DOCSLIB.ORG

By Niki Rae Huitson M.A., Simon Fraser University, 2005 M.P.M., Simon Fraser University, 1998 B.Sc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
By Niki Rae Huitson M.A., Simon Fraser University, 2005 M.P.M., Simon Fraser University, 1998 B.Sc Decoding the FASD Enigma: Application of a New Multidisciplinary Policy Paradigm by Niki Rae Huitson M.A., Simon Fraser University, 2005 M.P.M., Simon Fraser University, 1998 B.Sc. (Hons.), Lakehead University, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Criminology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Niki Huitson 2014 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2014 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Niki Rae Huitson Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Criminology) Title of Thesis: Decoding the FASD Enigma: Application of a New Multidisciplinary Policy Paradigm Examining Committee: Chair: Sheri Fabian, Senior Lecture Firstname Surname Senior Supervisor Raymond Corrado Senior Supervisor Professor Margaret Jackson Supervisor Professor Gail Anderson Supervisor Professor Julian Somers Internal Examiner Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences Tullio Caputo External Examiner Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology Carleton University Date Defended/Approved: April 2, 2014 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Ethics Statement iv Abstract In this dissertation, a comprehensive, integrated, multileveled prevention paradigm is proposed to evaluate and/or reform existing FASD policies. There is a variety of evidentiary sources available to policy makers, but there is increasing pressure to utilize more rigorous approaches to analyze the “complex evidence base”. I consider the need for high quality evidence including research and non-research sources, as well as quantitative and qualitative approaches. Findings from my own research, as appropriate for each level’s focus, are also discussed. I begin with the tertiary prevention level which aims to provide individuals affected by FASD continuous interventions throughout their lives so they will “not commit” and can function in the community. However due to the secondary disabilities associated with FASD, these individuals are often found within the criminal justice system. I present a comparison of individuals diagnosed with FASD found within a serious and violent offender population with those who are not diagnosed. I highlight exemplar legal cases where FASD is considered. In addition, I discuss exemplar initiatives and programs addressing the management of affected individuals. The secondary prevention level focuses on interventions to modify those environmental conditions that increase the possibility of maternal drinking. I present an extensive list of risk factors for FASD. Next I reveal four themes of intervention from the literature: screening tools, research, education, and legal strategies. With those in mind, I examine a high risk population using the existing literature on social determinants. The goal of the primary prevention level is to modify the social and environmental conditions that increase the opportunities which create individuals affected by FASD. At this level, the evidence I bring to bear are data which juxtapose medical facility locations and recorded police contacts with intoxicated persons in the same area. My findings suggest an integrated systems approach would be an effective way to identify, validate, implement, and evaluate current FASD policy and practices. By employing this tri-level prevention paradigm, it is possible to address the complexities of FASD, identify the gaps in knowledge and services, and discuss more promising policy and practical initiatives. Keywords: fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; policy model; integrated systems approach; prevention v Dedication To Josh and Jorja, my biggest distractions and my greatest motivators and To Margaret, who never stopped believing… vi Acknowledgements I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Ray Corrado and Dr. Gail Anderson for your patience, guidance, and ongoing support. In particular, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Margaret Jackson for your unwavering support and encouragement. You have always been an exemplar committee member who always found the time for guidance and inspiration, your belief in me and in my research sustained me through this long and often difficult process. I would also like to thank my external examiners, Dr. Tullio Caputo and Dr. Julian Somers for your insightful comments. In addition, I am grateful for the major theoretical contributions made by Dr. Patricia Brantingham and Dr. Jacqueline Faubert. I am also extremely appreciative for the opportunity to work with ICURS (Institution for Canadian Urban Research Studies), who provided the data for this dissertation. I also want to thank Mocssy (Modelling of Complex Social Systems program) for partially funding this research; Katie Wuschke for GIS and data retrieval expertise; Evan McCuish, Project Director of the Vancouver Longitudinal Study of Incarcerated Young Offenders, for data retrieval expertise; Dr. Bryan Kinney and Dr. Richard Frank for computer technical expertise, Dr. Chris Giles for statistical consultation, Patrick Neal and Nelly Ustyushenko for assisting with literature reviews; and Dr. Sheri Fabian and Rebecca Carleton for formatting this dissertation and substantially improving the appearance of the final product. Finally, I am grateful to my family and friends, who have travelled this academic journey with me for decades, for without you this endeavour would not be possible. vii Table of Contents Approval .......................................................................................................................... ii Partial Copyright Licence ............................................................................................... iii Ethics Statement ............................................................................................................ iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................... v Dedication ...................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... vii Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... viii List of Tables .................................................................................................................. xi List of Figures................................................................................................................ xiii List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................xiv Chapter 1. Introduction: Background to the FASD Policy/Prevention Analysis .................................................................................................. 1 Policy Overview ............................................................................................................... 4 What is Policy? ................................................................................................................ 4 Policy Evolution ............................................................................................................... 5 Implementation of FASD Policy ....................................................................................... 5 Is FASD a “Wicked Problem”? ......................................................................................... 6 What is Good Policy? ...................................................................................................... 8 Types and Quality of Research Producing Evidence ....................................................... 8 The Use of Evidence ..................................................................................................... 10 Finding Evidence ........................................................................................................... 11 Chapter Organization .................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 2. Introduction to FASD ........................................................................... 22 Understanding Teratogenic Effects of Alcohol – Historical Overview ............................. 22 Historical Review ........................................................................................................... 22 1970s to Present ........................................................................................................... 24 FASD Definitions and Characteristics ............................................................................ 25 FASD Developmental and Behavioural Abnormalities ................................................... 28 Criteria and Diagnosis for FASD.................................................................................... 38 FASD Diagnostic Issues ................................................................................................ 39 Unreliability and Inconsistencies.................................................................................... 40 Development of Objective Measures ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Intimate Strangers
    4 The Shift The sexual and gender struggles in Coonardoo and Haxby's Circus suggest the direction Prichards writing was about to take. In her next novel, Intimate Strangers, many of the elements which have been discussed so far in this thesis are evident: organicism, tragedy, moralist socialism, rationalist Marxism, problematic sexual relations, marriage and an ambiguous rape. All of these elements operate in an overdetermined dialectical process, as they do in her earlier novels. In Intimate Strangers, however, new elements are introduced, comprising a new subset of overdeterminants that contradicts (dialectically) these established elements and, in so doing, alters them. These conjunctures have compounded over the course of Prichards novel canon, to the point where Litimate Strangers comes closest of all to a state of revolutionary rupture. In other words, this is potentially Prichards most politically potent and aesthetically powerful novel. But this close proximity to a state of revolutionary rupture cannot be maintained. As we have seen, the concluding chapters of Prichards novels are significant. The conclusion of Intimate Strangers provides a revelation. But instead of taking the narrative even closer to a state of revolutionary rupture, the conclusion enacts a shift back along the continuum towards historical inhibition. 4 -4- The critical heritage of Intimate Strangers is burdened with biographical and historical speculation. Almost the entire body of critical 143 discussion of the novel is dedicated to arguments about its autobiographical content and anatomy of the events surrounding its composition. Prichards son, Ric Throssell, has consistently defended the novel against attacks from what he calls the "literary detectives." He asserts that Prichard had completed a draft of the novel, and that the manuscript was stored in her workroom at the Greenmount house, before she left on her voyage to London and the USSR in 1933.
    [Show full text]
  • The Company of Strangers: a Natural History of Economic Life
    The Company of Strangers: A Natural History of Economic Life Paul Seabright Contents Page Preface: 2 Part I: Tunnel Vision Chapter 1: Who’s in Charge? 9 Prologue to Part II: 20 Part II: How is Human Cooperation Possible? Chapter 2: Man and the Risks of Nature 22 Chapter 3: Murder, Reciprocity and Trust 34 Chapter 4: Money and human relationships 48 Chapter 5: Honour among Thieves – hoarding and stealing 56 Chapter 6: Professionalism and Fulfilment in Work and War 62 Epilogue to Parts I and II: 71 Prologue to Part III: 74 Part III: Unintended Consequences Chapter 7: The City from Ancient Athens to Modern Manhattan 77 Chapter 8: Water – commodity or social institution? 88 Chapter 9: Prices for Everything? 98 Chapter 10: Families and Firms 110 Chapter 11: Knowledge and Symbolism 126 Chapter 12: Depression and Exclusion 139 Epilogue to Part III: 154 Prologue to Part IV: 155 Part IV: Collective Action Chapter 13: States and Empires 158 Chapter 14: Globalization and Political Action 169 Conclusion: How Fragile is the Great Experiment? 179 The Company of Strangers: A Natural History of Economic Life Preface The Great Experiment Our everyday life is much stranger than we imagine, and rests on fragile foundations. This is the startling message of the evolutionary history of humankind. Our teeming, industrialised, networked existence is not some gradual and inevitable outcome of human development over millions of years. Instead we owe it to an extraordinary experiment launched a mere ten thousand years ago*. No-one could have predicted this experiment from observing the course of our previous evolution, but it would forever change the character of life on our planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Evidence and Global Strategy for Violence Prevention
    Flávia Carbonari, Alys Willman, Federico Manolio, Sofia Reinach and David Marques MARCH 2020 A Review of the Evidence and a Global Strategy for Violence Prevention Acronyms AIPR Auschwitz Institute for Peace and Reconciliation CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design C&V Crime and Violence CVE Countering Violent Extremism DRC Democratic RepuBlic of Congo FGM Female Genital Mutilation GReVD GloBal Registry of Violent Deaths IDP Internally Displaced Persons IP Interpersonal Violence IPV Intimate Partner Violence IRC International Rescue Committee ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant KVC Know Violence in Childhood NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NET Narrative Exposure Therapy PBC Peacebuilding Commission PVE Preventing Violent Extremism RCT Randomized Control Trial SDG SustainaBle Development Goal SV Sexual Violence UCDP Uppsala Conflict Data Program UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime VAC Violence Against Children VAW Violence Against Women VAWG Violence against Women and Girls VE Violent Extremism WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization 1 Table of Contents Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phantoms in the Brain.Pdf
    PHANTOMS IN THE BRAIN Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind V.S. Ramachandran, M.D., Ph.D., and Sandra Blakeslee Copyright © 1998 ISBN 0688152473 To my mother, Meenakshi To my father, Subramanian To my brother, Ravi To Diane, Mani and Jayakrishna To all my former teachers in India and England 1 To Saraswathy, the goddess of learning, music and wisdom Foreword The great neurologists and psychiatrists of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were masters of description, and some of their case histories provided an almost novelistic richness of detail. Silas Weir Mitchell—who was a novelist as well as a neurologist—provided unforgettable descriptions of the phantom limbs (or "sensory ghosts," as he first called them) in soldiers who had been injured on the battlefields of the Civil War. Joseph Babinski, the great French neurologist, described an even more extraordinary syndrome—anosognosia, the inability to perceive that one side of one's own body is paralyzed and the often−bizarre attribution of the paralyzed side to another person. (Such a patient might say of his or her own left side, "It's my brother's" or "It's yours.") Dr. V.S. Ramachandran, one of the most interesting neuroscientists of our time, has done seminal work on the nature and treatment of phantom limbs—those obdurate and sometimes tormenting ghosts of arms and legs lost years or decades before but not forgotten by the brain. A phantom may at first feel like a normal limb, a part of the normal body image; but, cut off from normal sensation or action, it may assume a pathological character, becoming intrusive, "paralyzed," deformed, or excruciatingly painful—phantom fingers may dig into a phantom palm with an unspeakable, unstoppable intensity.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Koryta Interviews Dean Koontz MICHAEL: in the New Novel
    Michael Koryta Interviews Dean Koontz MICHAEL: In the new novel, ODD APOCALYPSE, you write that "between birth and burial, we find ourselves in a comedy of mysteries." That statement could be a guiding light for the ODD series, and perhaps even your work in general of late. Was allowing the laughs to join the darkness a conscious decision? DEAN: Humor began to enter my work as far back as WATCHERS (1987), and by LIGHTNING (1988), my agent and publisher at that time became alarmed and counseled me that suspense and humor never mix. They were not able to offer a cogent explanation of why the two never mix. One of my favorite films of all time is NORTH BY NORTHWEST, which is tense and funny; so I just kept doing what I was doing. By the time I moved to Bantam Books with FEAR NOTHING (1998), humor became the binding glue in all of my books except for THE TAKING, VELOCITY, THE HUSBAND, and YOUR HEART BELONGS TO ME. Odd Thomas is speaking for me when he says, "Humanity is a parade of fools, and I'm right up front with a baton." Odd is a spiritual guy, and in my experience, genuinely spiritual people--as opposed to those for whom faith is either a crutch or a bludgeon--have a great sense of humor. They recognize that our fallen world is not just tragic but also absurd, often hilariously absurd, and that laughing at humanity's hubris and reckless transgressive behavior is a potent way to deny legitimacy to that hubris.
    [Show full text]
  • WATCHERS Dean R
    WATCHERS Dean R. Koontz This book is dedicated to Lennart Sane who is not only the best at what he does but who is also a nice guy. And to Elisabeth Sane who is as charming as her husband. PART ONE Shattering the Past The past is but the beginning of a beginning, and all that is and has been is but the twilight of the dawn. —H. G. Wells The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed. —C. G. Jung ONE 1 On his thirty-sixth birthday, May 18, Travis Cornell rose at five o’clock in the morning. He dressed in sturdy hiking boots, jeans, and a long-sleeved, blue-plaid cotton shirt. He drove his pickup south from his home in Santa Barbara all the way to rural Santiago Canyon on the eastern edge of Orange County, south of Los Angeles. He took only a package of Oreo cookies, a large canteen full of orange-flavored Kool-Aid, and a fully loaded Smith & Wesson .38 Chiefs Special. During the two-and-a-half-hour trip, he never switched on the radio. He never hummed, whistled, or sang to himself as men alone frequently do. For part of the drive, the Pacific lay on his right. The morning sea was broodingly dark toward the horizon, as hard and cold as slate, but nearer shore it was brightly spangled with early light the colors of pennies and rose petals. Travis did not once glance appreciatively at the sun-sequined water.
    [Show full text]
  • Silent Corner Discussion Questions by Dean Koontz
    Silent Corner Discussion Questions by Dean Koontz Author Bio: (from Fantastic Fiction & Dean Koontz website) Dean Koontz is acknowledged as one of today's most celebrated and successful writers. His books are published in 38 languages and he has sold over 500 million copies to date. Dean Koontz lives in Southern California with his wife, Gerda, their golden retriever, Elsa, and the enduring spirit of their goldens, Trixie and Anna. Characters: Jane Hawk – Former FBI agent. Used to provide investigative support for the FBI Behavioral Science Unit. Widowed four months ago. Her husband, Nick, was a Marine. They have a son, Travis (5). Her mother is deceased. Her father is a famous musician. Mr. Drood – The alias of the man/group threatening Jane and Travis. Name taken from “A Clockwork Orange.” Kipp Garner – Radburn’s partner/henchman who enjoys violence. John Harrow – Special Agent in Charge of the LA FBI office. Nick Hawk – Former Marine. Unexpectedly and uncharacteristically kills himself with a knife. Married to Jane Hawk. Booth Hendrickson – Works in the Department of Justice. Becomes Silverman’s handler after his infection. Randolph Kohl – Director of Homeland Security. Gwyneth Lambert – Widow. Her husband, Gordon, was a former marine Lieutenant General who committed suicide. David James Michael – On the board of the Gernsback institute (What if Conference). Inherited a fortune. Venture capitalist who funds high tech startups – Shenneck’s technology and Far Horizons. William Sterling Overton – Lawyer. Friend/works for Senneck. Member of Aspasia. Jimmy Radburn – Hacker/cracker extraordinaire. Thinks of himself as a cyberspace pirate. His real name is Robert Branwick.
    [Show full text]
  • Exiles and Strangers
    EXILES AND STRANGERS EXILES AND STRANGERS A Reading of Camus's Exile and the Kingdom English Showalter, Jr. Ohio State University Press : Columbus Copyright © 1984 by the Ohio State University Press All rights reserved All quotations from Justin O'Brien's translation of Albert Camus's Exile and the Kingdom are copyright © 1957, 1958 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., of New York City, and Hamish Hamilton Ltd., London. All quotations from L'Exil et le royaume, by Albert Camus, are from his Theatre—Recits—Nouvelles ("Bibliotheque de la Pleiade," no. 161). Copyright © 1962 by Editions Gallimard, Paris. All rights reserved. Used by permission of the publisher. Quotations from Orville Prescott's review of Albert Camus's Exile and the Kingdom in "Books of the Times," published in the New York Times of March, 10, 1958, are copyright © 1958 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data: Showalter, English Exiles and strangers Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Camus, Albert, 1913-1960. Exil et le royaume. I. Title. PQ2605.A3734E938 1983 843'.914 83-12092 ISBN 0-8142-0353-1 For my father CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix One Exile and the Kingdom and the American Reader 3 Two The Adulterous Woman: New Forms of Judgment 19 Three The Renegade: A Reified Voice 35 Four The Silent Men: Muted Symbols 53 Five The Guest: The Reluctant Host, Fate's Hostage 73 Six The Artist at Work: An Ironic Self-Portrait 89 Seven The Growing Stone: Reconciliation and Conclusion 107 Eight Camus's Last Words 131 Appendix: The English Translation of L'Exil et le royaume 145 Bibliography 153 Index 161 Acknowledgments I would like to take this opportunity to express my thanks to Walter K.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Reviews of the Works for Dean Koontz As Removed from the Manuscript of the Collectors Guide to Dean Koontz by Michael P
    A (very incomplete) Bibliography of reviews of the works for Dean Koontz as removed from the manuscript of The Collectors Guide to Dean Koontz by Michael P. Sauers to be published by Cemetery Dance Publications in 2011 The story behind this document can be found @ http://www.travelinlibrarian.info/CGTDK/2010/08/12/review-removal/ After the Last Race by Dean R. Koontz Reviews Kirkus Reviews v42 Sept. 1, 1974 p961 Publisher’s Weekly v206 Sept. 23, 1974 p148 Library Journal v99 Oct. 1, 1974 p2505 NEW YORK TIME BOOK REVIEW Jan. 12,1975 p18 Best Sellers v34 Feb. 1, 1975 p498 Publisher’s Weekly v208 Nov. 17, 1975 p99 Anti-Man by Dean R. Koontz Reviews Luna Monthly 26/27:33 Jl/Aug 1971 -Evers, J. The Bad Place by Dean R. Koontz Reviews New York Times Feb. 08,1989 pC26 -McDowell, E. Kirkus Reviews v57 Nov. 1, 1989 p1551 Booklist v86 Nov. 15, 1989 p618 Publisher’s Weekly Nov. 24,1989 p59 -Steinberg, S. Library Journal v114 Dec 1989 p170 (2) -Annichiarico, Mark Connoisseur v219 Dec 1989 p40 -Sawhill, Ray Rave Reviews #22, Dec/Jan (1989/90) p71 -Frank A. LaPorto The Blood Review v1 #2, Jan 1990 p51 -Richard Wellgosh The Blood Review v1 #2, Jan 1990 p51 -Mark Grahm West Coast Review of Books v15 #3 1990 p29 Atlanta Journal-Constitution Jan 21 1990 sec N p8 -Janet Ward LA Times Book Review Jan. 21, 1990 p12 Boston Globe Jan 25 1990 p75 -Bob MacDonald San Francisco Chronicle Feb 4 1990 sec REV p6 -Leila Raim New York Times Book Review Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Competition Book
    1st Place Drawing ǀ 7-8th Grade Division ■ Claire Kase ǀ ST. REGIS CATHOLIC SCHOOL, 8TH GRADE My artwork is about the power we hold that can change the world. I drew two hands, side by side, each with the Earth imprinted on them. The hands are coming together in unity. My artwork shows that the power to change the world is in the palm of each person's hand. Each hand is beautiful on its own, but when joined together they form a complete picture. Like Mother Teresa says,” I can do things you cannot, you can do things I cannot; together we can do great things.” The true power to change is to change together. 2nd Place Drawing ǀ 7-8th Grade Division ■ Florencia Medina ǀ WYANDOT MIDDLE SCHOOL, 7TH GRADE People always wait for the "right moment" to make a difference. They might think that they're too young or that it isn't the right time. But does the sun wait for night to turn into day? No, it does not. And like the sun, many people can make a difference right now. There is no time limit; just time to make a difference, and to improve the world for the better of everyone and everything in it. 3rd Place Drawing ǀ 7-8th Grade Division ■ Kylie King ǀ BROWNSTOWN MIDDLE SCHOOL, 7TH GRADE Though Anne frank did not survive the Holocaust, she is an inspiration. I’ve recently had the chance to learn about this special person: to learn her story, to learn about her journey, and to read her inspiring words.
    [Show full text]
  • Strangers by Dean Koontz Synopsis: a Group of Seemingly Diverse
    Strangers By Dean Koontz Synopsis: A group of seemingly diverse people are experiencing fugue states and debilitating nightmares. Have they all shared a common experience? And, does that experience portend the end of humanity as we know it? Praise for Dean Koontz's STRANGERS "Koontz] is a great storyteller, and STRANGERS features a plot so original you'll be reading, with chills, well into morning." -New YorkDaily News "The plot twists ingeniously ... an engaging, often chilling, book. I Page 1 found the novel tough to put down, except when making sure that the doors and windows were securely locked." -New York Times Book Review "Koontz is a master at constructing vivid, eerily realistic worlds that hold readers spellbound. A memorable thriller." -Booklist "Dean Koontz is a master storyteller, building suspense page by page, episode by episode. He has absolutely amazing knowledge of his subject matter, whether it be religion, military weapons, medicine, or an understanding of human nature. STRANGERS is absolutely enthralling." -WitchitaFallsTimes "An almost unbearably suspenseful page-turner. His ability to maintain the mystery through several plot twists is impressive, as is his array of believable and sympathetic characters. STRANGERS may be the suspense novel of the year." -Library Journal If you purchased this book without a cover, you should be aware that this book is stolen property. it was reported as "unsold and destroyed" Page 2 to the publisher, and neither the author nor the publisher has received any payment for this "stripped book." To Bob Tanner whose enthusiasm at a crucial stage was more important than he can know.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Somnambulism in the United States, 1740-1840
    Soul Sleepers: A History of Somnambulism in the United States, 1740-1840 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Friedman, Kristen Anne Keerma. 2014. Soul Sleepers: A History of Somnambulism in the United States, 1740-1840. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12274567 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Soul Sleepers: A History of Somnambulism in the United States, 1740-1840 A dissertation presented by Kristen Anne Keerma Friedman to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2014 © 2014 Kristen Anne Keerma Friedman All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Joyce Chaplin Kristen Anne Keerma Friedman Soul Sleepers: A History of Somnambulism in the United States, 1740-1840 Abstract The strange behavior of somnambulists in the United States between 1740 and 1840 attracted the attention of different emerging professional groups, each of which sought the authority to explain what the condition revealed about the role of volition in governing the human mind, and by extension, the body. Clergy, physicians, and lawyers fought with one another for interpretive rights over the embodied knowledge that somnambulists produced while in their paroxysms. Theologians hoped to use the trance state to appropriate knowledge about the afterlife from the entranced people who claimed their souls had journeyed there.
    [Show full text]