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Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

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Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary #49016 - Venes: Taber’s Cyclopedia Medical Dictionary -- 21st Edition -- FADavis J J Symbol for joule. Jacquemier, Fr. obstetrician, 1806– Jaboulay’s amputation (zha˘Љboo-la¯zЈ) 1879] Blue or purple color of the vagi- [Mathieu Jaboulay, Fr. surgeon, 1860– nal mucosa; a presumptive sign of preg- 1913] Amputation of the thigh and re- nancy. moval of the hip bone. jactatio (ja˘k-ta¯Јshe¯-o¯) [L., tossing] Rest- Jaboulay’s button Two cylinders that less tossing of the head and body; seen may be screwed together for lateral in- in acute illness. SYN: jactitation. testinal anastomosis without the use of j. capitis nocturna A form of sleep sutures. disturbance characterized by nocturnal Jaccoud’s syndrome (zha˘-kooz) [Fran- head-banging. cois Sigismond Jaccoud, Fr. physician, jactitation (ja˘kЉtı˘-ta¯Јshu˘n) [L. jactitatio, 1830–1913] A rare joint disease in tossing] Jactatio. which recurring bouts of arthritis affect Jaeger’s test types (ya¯Јge˘rz) [Eduard multiple joints. The fingers show prom- Jaeger von Jastthal, Austrian ophthal- inent ulnar deviation with subluxation mologist, 1818–1884] Lines of type of of the metacarpals that can be reduced various sizes, printed on a card for test- manually; typically there is no loss of ing near vision. The smallest type read cartilage or bone erosion. This syn- at the closest distance is recorded. drome has been associated with several jamais vu (zha˘mЈa¯voo) [Fr., never seen] diseases, including rheumatic fever, The subjective sense of being in a com- progressive systemic sclerosis, sarcoid- pletely strange environment when in fa- osis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. miliar surroundings. It may be associated jacket [O.Fr. jacquet, jacket] A bandage with temporal lobe lesions. SEE: de´ja`vu. usually applied to the trunk to immo- James fibers (ja¯mz) [T. N. James, U.S. bilize the spine or correct deformities. cardiologist and physiologist, b. 1925] porcelain j. A jacket crown tooth res- A pathway for conduction of cardiac im- toration made of porcelain. pulses so that they bypass the atrioven- jackscrew (ja˘kЈskroo) A threaded screw tricular node. This alternate fiber path- used for expanding the dental arch or way permits pre-excitation of the for positioning bone fragments after a ventricle with resultant tachycardia. fracture. Janeway lesion (ja¯nЈwa¯y) [Edward jacksonian seizure (ja˘k-so¯Јne¯-a˘n) [John Gamaliel Janeway, U.S. physician, Hughlings Jackson, Brit. neurologist, 1841– 1911] A small, painless, red-blue 1835–1911] A localized form of epi- macular lesion a few millimeters in di- lepsy with spasms confined to one part ameter; found on the palms and soles in or one group of muscles. SEE: epilepsy. patients with subacute bacterial endocar- Jackson Pratt drain (ja˘kЈso˘n pra˘t) A soft ditis. SEE: Osler’s nodes; Roth’s spots. tube that is placed in an operative site janiceps (ja˘nЈı˘-se˘ps) [L. Janus, a two- to drain blood and inflammatory fluid faced god, ϩ caput, head] A deformed following surgery. The tube is connected embryo having a face on both the ante- to a compressed, small plastic bulb. The rior and the posterior aspects of the sin- compression creates suction; the bulb ex- gle head. pands as it fills. The collected liquid is Jansky-Bielschowsky syndrome emptied and measured when the bulb is (ja˘nЈske¯-be¯-a˘l-showЈske¯) [Jan Jansky, about 60% filled, and the bulb is recom- Czech physician, 1873–1921; Max Biel- pressed. The drains are removed when schowsky, Ger. neuropathologist, 1869– only minimal drainage is observed. Fluid 1940] ABBR: CLN2. A neuronal cer- in a surgical wound interferes with heal- oid lipofuscinosis that first becomes ev- ing, can place pressure on suture sites, ident in late infancy or early childhood, and increases the risk of infection. usually at age 2 to 4 years. Jackson’s syndrome A dysfunction of Janus family of protein kinases (ja¯nЈ˘s)ı cranial nerves X through XII caused by ABBR: JAK. A group of enzymes that medullary lesions, resulting in unilat- influence the growth and differentiation eral muscle paralysis in the head, the of cells through their impact on cytokine mouth including the soft palate, and the receptors. SEE: protein kinase. vocal cords. Japanese spotted fever A spotted fever Jacob, Arthur (ja¯Јko˘b) Irish ophthalmol- transmitted to humans by the bite of ogist, 1790–1874. Ixodes ticks infected with Rickettsia ja- J. ulcer A deep ulceration of the fa- ponica, also known as R. helvetica. The cial skin caused by locally invasive disease has been identified mostly in Ja- basal cell carcinoma. pan and Korea. short Jacquemier’s sign (zha˘k-me¯-a¯zЈ) [Jean jar 1. A container made of glass, plastic, standard #49016 - Venes: Taber’s Cyclopedia Medical Dictionary -- 21st Edition -- FADavis top of rh jar 1245 jaundice base of rh or other sturdy material. It is usually TREATMENT: The precise cause of taller than it is wide and may be cylin- jaundice must be determined in each drical, square, or another shape. 2. To patient to provide suitable therapies. move suddenly, as in a jolt or shock. For example, patients with gallstones bell j. A glass vessel with an opening obstructing the cystic duct need surgical at only one end. treatment, and newborns with severe heel j. The production of pain by hav- jaundice may require treatment with ul- ing the patient stand on tiptoes and sud- traviolet light to prevent kernicterus, denly bring the heels to the floor. This but jaundiced patients with acute hep- physical finding may be suggestive of atitis A usually heal with symptomatic spinal disease, pelvic inflammatory dis- rather than specific remedies. ease in women, or kidney stones, among acholuric j. Jaundice without bile other ailments. pigment in the urine. That is, jaundice jargon (ja˘rЈgu˘n) [O.Fr., a chattering] in which the majority of the excess bili- 1. Paraphasia. 2. The technical language rubin is unconjugated. or specialized terminology used by those breastfeeding j. An exaggerated in a specific profession or group. physiological jaundice of the newborn. jaundice (jawnЈdı˘s) [Fr. jaune, yellow] It may result initially from hemoconcen- A condition marked by yellow staining tration due to inadequate fluid intake. of body tissues and fluids, as a result of breast milk j. Hyperbilirubinemia re- excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood- sulting from pregnanediol or free fatty stream. Jaundice is not usually visible acids that inhibit bilirubin conjugation. until the total bilirubin level rises above Serum bilirubin level usually peaks 3 mg/dl. Jaundice is a symptom of an above 20 ml/dl by 14 to 21 days of age. array of illnesses, including those Some pediatricians recommend stop- marked by any of the following: ping breastfeeding for 24 to 36 hr if the Obstruction of the biliary tract by level exceeds 20 ml/dl. If the infant’s bil- gallstones, inflammatory masses, or tu- irubin level drops rapidly, the mother mors (e.g., cholecystitis, pancreatic car- may resume nursing. cinoma); cholestatic j. Jaundice produced by Slowing of the release of bile from he- failure of bile to flow to the duodenum. patic portals (e.g., cholestasis); It may be caused by intrahepatic bile Alteration of bile metabolism at the duct obstruction (e.g., in certain drug re- cellular level (e.g., in genetic diseases actions), liver cell damage (e.g., in viral such as Gilbert’s disease); hepatitis), or extrahepatic obstruction Release of bilirubin because of liver to the flow of bile (e.g., in cholecystitis). cell injury by toxins or viruses (e.g., congenital j. Jaundice occurring at acetaminophen overdose; hepatitis B vi- or shortly after birth. rus infection); hematogenous j. Hemolytic jaun- Release of bile pigments as a result of dice. the destruction or ineffective manufac- hemolytic j. Jaundice caused by the turing of red blood cells (e.g., hemolysis; fragmentation of red blood cells and hereditary spherocytosis); or the release of unconjugated bilirubin Resorption of bile from hematomas in the bloodstream. This finding is as- within the body, esp. after trauma. SYN: icterus. sociated with hemolytic anemia (HA). Because the bilirubin is not conjugated SYMPTOMS: Deposits of bilirubin in the skin often cause itching. Other symp- by the liver, it is not soluble in water toms of jaundice depend on whether the and does not discolor the urine. Many bilirubin is direct (conjugated [i.e., soluble conditions may be responsible, includ- in body fluids]) or indirect (unconjugated). ing congenital HA; sickle cell anemia; Obstructive jaundice, e.g., causes conju- autoimmune HA (e.g., in infectious gated hyperbilirubinemia; in this disease, mononucleosis or Mycoplasma pneu- bile pigments dissolve in the urine, which moniae infections); microangiopathic turns bright green, and the stool appears HA (e.g., in hemolytic uremic syn- gray or white owing to the deprivation of drome); or transfusion-associated HA. bile. SYN: hematogenous jaundice; hemolytic DIAGNOSIS: Tests to determine the icterus; nonobstructive icterus. cause of jaundice include a carefully per- hemorrhagic j. Leptospiral jaundice. formed history and physical exam, urinal- hepatocellular j. Jaundice resulting ysis (positive for bilirubin only in conju- from disease of liver cells, e.g., in acute gated hyperbilirubinemia), liver function hepatitis. SYN: parenchymatous jaun- tests, blood tests for hepatitis, and abdom- dice. inal ultrasonography. Invasive diagnostic infectious j. Infectious hepatitis. testing with cholangiography, endoscopic leptospiral j. Jaundice caused by lep- retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or tospirosis. SYN: hemorrhagic jaundice. percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiogra- j. of newborn Nonpathological jaun- phy is performed when occult biliary ob- dice affecting newborns, usually result- short struction is suspected. ing from the destruction of red blood standard #49016 - Venes: Taber’s Cyclopedia Medical Dictionary -- 21st Edition -- FADavis top of rh jaundice 1246 jaw base of rh JAW cells by the immature liver at birth.
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