DOCSLIB.ORG

Challenges and Solutions in Ethnographic Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Challenges and Solutions in Ethnographic Research CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Challenges and Solutions in Ethnographic Research: Ethnography with a Twist seeks to rethink ethnography ‘outside the box’ of its previous tradition and to develop ethnographic methods by critically discussing process, ethics, impact and knowl- edge production in ethnographic research. This interdisciplinary edited volume argues for a ‘twist’ that supports openness, courage, and creativity to develop and test innovative and unconventional ways of thinking and doing ethnography. ‘Ethnography with a twist’ means both an intentional aim to conduct ethnographic research with novel approaches and methods but also sensitivity to recognize and creativity to utilize different kinds of ‘twist moments’ that ethnographic research may create for the researcher. This edited volume critically evaluates new and old methodological tools and their ability to engage with questions of power difference. It proposes new collaborative methods that allow for co-production and co-creation of research material as well as shared conceptual work and wider distribution of knowledge. The book will be of use to ethnographers in humanities and social science disciplines including sociology, anthropology and communication studies. Tuuli Lähdesmäki is a Senior Researcher and an Adjunct Professor working at the Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto is a Post-doctoral Researcher working at the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas is a Post-doctoral Researcher working at the Depart- ment of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Aino-Kaisa Koistinen is a Post-doctoral Researcher working at the Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Ethnography with a Twist Edited by Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇeginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Eerika Koskinen- Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-37688-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-37685-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-35560-8 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Taylor & Francis Books CONTENTS List of illustrations viii List of contributors x Preface xviii Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen Introduction: Ethnography with a twist xx Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Tuuli Lähdesmäki and Viktorija L. A. ˇ Ceginskas PART I New collaborative practices in ethnography 1 1 Poly-space: Creating new concepts through reflexive team ethnography 3 ˇ Johanna Turunen, Viktorija L. A. Ceginskas, Sigrid Kaasik- Krogerus, Tuuli Lähdesmäki and Katja Mäkinen 2 Embodied adventures: An experiment on doing and writing multisensory ethnography 21 Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto and Tytti Lehtovaara vi Contents 3 Ramblings: A walk in progress (or the minutes of the International Society of the Imaginary Perambulator) 36 Matthew Cheeseman, Gautam Chakrabarti, Susanne Österlund- Pötzsch, Simon Poole, Dani Schrire, Daniella Seltzer and Matti Tainio PART II Visuality and multi-modality in ethnography 53 4 Participant-induced elicitation in digital environments 55 Riitta Hänninen 5 Ethical challenges of using video for qualitative research and ethnography: State of the art and guidelines 68 Marina Everri, Maxi Heitmayer, Paulius Yamin-Slotkus and Saadi Lahlou 6 Drawing and storycrafting with Estonian children: Sharing experiences of mobility 84 Pihla Maria Siim 7 Sharpening the pencil: A visual journey towards the outlines of drawing as an autoethnographical method 100 Marika Tervahartiala PART III Ethnography of power dynamics in challenging contexts 115 8 Retrospective ethnographies: Twisting moments of researching commemorative practices among volunteers after the refugee arrivals to Europe 2015 117 Marie Sandberg 9 Ethnographic challenges to studying the poor in and from the global South 131 Laura Stark 10 Elite interviewing: The effects of power in interactions. The experiences of a northern woman 146 Lotta Lounasmeri Contents vii PART IV Embodied and affective ethnography 159 11 Memory narrations as a source for historical ethnography and the sensorial-affective experience of migration 161 Marija Dalbello and Catherine McGowan 12 The involuntary ethnographer and an eagerness to know 185 Sofie Strandén-Backa 13 Ethnography, arts production and performance: Meaning making in and for the street 197 Jessica Bradley Ethnographic twists and turns: An alternative epilogue 213 Tom Boellstorff Index 221 ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1.1 Part of the forest around the former campground in Camp Westerbork has been cleared for a field of radio telescopes. These telescopes, placed next to the memorial to the camp’s victims, are visible from the site of the former camp, contributing to the bizarre experience of different worlds meeting. Photo: EUROHERIT 10 1.2 The view from the living room in the Franz Liszt Memorial Museum in Budapest. Photo: EUROHERIT. 14 1.3 Johanna at the Voice from the Sea sound installation in Sagres Promontory. Photo: EUROHERIT. 15 2.1 Conference venue. Photo: Tytti Lehtovaara. 26 3.1 Simon’s walk. Photo: Simon Poole. 44 6.1 Drawing by a 9-year-old boy, 2018. Copyright: Inequalities in Motion. Transnational Families in Estonia and Finland Project. 91 6.2 Drawing by an 8-year-old boy, 2018. Copyright: Inequalities in Motion. Transnational Families in Estonia and Finland Project. 93 6.3 Drawing by a 6-year-old girl, 2018. Copyright: Inequalities in Motion. Transnational Families in Estonia and Finland Project. 95 7.1 Drawing by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 100 List of illustrations ix 7.2 Drawing by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 104 7.3 Drawing by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 116 7.4 Drawings by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019, layout by Maria Manner. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 110 7.5 Drawings by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019, layout by Maria Manner. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 111 Tables 5.1 Problems and proposed solutions for video research ethics 79 11.1 Summary of the record completeness and file inventory for the corpus 162 11.2 Dates of immigration (N=198) 164 11.3 Age at time of immigration as reported in the interviews 165 11.4 Modalities with codes and descriptions 167 13.1 Data collection across the stages 206 13.2 Data excerpt, conversation in taxi, May 2015 207 CONTRIBUTORS Tom Boellstorff is a Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Irvine, USA. His research focuses on digital culture, disability, globalization, the history of technology, nationalism, and sexuality. A Fellow of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, his research has been supported by a range of sources including the National Science Foundation. He is author of The Gay Archipelago: Sexuality and Nation in Indonesia, A Coincidence of Desires: Anthropology, Queer Studies, Indonesia, and Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human. He is coauthor of Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method and coeditor of Data, Now Bigger and Better! His articles have appeared in American Anthropologist, American Ethnologist, Cultural Anthropology, Current Anthro- pology, Annual Review of Anthropology, Games and Culture, International Journal of Communication, Journal of Asian Studies, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Journal of Virtual Worlds Research, Ethnos, GLQ, and Media, Culture, and Society. Jessica Bradley is an ethnographer interested in the intersection of language, educa- tion and creative practice. Her doctoral research was part of the UK-based Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project ‘Translation and Translanguaging: Investigating Linguistic and Cultural Transformation in Superdiverse Wards in Four UK Cities’. Her PhD ‘Translation and Translanguaging in Production and Perfor- mance in Community Arts’ considered translation and text trajectories in street arts production and performance. She is Lecturer in Literacies in the School of Education at the University of Sheffield and co-convenes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Experiments on Ice Spikes and a Simple Growth Model
    Journal of Glaciology, Vo l. 50, No.170, 2004 Experiments on ice spikes and a simple growth model Lesley HILL,1 Edward LOZOWSKI,1 Russell D. SAMPSON2 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 2E3, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2Physical Sciences Department, Eastern Connecticut State University,Willimantic, Connecticut 06226, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Ice-spike observations in nature have sparked much interest in the scientific and non-scientific communities alike, yet most research performed thus far has been largely qualitative.We have conducted a quantitative, systematic laboratory investi- gation in order to assess theories explaining ice-spike growth and to determine the condi- tions conducive to it.We observed ice-spike growth using time-lapse digital photography, using two water types in two different containers. We observed that ice spikes occurred much more frequently in distilled water than in tap water. Digital images were analyzed to determine the growth rate of the ice spikes.Water temperature was recorded through- out the freezing process, and the cooling rate was used to estimate a bulk heat transfer coefficient. Finally, a simple model, based on mass conservation, was derived and was found to give useful predictions of ice-spike growth rate. INTRODUCTION Nevertheless, little systematic research has been performed to determine, quantitatively, the conditions necessary for Ice spikes have puzzled observers for decades. Published the development of ice spikes, or the details of their growth reports and theories go back to Dorsey (1921) and Bally (Mason and Maybank, 1960; Wascher, 1991; Maeno and (1933). Since then, numerous reported observations have others,1994).The companion paper in this issue (Libbrecht appeared (Bell, 1959; Hayward, 1966; Krauz and others, and Lui, 2004) is one of few attempts to document the 1967;Thain,1985; Loebeck,1986;Whiddet,1986; Nishiyama, growth conditions of ice spikes in the laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Manual for Fieldwork in the Arctic 3Nd Edition, January 2018
    Safety Manual for Fieldwork in the Arctic 3nd edition, January 2018 Editors: Mette Maribo Høgsbro Morten Rasch Susanne Tang Editorial Committee: Morten Rasch, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen (Chairman) Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen Kirsten Christoffersen, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Morten Meldgaard, Natural History Museum of Denmark Peter Stougaard, Department of Plants and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen Susanne Tang, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Mette Maribo Høgsbro, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen This safety manual is widely based upon information taken more or less directly from safety manuals pro- duced by other institutions, i.e., University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Greenland Institute of Natural Re- sources, Aarhus University, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and The East Green- land Ice-core Project (EGRIP) UCPH. However, all information has been quality controlled by University of Copenhagen staff, and any errors that might occur in the manual are therefore the sole responsibility of the University of Copenhagen. Front page picture: Morten Rasch Publisher: Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Photo: Morten Rasch Photo: Morten Preface Safety is important for all types of arctic fieldwork. Fieldwork in remote arctic areas with extreme climate and extreme physical settings require close attention to safety. This manual pertains to all arctic fieldwork associated with research projects and tasks commissioned or managed by the Faculty of Science at the University of Copenhagen (SCIENCE). The manual consist of an introductory section including a more general introduction to safety considera- tions of relevance to all arctic fieldwork.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Christian
    In Union County THE The Leading And MoU Widdy Circuited WeeMy Entered as Seetsnd Class Mutter WESTFIELD, NEW JERSEY, THtfaSDAY, JUNE 28, 1956 iYEAR—No. 42 "nut Office. Wemflvld. N. J. Award Diplomas ic Service To Note Churches Begin * First Day Enrollment At Park Regulations Union1 Summe° r Playfields Reaches 1950To 71 Seniors ?ndence Day Here At Holy Trinity Set By Council Services Sunday Opening day at the Westfield i dren protected against injury for Playgrounds found a record total iLth~e -:~i.eight-weei ..,„,,ik, „,.„„,.„„program, . Special Prizes, of registrants ready for a summer As advertised all the Mental Health Drive Congregationalism, of fun. More than 1,950 children grounds, the costume parade is to Presentations Won Ordinance Would Baptists Continue were present at. the nine local be the special day this week. Rib- By Many Graduates Hits $498 in Boro playfields, Jefferson School play- bons and honorable mention pins 50-Year Program will be awarded ID winning con- MOUNTAINSIDE — Roy G. Close Tamaques ground had the day's high total testants. Following this event, The Rev. John L. Flanagan an- Daniels, local chairman of the 19W with over 325 children handing preparations will begin for the big nounced graduates and honors and SftBli Beginning Sunday at 9:30 a.m.,the ground leadart the'r printed Mental Health fund drive conduct- jjgjjjj] and continuing through July and "Wheels On Parade Day" July 3. the Kt. Rev. Mpnsignor Henry 3. ed during the month of May, hits10 p.m. to 7 ajn. registration forma. Close behind Decorated bikes, wagons, carri- Watterson made the awards to the announced that at present $4H8 August, the First Baptist and the was Roosevelt, 318; Lincoln, 312; ! in Mindowas- First Congregational Churches will ages, scooters and tricycles will 71 graduates of Holy Trinity High has been contributed by Mountain- An ordinance which rtgulftttl , the obser-, unite in a union summer ministry.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy and COVID-19
    Applied Energy Applied Energy covers a broad range of subjects from innovative technologies and systems of both fossil and renewable energy to the economic industrial and domestic use of energy. Reasons why you should publish in Applied Energy Speed As an online only journal, there are no print delays, so once accepted your article will be made available online and fully citable quickly Visibility Applied Energy is available via ScienceDirect, one of the biggest academic publishing platforms, so your article will be accessible by more than 12 million researchers, scientists, students and professionals from around the world. Impact Applied Energy has a Journal Impact Factor of 8.848* and a CiteScore 16.4** 2019 2019 Impact Factor* Value 8 . 8 4 8 When you submit a manuscript to Applied Energy there ea r 16.4 *Journal Citation Reports® no submission fee, page charges or online colour costs (Clarivate Analytics) Openness Applied Energy supports open access, so you can choose to make your research freely available Applied Energy Editors & Editorial Board Meetings: Virtual Meeting at Reach ICAE2020 **CiteScore is an indicator of journal citation impact based on Scopus When your article has been published online, you will be data. It measures the average number of citations in a given year from sent a ShareLink which offers 50 days of complimentary documents published in 5 previous calendar years. See journalmetrics. online access to your article scopus.com for more information on CiteScore™ metrics. Submit your manuscript today: http://bit.ly/ApEnergy Contents Welcome to ICAE2020 Acknowledgments Committees Keynote Speakers Awards of Highly Cited Papers Program at a Glance Speaker’s Guide Panel Sessions and Workshops Oral Presentations Knowledge Sharing Platform Welcome to ICAE2020 Welcome to ICAE2020-12th International Conference on Applied Energy The 12th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2020) was originally planned to be held during Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Frostburn: Mastering the Perils of Ice and Snow, and Their Respective Logos, and Wizards Product Names Are Trademarks of Wizards of the Coast, Inc., in the U.S.A
    CREDITS DESIGNERS ART DIRECTOR WOLFGANG BAUR, JAMES JACOBS, Dawn Murin GEORGE STRAYTON COVER ARTIST DEVELOPMENT TEAM Sam Wood RICHARD BAKER (LEAD), ANDREW J. FINCH, DAVID NOONAN, JAMES WYATT INTERIOR ARTISTS Steve Bel l edin, Mitch Cotie, Ed Cox, EDITOR Dennis Crabappl e McCl ain, Steve El l is, GREG COLLINS David Griffith, David Hudnut, MANAGING EDITOR Dana Knutson, Doug Kovacs, Dan Scott GWENDOLYN F.M. KESTREL GRAPHIC DESIGNER DESIGN MANAGERS Dee Barnett, Trish Yochum CHRISTOPHER PERKINS, ED STARK CARTOGRAPHERS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER James Jacobs, Todd Gambl e ANDREW J. FINCH DIRECTOR OF RPG R&D GRAPHIC PRODUCTION SPECIALIST BILL SLAVICSEK Erin Dorries PRODUCTION MANAGERS IMAGE TECHNICIAN JOSHUA C.J. FISCHER, RANDALL CREWS Robert Jordan Resources: Epic Level Handbook, Arms and Equipment Guide, FORGOTTEN REALMS Campaign Setting, World of Greyhawk Campaign Setting, Living Greyhawk Gazetteer, Monsters of Faerûn, Races of Faerûn, Oriental Adventures, Dragon Magazine, and Book of Vile Darkness. Based on the original DUNGEONS & DRAGONS® rules created by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, and the new DUNGEONS & DRAGONS game designed by Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, Skip Williams, Richard Baker, and Peter Adkison. This product uses updated material from the v.3.5 revision. This Wizards of the Coast ® game product contains no Open Game Content. No portion of this work may be reproduced in any form without written permission. To learn more about the Open Gaming License and the d20 System License, please visit www.wizards.com/d20. U.S., CANADA, ASIA, PACIFIC, EUROPEAN HEADQUARTERS & LATIN AMERICA Wizards of the Coast, Belgium Wizards of the Coast, Inc. T Hofveld 6d P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific American-July 2007
    Must Science and Religion Be Enemies? (see page 88) Warmer Water, SUPER HURRICANES page 44 July 2007 www.SciAm.com The MEMORY CODE Learning to read minds by understanding how brains store experiences Hijacked Cells How Tumors Exploit the Body’s Defenses Wireless Light Beats Radio for Broadband No-Man’s- Land Suppose Humans Just Vanished ... COPYRIGHT 2007 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. FEATURES ■ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN July 2007 ■ Volume 297 Number 1 ENVIRONMENT 76 An Earth without People Interview with Alan Weisman 76 One way to examine humanity’s impact on the environment is to consider how the world would fare if all the people disappeared. CLIMATE CHANGE 44 Warmer Oceans, 44 Stronger Hurricanes 52 By Kevin E. Trenberth Evidence is mounting that global warming enhances a cyclone’s damaging winds and fl ooding rains. COVER STORY: BRAIN SCIENCE 52 The Memory Code 60 By Joe Z. Tsien Researchers are closing in on the rules that the brain uses to lay down memories. Discovery of this memory code could lead to new ways to peer into the mind. 60 68 MEDICINE 60 A Malignant Flame By Gary Stix Understanding chronic infl ammation, which contrib- utes to heart disease, Alzheimer’s and other ailments, may be a key to unlocking the mysteries of cancer. GENETICS 68 The Evolution of Cats ON THE COVER By Stephen J. O’Brien and Warren E. Johnson Artist Jean-Francois Podevin (www.podevin.com) Genomic paw prints in the DNA of the world’s wild fancifully depicts the goal of uncovering a universal cats have clarifi ed the feline family tree and uncovered neural code: the rules the brain uses to identify and several remarkable migrations in their past.
    [Show full text]
  • R*>O" M ORIGINAL
    HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ************ House Resolution 100 ************ House Judiciary Committee Room 205 Ryan Office Building Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Tuesday, November 27, 2001 - 9:40 a.m. —oOo— 1F0RE: »norable Thomas Gannon, Majority Chairman morable Jerry Birmelin morable Patrick Browne morable Brett Feese morable William Gabig morable Timothy Hennessey morable Stephen Maitland morable Kevin Blaum, Minority Chairman morable Kathy Manderino morable John Pallone morable Joseph Petrarca -r*>o" m ORIGINAL ,S0 PRESENT: .chael Schwoyer Majority Chief Counsel dy Sedesse Majority Administrative Assistant xyl Ruhr Minority Counsel .thy Hudson Minority Administrative Assistant CONTENTS TNESSES PAGE ibert A. Rosenthal, Director 5 Bureau of Fixed Utility Services Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission iuglas L. Biden 29 Electric Power Generation nthia I. Taylor 54 Manager of Customer Relations & Training PJM Interconnection, LLC win "Sonny" Popowsky 100 Office of Consumer Advocate .chael Love 131 President/CEO Energy Association of Pennsylvania tyola Dougher 158 American Petroleum Institute itten Testimony Submitted By: Craig White, Chief Operating Officer Philadelphia Gas Works 4 REPRESENTATIVE GABIG: Good morning. I'll 11 the hearing to order. This is the Judiciary Committee aring on House Resolution 100, which is an overview of ergy costs in Pennsylvania. We have several members from 1 over the state, bipartisan. And we have a lot of ople that are ready to do some presenting. So unfortunately, the Chairman was unable to here. But we do, as I said, have a lot of esteemed mbers who I'd call upon to do the important task of troducing themselves. We'll start with the far right, e most senior, probably oldest member here.
    [Show full text]
  • Melting and Freezing
    MAIN MENU ICEL IS WATEER, WATESR IS ICSE: MELTOING AND NFREEZIDNGIRECTORY , 16 15 ving ice melting and This lesson invites young students to inquire about phase changes, about what happens as water changes into ice and as ice changes into water obser freezing under a variety of conditions. TION 15 ARA CHING TIPS 15 CTIVITY ARM-UP AND PRE-ASSESSMENT 16 CURRICULUM CONNECTIONSCURRICULUM 22 PRE K–GRADE 2GRADE 3–GRADE 5PREP TEA W PROCEDURES DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION 13 14 21 GRADE 3–GRADE 5 CONCEPTS 3 PRE K–GRADE 2 CONCEPTS 3 ASSESSMENT CRITERIARESOURCES 23 24 DEMONSTRATION 13 DEMONSTRATION MAIN A LESSON SUMMARY & OBJECTIVESLESSON SUMMARY STANDARDSESSENTIAL QUESTION QUESTIONACTIVITY BACKGROUND OUT THE SCIENCEACT MATERIALS 4 5 5 4 9 6 12 SCIENCE & LITERATURECONCEPT OVERVIEW 2 3 PHOTO GALLERY N THE SOLAR SYSTEM I Exploring Ice Exploring Ice LESSON 1 DIRECTORY MAIN MENU IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM ICE IS WATER, WATER IS ICE: MELTING AND FREEZING SCIENCE & LITERATURE Einstein recounts how thinking about ice led Albert Einstein, the great 20th Century to the atomic theory physicist, reflects on the history of science, The totality of all sensory experience can be going back to Leucippus in the 5th Century “comprehended” on the basis of a concep- B.C. in ancient Greece. From common tual system built on premises of great everyday experience, we take for granted simplicity…. The rise of atomism is a good that when ice melts, it becomes water; example. How may Leucippus have con- when water freezes, it becomes ice. But ceived this bold idea? what explains how the same substance can take such different forms? Wondering When water freezes and becomes ice— about ice leads us to thinking about what apparently something entirely different from everything is really made of.
    [Show full text]
  • DJ Online Karaoke
    Ravintola Simppa Ulkomaiset kappaleet www.djonline.fi/karaoke/1128 06.07.2017 (12233 kpl) 33720 #1 Crush Garbage KC 13764 #9 Dream John Lennon SF 3948 #9 Dream John Lennon PC 24435 #thatPOWER Will.I.Am feat. Justin Bieber SF 23306 '03 Bonnie & Clyde Jay-Z feat. Beyoncé SF 7551 'Til Summer Comes Around Keith Urban PC 21679 'Till I'm Gone Tinie Tempah feat. Wiz Khalifa SF 7090 (Boys Are) Back In Town BusBoys, The PC 33661 (Can't Live Without Your) Love And Affection Nelson KC 37014 (Don't Fear) The Reaper Blue Öyster Cult KC 14853 (Don't Fear) The Reaper Blue Öyster Cult SF 3216 (Everything I Do) I Do It For You Bryan Adams PC 15920 (Everything I Do) I Do It For You Bryan Adams SF 29661 (Everything I Do) I Do It For You Bryan Adams KC 42387 (Ghost) Riders In The Sky Outlaws KC 20433 (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You *NSYNC SF 4258 (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You *NSYNC PC 19569 (Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Some.. B. J. Thomas SF 6974 (Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Some.. B. J. Thomas PC 3177 (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction Britney Spears PC 20557 (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction Britney Spears SF 400 (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction Rolling Stones, The PC 37847 (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction Rolling Stones, The KC 16013 (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction Rolling Stones, The SF 12825 (I Can't Help) Falling In Love With You UB40 SF 36062 (I Just) Died In Your Arms Cutting Crew KC 8205 (I Just) Died In Your Arms Cutting Crew SF 7507 (I Just) Died In Your Arms Joée PC 4999 (I Know) I'm Losing You Temptations,
    [Show full text]
  • Frozen-Screenplay.Pdf
    Final Shooting Draft by Jennifer Lee 9/23/13 Property of the Walt Disney Animation Studios FROZEN - J. Lee 1 OPEN ON: ICE. We’re underwater looking up at it. A saw cuts through, heading right for us. EXT. SNOW-CAPPED MOUNTAINS — DUSK ICE HARVESTERS, dressed in traditional Sami clothing, score a frozen lake. They SING. ”The Frozen Heart (Ice Worker’s Song)” ICE HARVESTERS BORN OF COLD AND WINTER AIR AND MOUNTAIN RAIN COMBINING, THIS ICY FORCE BOTH FOUL AND FAIR HAS A FROZEN HEART WORTH MINING. The men drag giant ice blocks through channels of water. ICE HARVESTERS (CONT’D) CUT THROUGH THE HEART, COLD AND CLEAR. STRIKE FOR LOVE AND STRIKE FOR FEAR. SEE THE BEAUTY SHARP AND SHEER. SPLIT THE ICE APART! AND BREAK THE FROZEN HEART. Hup! Ho! Watch your step! Let it go! A young Sami boy, KRISTOFF (8), and his reindeer calf, SVEN, share a carrot as they try to keep up with the men. ICE HARVESTERS (CONT’D) Hup! Ho! Watch your step! Let it go! Young Kristoff struggles to get a block of ice out of the water. He fails, ends up soaked. Sven licks his wet cheek. ICE HARVESTERS (CONT’D) BEAUTIFUL! POWERFUL! DANGEROUS! COLD! ICE HAS A MAGIC CAN'T BE CONTROLLED. A sharp ice floe overtakes the workers, threateningly. They fight it back. ICE HARVESTERS (CONT’D) STRONGER THAN ONE, STRONGER THAN TEN STRONGER THAN A HUNDRED MEN! Massive fjord horses drag heavy ice plows. FROZEN - J. Lee 2 ICE HARVESTERS (CONT’D) BORN OF COLD AND WINTER AIR AND MOUNTAIN RAIN COMBINING The sun sets.
    [Show full text]
  • DJ Online Karaoke
    Ravintola Simppa Ulkomaiset kappaleet www.djonline.fi/karaoke/1128 06.07.2017 (12233 kpl) 20433 *NSYNC (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You SF 4258 *NSYNC (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You PC 7603 *NSYNC Bye Bye Bye PC 10549 *NSYNC Bye Bye Bye SF 10125 *NSYNC I Want You Back SF 7627 *NSYNC I'll Never Stop PC 10661 *NSYNC I'll Never Stop SF 20434 *NSYNC It's Gonna Be Me SF 10849 *NSYNC Pop SF 20435 *NSYNC Tearin' Up My Heart SF 7626 *NSYNC Thinking of You (I Drive Myself Crazy) PC 7628 *NSYNC This I Promise You PC 20437 *NSYNC This I Promise You SF 20438 *NSYNC U Drive Me Crazy SF 11035 *NSYNC feat. Nelly Girlfriend SF 42620 10 Years Wasteland KC 30775 10,000 Maniacs Because The Night KC 6830 10,000 Maniacs These Are Days PC 35390 10,000 Maniacs These Are Days KC 35182 10,000 Maniacs Trouble Me KC 2764 10cc Good Morning Judge PC 34860 10cc I'm Not In Love KC 35376 10cc The Things We Do For Love KC 44733 1975, The Robbers SF 47465 1975, The Somebody Else SF 8223 2 Unlimited No Limit SF 8882 2Pac feat. Dr. Dre California Love SF 41597 3 Doors Down Away From The Sun KC 2759 3 Doors Down Be Like That PC 39637 3 Doors Down Be Like That KC 42298 3 Doors Down Behind Those Eyes KC 42108 3 Doors Down Better Life KC 39238 3 Doors Down Duck And Run KC 2760 3 Doors Down Duck And Run PC 22875 3 Doors Down Here Without You SF 41323 3 Doors Down Here Without You KC 6823 3 Doors Down Here Without You PC 2761 3 Doors Down It's Not My Time PC 37940 3 Doors Down Kryptonite KC 19617 3 Doors Down Kryptonite SF 6824 3 Doors Down Kryptonite
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Hot Water Freezes Faster Than Cold Water
    Water, good ol' H2O, seems like a pretty simple substance to you and me. But in reality, water - the foundation of life and most common of liquid - is really weird and scientists actually don't completely understand how water works. Here are 5 really weird things about water: 1. Hot Water Freezes Faster Than Cold Water Take two pails of water; fill one with hot water and the other one with cold water, and put them in the freezer. The hot one would be frozen before the cold one. But wait, you say, that's counterintuitive: wouldn't the hot water have to cool down to the temperature of the cold water before proceeding to freezing temperature, whereas the cold one has "less to go" before freezing? In 1963, a Tanzanian high-school student named Erasto B. Mpemba was freezing hot ice cream mix in a cooking class when he noticed that a hot mix actually froze faster than a cold mix. When he asked his teacher about this phenomenon, his teacher ridiculed him by saying "All I can say is that is Mpemba's physics and not universal physics." Thankfully, Mpemba didn't back down - he convinced a physics professor to conduct an experiment which eventually confirmed his observations: in certain conditions, hot water indeed freezes before cold water*. Actually, Mpemba was in good company. The phenomenon of hot water freezing first, now called the "Mpemba effect" was noted by none other than Aristotle, Francis Bacon and René Descartes. But how do scientists explain this strange phenomenon? It turns out that no one really knows but there are several possible explanations, including differences in supercooling (see below), evaporation, frost formation, convection, and effects of dissolved gasses between the hot and cold water.
    [Show full text]