARBACOAS, MUNICIPIO DE YONDÓ, ANTIOQUIA TABLA DE CONTENIDO 0. INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................... 7 1. LOCALIZACIÓN GENERAL DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ........................................... 8 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA PROPUESTA ................................................... 11 2.1 CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOFÍSICA..................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Geología .................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Geomorfología ........................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Hidrología .................................................................................................. 14 2.1.4 Suelos ........................................................................................................ 16 2.1.5 Clima .......................................................................................................... 18 2.1.6 Biomas, ecosistemas y zonas de vida ....................................................... 18 2.1.7 Flora ........................................................................................................... 22 2.1.8 Fauna ......................................................................................................... 27 2.2 CARACTERIZACIÓN SOCIOECONÓMICA Y CULTURAL ............................. 43 2.2.1 Proceso histórico de poblamiento de la zona ............................................ 43 2.2.2 Población asentada en el Complejo Cenagoso Barbacoas ....................... 44 2.2.3 Actividades económicas ............................................................................ 47 2.2.4 Organizaciones comunitarias locales ......................................................... 49 2.2.5 Otros actores con interés en la declaratoria .............................................. 52 2.3 COBERTURAS VEGETALES Y USOS DEL SUELO ....................................... 53 2.3.1 Análisis histórico del cambio de coberturas vegetales ............................... 53 2.3.2 Uso actual del suelo y coberturas vegetales .............................................. 59 2.3.3 Uso potencial del suelo: “el deber ser” ....................................................... 65 2.3.4 Conflictos de uso ....................................................................................... 67 3. OBJETIVOS DE CONSERVACIÓN ....................................................................... 70 4. PRESIONES .......................................................................................................... 74 4.1 PRESIONES SOBRE EL ÁREA PROTEGIDA ................................................. 75 4.2 PRESIONES SOBRE LOS OBJETOS DE CONSERVACIÓN ......................... 79 5. JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA DECLARATORIA ............................................................ 80 5.1 CRITERIOS BIOFÍSICOS: ................................................................................... 81 5.2 CRITERIOS SOCIOECONÓMICOS Y CULTURALES: ....................................... 82 6. DELIMITACIÓN DEL ÁREA PROTEGIDA PROPUESTA ...................................... 83 7. CATEGORÍA DE ÁREA PROTEGIDA PROPUESTA ............................................ 86 7.1 DISTRITO DE MANEJO INTEGRADO (DMI) ................................................... 88 7.2 DISTRITO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE SUELOS (DCS) .................................... 89 7.3 COMPARACIÓN DE LAS CATEGORÍAS SELECCIONADAS ......................... 90 Fundación Biodiversa Colombia 3 SUSTENTO PARA LA DECLARATORIA DE UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA PÚBLICA EN LAS CIÉNAGAS DE BARBACOAS, MUNICIPIO DE YONDÓ, ANTIOQUIA 8. ANÁLISIS JURÍDICO SECTORIAL ........................................................................ 90 8.1 MARCO CONSTITUCIONAL Y POLÍTICO PARA LA CREACIÓN DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS .............................................................................................. 90 8.1.1 Las Políticas............................................................................................... 92 8.1.2 Las Leyes .................................................................................................. 94 8.2 RUTA PARA LA DECLARATORIA DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS ....................... 97 8.3 IMPLICACIONES DE LA DECLARATORIA DEL ÁREA PROTEGIDA PARA LOS DUEÑOS DE LA TIERRA Y LAS COMUNIDADES LOCALES ............... 99 8.3.1 Implicaciones de los suelos de protección ambiental .............................. 101 8.3.2 Implicaciones de la declaratoria de un Distrito de Manejo Integrado (DMI) y de un Distrito de Conservación de Suelos (DCS) ................................................. 103 8.4 LOS ACTORES LOCALES FRENTE A LA DECLARATORIA ........................ 104 8.5 ANÁLISIS DE TENENCIA DE LA TIERRA EN LA ZONA PROPUESTA. ....... 105 9. HERRAMIENTAS DE MANEJO PARA EL ÁREA ................................................ 108 9.1 PROTECCIÓN Y RESTAURACIÓN DE COBERTURAS NATURALES ......... 110 9.1.1 Ordenamiento y zonificación del territorio ................................................ 110 9.1.2 Enriquecimiento de bosque natural y ampliación de parches de bosque 112 9.1.3 Parches dendroenergéticos ..................................................................... 114 9.1.4 Banco de proteínas .................................................................................. 115 9.2 INCREMENTO DE LA CONECTIVIDAD DE FRAGMENTOS DE BOSQUE .................................................................................................................. 116 9.2.1 Corredores biológicos y cercas vivas ....................................................... 116 9.2.2 Árboles dispersos .................................................................................... 117 9.3 SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS SOSTENIBLES ................................................ 117 9.3.1 Sistemas silvopastoriles ........................................................................... 118 9.3.2 Sistemas agroforestales .......................................................................... 122 9.3.3 Manejo del recurso pesquero .................................................................. 123 9.4 MECANISMOS ECONÓMICOS-FINANCIEROS, JURÍDICOS, INSTITUCIONALES Y/O AUTOGESTIÓN ............................................................... 124 9.4.1 Exención tributaria de impuesto predial ................................................... 125 9.4.2 Financiación del establecimiento de la herramienta de manejo ............... 125 9.4.3 Servidumbres ecológicas ......................................................................... 125 9.4.4 Mesa interinstitucional y comité de co-manejo......................................... 126 9.4.5 Ecoturismo ............................................................................................... 126 9.4.6 Otros instrumentos económicos y de financiación ambiental .................. 127 10. BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................................. 128 11. ANEXOS ............................................................................................................ 133 Fundación Biodiversa Colombia 4 SUSTENTO PARA LA DECLARATORIA DE UN ÁREA PROTEGIDA PÚBLICA EN LAS CIÉNAGAS DE BARBACOAS, MUNICIPIO DE YONDÓ, ANTIOQUIA NDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1. Hectáreas unidades geológicas del Complejo Cenagosos Barbacoas ........................................... 11 Tabla 2. Hectáreas Unidades Geomorfológicas del Complejo Cenagoso Barbacoas. ................................. 13 Tabla 3 Parámetros geométricos de la subcuenca sur .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Tabla 4 Ecosistemas agrupados en el bioma Zonobioma Húmedo Tropical del Magdalena y Caribe (ZHTMC) y su área en relación a la jurisdicción de Corantioquia. ............................................................... 19 Tabla 5. Ecosistemas agrupados en el bioma Helobioma del Magdalena y Caribe (HMC) y área en relación a la jurisdicción de Corantioquia ................................................................................................................. 20 Tabla 6. Vegetación representativa del bosque maduro. ........................................................................... 22 Tabla 7. Vegetación representativa del bosque secundario. ..................................................................... 24 Tabla 8. Vegetación representativa de potreros. ........................................................................................ 24 Tabla 9. Vegetación de ciénaga. .................................................................................................................
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