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Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Sciences

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Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Sciences :i INFORMATION RESOURCES ON THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE UK A CRITICAL SURVEY OF COLLECTIONS. USERS AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES By AREF MAXOOI Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Sciences. School of Library Archive and Information Studies University College London October 1994 iBL. L NDL U Y. 2 ABSTRACT The thesis comprises 5 chapters, including the conclusion. The first chapter is a review of the history of Middle Eastern studies and relevant collections in the UK together with an account of the four official reports commissioned by the UK Government on Oriental and African Studies in the UK. The second chapter is an account of a questionnaire based survey of Middle Eastern collections in the UK, which looks at 62 collections. The third chapter is a social survey, based on questionnaires and interviews on the information needs of library users in the UK with Middle Eastern interests. The fourth chapter is a statistical analysis of certain bibliographical tools on the Middle East (English) and in Middle Eastern languages. Following these analyses the findings from chapter 2 on collections, chapter 3 on users, and chapter 4 on bibliographical sources are compared in order to investigate the correlations between these elements. Having demonstrated the particular significance of the collection of libraries specialising in the Middle East to the conduct of Middle Eastern studies in the UK, ways in which the collections and services of these libraries might be improved are examined. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ABSTRACT 2 PREFACE 9 INTRODUCTION 11 SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS 17 FIRST CHAPTER 18 SECOND CHAPTER 19 THIRD CHAPTER 20 FOURTH CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 1; A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF MIDDLE EASTERN 25 STUDIES AND RELATED COLLECTIONS IN THE UK 1. INTRODUCTION 26 1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND 26 MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES 1.2 SOME PROBLEMS IN MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES 28 1.3 A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF MIDDLE EASTERN 29 STUDIES IN BRITAIN 1.4 OFFICIAL REPORTS ON ORIENTAL AND 36 AFRICAN STUDIES IN THE UK 1.4.1 ThE REAY REPORT 1909 36 1.4.2 ThE SCARBROUGH REPORT 1947 41 1.4.3 THE HAYTER REPORT 1961 43 1.4.4 THE PARKER REPORT 1986 48 1.4.5 POST-PARKER REPORT 55 1.5 1990s A NEW WORLD ORDER 56 CHAPTER 2; A SURVEY OF MIDDLE EASTERN 58 COLLECTIONS IN THE UK 2. INTRODUCTION 59 2.1. METHODOLOGY 59 2.1.2 REPLIES 60 2.1.3 SECOND SCHEME 61 2.1.4 RESPONSES 61 2.1.5 INVALID RESPONSES 62 2.1.6 PROBLEMS 62 2.1.7 RATE OF SUCCESS 63 2.2 RESULTS FROM ThE SURVEY 63 2.2.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLLECTIONS SURVEYED 63 2.2.2 AREA SPREAD 63 2.2.3 TYPE OF COLLECTION 67 2.2.4 DATE OF THE COLLECTIONS 71 2.2.5 REGULATION OF ADMITI'ANCE 73 2.2.6 NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS SPECIFICALLY 74 IN CHARGE OF ThE COLLECTIONS 4 2.2.7 LIBRARIANS' QUALIFICATION(S) 76 2.2.8 LIBRARIANS' KNOWLEDGE OF MIDDLE EASTERN LANGUAGES 76 2.2.9 TYPE OF MATERIALS AND SIZE OF COLLECTIONS 78 2.2.9.1 BOOKS 78 2.2.9.2 PERIODICALS 80 2.2.9.3 OTHER MATERIALS 81 2.2.10.1 LANGUAGE COVERAGE AND SIZE OF - 82 THE COLLECTIONS: BOOKS 2.2.10.2 LANGUAGE COVERAGE AND SIZE OF 85 ThE COLLECTIONS: PERIODICALS 2.2.10.3 LANGUAGE COVERAGE AND SIZE OF 86 THE COLLECTIONS: OTHER MATERIALS 2.2.11 SUBJECT COVERAGE OF COLLECTIONS 86 2.2.12 CATALOGUES 91 2.2.13 TECHNICAL PROCESSING POLICIES 93 2.2.14 UNION CATALOGUES 95 2.2.15 ACCESSION LISTS 97 2.3 NEW CASES 97 2.3.1 ANCIENT INDIA AND IRAN TRUST 98 2.3.2 TURKISH COMMUNITY CENTRE 98 2.3.3 IRANIAN COMMUNITY CENTRE 99 2.3 .4 SAUDI ARABIAN INFORMATION CENTRE 100 2.3.5 AL-FURQAN ISLAMIC HERITAGE FOUNDATION LIBRARY 101 2.3.6 INFORMATION OFFICE QATAR EMBASSY & 101 EDUCATIONAL COUNSELLOR'S OFFICE TURKISH EMBASSY 2.3.7 BRITISH REFUGEE COUNCIL (BRC) 101 RESOURCE CENTRE LIBRARY 2.3.8 THE MIDDLE EAST ASSOCIATION INFORMATION OFFICE 102 2.3.9 PROBLEMS OBSERVED WITh NEW CASES' COLLECTIONS 103 CliAPTER 3; USER SURVEY OF MIDDLE EASTERN COLLATIONS 104 3. INTRODUCTION 105 3.1 SELECTION OF INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNIQUES OF SURVEY 105 3.1.2 QUESTIONS 106 3.1.3 PROBLEMS IN CONDUCTING THE SURVEY 108 3.2 A LEARNED SOCIETY: THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR MIDDLE 109 EASTERN STUDIES 3.2.1 ADMINISTRATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND RESULTS 110 OF THE ANALYSIS 3.2.2 POSITION! ACTIVITIES 110 3.2.3 LANGUAGE 111 3.2.4 SUBJECT 111 3.2.5 LIBRARIES USED 113 3.2.6 METHODS OF UPDATING 115 3.2.7 SOURCES USED FOR UPDATING 116 3.2.8 ADEQUACY OF SOURCES 116 3.2.9 COMMENTS 117 3.2.10 INITIAL CONCLUSION 117 3.3 AN ACADEMIC COLLECTION: USERS OF SOAS LIBRARY 119 3.3.1 NATURE OF INTEREST 120 3.3.2 ORGANISATION 120 3.3.3 FREQUENCY OF USING THE LIBRARY 120 3.3.4 LIBRARY TOUR 121 5 3 .3 .5 PURPOSE OF USING THE LIBRARY 121 3.3.6 LANGUAGE(S) USED 121 3 .3 .7 SUBJECT INTEREST 121 3.3.8 MATERIALS USED 123 3.3.9 CATALOGUES 123 3.3 .10 TRANSLITERATION 124 3.3.11 CLASSIFICATION SCHEME - 125 3.3.12 UNION CATALOGUES 125 3.3 .13 FINDING MATERIALS IN ThE LIBRARY 126 3.3.14 PROBLEMS IN FINDING SOURCES 126 3.3.15 REASONS FOR HAVING PROBLEMS IN 127 FINDING SOURCES IN THE LIBRARY 3.3.16 MISSING SOURCES 127 3.3.17 AREAS OF MISSING SOURCES 127 (LANGUAGE, SUBJECT, TYPE OF MATERIALS) 3.3.18 FAILING TO FIND ThE NEEDED SOURCES 128 3.3.19 TRAINED TO LOOK FOR INFORMATION 129 3.3.20 FINDING OUT INFORMATION ON THE NEEDED SUBJECT 129 3.3.21 WHERE TO OBTAIN ThE NEEDED INFORMATION 130 3.3.22 WHICH OTHER LIBRARIES USED? 130 3.3.23 CO!MENTS 131 3.4 JOURNALISTS 132 3.4.1 LANGUAGES USED 133 3.4.2 SUBJECT INTEREST 133 3.4.3 METHODS OF UPDATING 134 3 .4.4 LIBRARIES USED BY TYPE 134 3.4.5 LIBRARIES USED BY NAME 135 3 .4.6 ADEQUACY OF INFORMATION RESOURCES 135 3 .4.7 ADEQUACY BY TYPE OF MATERIAL (S) EXPECTED 136 3.4.8 ADEQUACY LANGUAGE(S) EXPECTED 136 3.4.9 ADEQUACY OF SUBJECTS EXPECTED 136 3.4.10 LIST OF TITLES READ/USED FOR UPDATING 137 3.5 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ThE THREE CASES 139 3.5.1 RATE OF SUCCESS 139 3.5.2 POSITION! OCCUPATION 139 3.5.3 LANGUAGE 142 3.5.4 LIBRARIES BY TYPE 142 3.5.5 LIBRARIES BY NAME 145 3.5.6 METHODS OF UP DATING 147 3.5.7 PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS LISTED 150 3.5.8 SUBJECT PROFILE 150 3.5.9 ADEQUACY OF INFORMATION SUPPLY 151 3.6 COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES 153 3.6.1 RATE OF SUCCESS 153 3.6.2 POSITION OCCUPATION 154 3.6.3 LANGUAGE 154 3.6.4 LIBRARIES BY TYPE 155 3.6.5 LIBRARIES BY NAME 155 3.6.6 METHODS OF UPDATING 155 3 .6.7 JOURNALS 156 3.6.8 SUBJECT 157 3.6.9 ADEQUACY OF INFORMATION SUPPLY SOURCES 157 6 CHAPTER 4: INFORNATION RESOURCES AND THE INFORMATION 159 NEEDS OF USERS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY 4. OBJECTIVES & METHODOLOGY 160 4.1 METhODOLOGY 161 4.1.1 SELECTION OF SOURCES 161 4.1.2 INDEXING & ABSTRACTING JOURNALS IN 163 NON-MIDDLE EASTERN LLANGUAGES 4.2 INDEX ISLAMICUS 164 4.2.1 MONOGRAPHS AND ARTICLES '84 168 4.2.2 YEAR OF PUBLICATION '84 168 4.2.3 LANGUAGES '84 169 4.2.4 SUBJECT '84 170 4.2.5 JOURNALS CITED '84 170 4.2.6 MONOGRAPHS AND ARTICLES 171 4.2.7 LANGUAGE '88 171 4.2.8 YEAR OF PUBLICATION '88 172 4.2.9 SUBJECT '88 172 4.2.10 JOURNALS LISTED '88 173 4.2.11 JOURNALS LISTED IN ISSUES '84 and '88 173 4.2.12 JOURNALS LISTED IN ISSUES '84 & '88 BY COUNTRY 173 4.2.13 JOURNALS LISTED IN ISSUES '84 & '88 BY LANGUAGE 174 4.2.14 JOURNALS LISTED IN ISSUES '84 & '88 BY SUBJECT 174 4.2.15 INITIAL CONCLUSION 175 4.3 PERIODICALS LISTED BY BRISMES MEMBERS 176 4.3.1 COUNTRIES OF PUBLICATION: BRISMES MEMBERS 176 4.3.2 LANGUAGES OF PUBLICATION: BRISMES MEMBERS 177 4.3.3 SUBJECTS OF PUBLICATIONS: BRISMES MEMBERS 177 4.4 COMPARISON WITH THE AUSTRALIAN SURVEY 1986 178 4.4.1 COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: STONE'S LIST 179 4.4.2 LANGUAGE OF PUBLICATION: STONE'S LIST 179 4.4.3 SUBJECT OF PERIODICALS: STONE'S LIST 179 4.4.4 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE 3 CASES 180 4.4.4.1 COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION 180 4.4.4.2 LANGUAGES 181 4.4.4.3 SUBJECT 181 4.4.4.4 COMMON CASES BETWEEN BRISMES, 182 INDEX ISLAMICUS AND STONE' S LIST 4.4.4.5 COMMON CASES BETWEEN INDEX ISLAMICUS AND 183 STONE'S LIST 4.4.4.6 INITIAL CONCLUSION 184 4.5 THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERIODICALS IN 185 THE UK LIBRARIES 4.5.1 MIDDLE EASTERN PERIODICALS IN THE UK LIBRARIES 185 4.5.1.1 OBJECTIVES 186 4.5.1.2 METHODOLOGY 186 4.5.1.3 COVERAGE 186 4.5.1.4 BACKGROUND 187 4.5.1.5 ARGUMENT 188 4.5.1.6 APPLICATION OF THE METhODOLOGY 188 4.5.2 RESULT OF THE ANALYSIS: 190 MIDDLE EASTERN LANGUAGES 4.5.2.1 AREA DISTRIBUTION 190 4.5.2.2 LANGUAGE 190 4.5.2.3 YEAR OF PUBLICATION (BY LANGUAGE) 190 7 4.5.2.4 SUBJECT 191 4.5.2.5 UNIQUE TITLES 191 4.5.3 WESTERN PERIODICALS ON THE MIDDLE EAST 192 IN THE UK LIBRARIES 4.5.3.1 AREA DISTRIBUTION 193 4.5.3.2 LANGUAGES 193 4.5.3.3 SUBJECT - 193 4.5.3.4 LIBRARIES BY TYPE AND SUBJECTS OF HOLDINGS 194 4.5.3.5 YEAR OF PUBLICATION 195 4.5.3.6 UNIQUE TITLES 196 4.5.4 CURRENT TITLES OF PERIODICALS IN 202 MIDDLE EASTERN LANGUAGES 4.5.5 MIDDLE EASTERN PERIODICALS' 204 AREA SPECIALIZATION SCHEMES 4.5.6 INITIAL CONCLUSION; UNION CATALOGUES 206 OF PERIODICALS 4.6 THESES (RESEARCH OUTPUT) ON THE MIDDLE EAST 210 IN THE UK 4.6.1 RESEARCH DEGREES 211 4.6.2 YEAR OF SUBMISSION 211 4.6.3 AREA DISTRIBUTION 213 4.6.4 INSTITUTIONS 213 4.6.5 SUBJECT 215 4.6.6 INITIAL CONCLUSION 217 4.7 GENERAL COMPARISON 219 4.7.1 OBJECTIVES 219 4.7.1.2 METhODOLOGY 219 4.7.2 MIDDLE EAST COLLECTIONS AND GENERAL 219 USERS' NEEDS BY SUBJECT 4.7.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN USERS' SURVEY, 220 COLLECTIONS AND THESES 4.7.4 SELECTED DATA FROM COLLECTIONS AND THESES 221 4.7.5 COMPARISON OF SELECTED THESES AND 223 COLLECTIONS AND USERS' SURVEY 4.7.6 COMPARISON BETWEEN THESES OF THE 7 OS AND 224 80s AND USERS' SURVEY 4.7.7 COLLECTIONS AND THESES IN THE CASE OF OXFORD 227 4.7.8 COLLECTIONS AND THESES IN THE CASE OF DURHAM 227 4.7.9 COLLECTIONS AND THESES
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