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Foot and Ankle Motion Analysis Using Dynamic Radiographic Imaging Benjamin Donald Mchenry Marquette University
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Foot and Ankle Motion Analysis Using Dynamic Radiographic Imaging Benjamin Donald McHenry Marquette University Recommended Citation McHenry, Benjamin Donald, "Foot and Ankle Motion Analysis Using Dynamic Radiographic Imaging" (2013). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 276. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/276 FOOT AND ANKLE MOTION ANALYSIS USING DYNAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING by Benjamin D. McHenry, B.S. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2013 ABSTRACT FOOT AND ANKLE MOTION ANALYSIS USING DYNAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING Benjamin D. McHenry, B.S. Marquette University, 2013 Lower extremity motion analysis has become a powerful tool used to assess the dynamics of both normal and pathologic gait in a variety of clinical and research settings. Early rigid representations of the foot have recently been replaced with multi-segmental models capable of estimating intra-foot motion. Current models using externally placed markers on the surface of the skin are easily implemented, but suffer from errors associated with soft tissue artifact, marker placement repeatability, and rigid segment assumptions. Models using intra-cortical bone pins circumvent these errors, but their invasive nature has limited their application to research only. Radiographic models reporting gait kinematics currently analyze progressive static foot positions and do not include dynamics. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using fluoroscopy to measure in vivo intra-foot dynamics of the hindfoot during the stance phase of gait. The developed fluoroscopic system was synchronized to a standard motion analysis system which included a multi-axis force platform. -
Locomotor Training with Partial Body Weight Support in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: Literature Review
doi: ISSN 0103-5150 Fisioter. Mov., Curitiba, v. 26, n. 4, p.página 907-920, set./dez. 2013 Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons [T] Treino locomotor com suporte parcial de peso corporal na reabilitação da lesão medular: revisão da literatura [I] Locomotor training with partial body weight support in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: literature review [A] Cristina Maria Rocha Dutra[a], Cynthia Maria Rocha Dutra[b], Auristela Duarte de Lima Moser[c], Elisangela Ferretti Manffra[c] [a] Mestranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde da Pontiícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] [b] Professora mestre da Universidade Tuiuti do PR - Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] [c] Professoras doutoras do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde da Pontiícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, P - Brasil, e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] [R] Resumo Introdução: O treino locomotor com suporte de peso corporal (TLSP) é utilizado há aproximadamente 20 anos no campo da reabilitação em pacientes que sofrem de patologias neurológicas. O TLSP favorece melhoras osteomusculares, cardiovasculares e psicológicas, pois desenvolve ao máximo o potencial residual do orga- nismo, proporcionando a reintegração na convivência familiar, proissional e social. Objetivo: Identiicar as principais modalidades de TLSP e seus parâmetros de avaliação com a inalidade de contribuir com o esta- belecimento de evidências coniáveis para as práticas reabilitativas de pessoas com lesão medular. Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados artigos originais, publicados entre 2000 e 2011, que envolvessem treino de marcha após a lesão medular, com ou sem suporte parcial de peso corporal, e tecnologias na assistência do treino, como biofeedback e estimulação elétrica funcional, entre outras. -
Multi-Segment Foot Models and Their Use in Clinical Populations
Gait & Posture 69 (2019) 50–59 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gait & Posture journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gaitpost Review Multi-segment foot models and their use in clinical populations T ⁎ Alberto Leardinia,1, Paolo Caravaggia, ,1, Tim Theologisb,2, Julie Stebbinsb,2 a Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy b Oxford Gait Laboratory, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Background: Many multi-segment foot models based on skin-markers have been proposed for in-vivo kinematic Foot joints analysis of foot joints. It remains unclear whether these models have developed far enough to be useful in clinical Kinematics populations. The present paper aims at reviewing these models, by discussing major methodological issues, and Multisegment foot models analyzing relevant clinical applications. Clinical gait analysis Research question: Can multi-segment foot models be used in clinical populations? Foot pathologies Methods: Pubmed and Google Scholar were used as the main search engines to perform an extensive literature search of papers reporting definition, validation or application studies of multi-segment foot models. The search keywords were the following: ‘multisegment’; ‘foot’; ‘model’; ‘kinematics’, ‘joints’ and ‘gait’. Results: More than 100 papers published between 1991 and 2018 were identified and included in the review. These studies either described a technique or reported a clinical application of one of nearly 40 models which differed according to the number of segments, bony landmarks, marker set, definition of anatomical frames, and convention for calculation of joint rotations. Only a few of these models have undergone robust validation studies. Clinical application papers divided by type of assessment revealed that the large majority of studies were a cross-sectional comparison of a pathological group to a control population. -
Rethinking the Evolution of the Human Foot: Insights from Experimental Research Nicholas B
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174425. doi:10.1242/jeb.174425 REVIEW Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research Nicholas B. Holowka* and Daniel E. Lieberman* ABSTRACT presumably owing to their lack of arches and mobile midfoot joints Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long for enhanced prehensility in arboreal locomotion (see Glossary; fascinated evolutionary biologists because of the dramatic differences Fig. 1B) (DeSilva, 2010; Elftman and Manter, 1935a). Other studies between our feet and those of our closest living relatives, the great have documented how great apes use their long toes, opposable apes. Morphological features, including hallucal opposability, toe halluces and mobile ankles for grasping arboreal supports (DeSilva, length and the longitudinal arch, have traditionally been used to 2009; Holowka et al., 2017a; Morton, 1924). These observations dichotomize human and great ape feet as being adapted for bipedal underlie what has become a consensus model of human foot walking and arboreal locomotion, respectively. However, recent evolution: that selection for bipedal walking came at the expense of biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental arboreal locomotor capabilities, resulting in a dichotomy between investigations of great ape locomotion have undermined this simple human and great ape foot anatomy and function. According to this dichotomy. Here, we review this research, focusing on the way of thinking, anatomical features of the foot characteristic of biomechanics of foot strike, push-off and elastic energy storage in great apes are assumed to represent adaptations for arboreal the foot, and show that humans and great apes share some behavior, and those unique to humans are assumed to be related underappreciated, surprising similarities in foot function, such as to bipedal walking. -
Gait Analysis in Prosthetics by James R
Gait Analysis in Prosthetics by James R. Gage, M.D. Ramona Hicks, R.P.T., M.A. REVIEW lems faced by lower limb amputees. Inman's measurement techniques included motion pic Objective measurement systems which quan tures of coronal and sagittal views, as well as tify locomotion have been in use for the past transverse rotations from below using a glass century. But not until World War II, when walkway. Using interrupted light photography, thousands of men returned home to the United the Biomechanics Laboratory team studied the States with amputations, was technology really motion of body segments during gait. Force applied to the understanding of prosthetic gait. plates measured the subject's ground reaction Inman and colleagues1 founded the Biome forces, and muscle activity was recorded using chanics Laboratory at the University of Cali electromyography (EMG), which measures the fornia to establish fundamental principles of electrical signals associated with contraction of human walking, particularly in relation to prob a muscle. Prior to Inman's fundamental studies, prostheses were customized for the individual Temporal and kinematic data, which were col amputee, without any particular regard to ra lected at slow, free, and fast speeds, showed tional structural design. Inman's goal was to that the hydraulic knees improved the symmetry provide fundamental data essential for the de between the prosthetic limb and the sound limb, sign of prosthetic limbs. By analyzing normal especially at the fast and free speeds. This human walking, he and his colleagues laid the finding was true for both cadence and the groundwork for biomechanical analysis of am amount of knee-flexion at swing phase. -
Gait Changes During Exhaustive Running
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses March 2016 Gait Changes During Exhaustive Running Nathaniel I. Smith University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Sports Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Nathaniel I., "Gait Changes During Exhaustive Running" (2016). Masters Theses. 334. https://doi.org/10.7275/7582860 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/334 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GAIT CHANGES DURING EXHAUSTIVE RUNNING A Thesis Presented by NATHANIEL SMITH Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the deGree of MASTER OF SCIENCE February 2016 Department of KinesioloGy © Copyright by Nathaniel Smith 2016 All RiGhts Reserved GAIT CHANGES DURING EXHAUSTIVE RUNNING A Thesis Presented by NATHANIEL SMITH Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Brian R. UmberGer, Chair _______________________________________ Graham E. Caldwell, Member _______________________________________ Wes R. Autio, Member __________________________________________ Catrine Tudor-Locke, Department Chair Kinesiology ABSTRACT GAIT CHANGES DURING EXHAUSTIVE RUNNING FEBRUARY 2016 NATHANIEL SMITH, B.S. WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY M.S. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Dr. Brian R. UmberGer Runners adopt altered gait patterns as they fatigue, and literature indicates that these fatiGued Gait patterns may increase energy expenditure and susceptibility to certain overuse injuries (Derrick et al., 2002; van Gheluwe & Madsen, 1997). -
Alexander 2013 Principles-Of-Animal-Locomotion.Pdf
.................................................... Principles of Animal Locomotion Principles of Animal Locomotion ..................................................... R. McNeill Alexander PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2003 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Second printing, and first paperback printing, 2006 Paperback ISBN-13: 978-0-691-12634-0 Paperback ISBN-10: 0-691-12634-8 The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition of this book as follows Alexander, R. McNeill. Principles of animal locomotion / R. McNeill Alexander. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-691-08678-8 (alk. paper) 1. Animal locomotion. I. Title. QP301.A2963 2002 591.47′9—dc21 2002016904 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Galliard and Bulmer Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ pup.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 1098765432 Contents ............................................................... PREFACE ix Chapter 1. The Best Way to Travel 1 1.1. Fitness 1 1.2. Speed 2 1.3. Acceleration and Maneuverability 2 1.4. Endurance 4 1.5. Economy of Energy 7 1.6. Stability 8 1.7. Compromises 9 1.8. Constraints 9 1.9. Optimization Theory 10 1.10. Gaits 12 Chapter 2. Muscle, the Motor 15 2.1. How Muscles Exert Force 15 2.2. Shortening and Lengthening Muscle 22 2.3. Power Output of Muscles 26 2.4. Pennation Patterns and Moment Arms 28 2.5. Power Consumption 31 2.6. Some Other Types of Muscle 34 Chapter 3. -
Normal and Abnormal Gaits in Dogs
Pagina 1 di 12 Normal And Abnormal Gait Chapter 91 David M. Nunamaker, Peter D. Blauner z Methods of Gait Analysis z The Normal Gaits of the Dog z Effects of Conformation on Locomotion z Clinical Examination of the Locomotor System z Neurologic Conditions Associated With Abnormal Gait z Gait Abnormalities Associated With Joint Problems z References Methods of Gait Analysis Normal locomotion of the dog involves proper functioning of every organ system in the body, up to 99% of the skeletal muscles, and most of the bony structures.(1-75) Coordination of these functioning parts represents the poorly understood phenomenon referred to as gait. The veterinary literature is interspersed with only a few reports addressing primarily this system. Although gait relates closely to orthopaedics, it is often not included in orthopaedic training programs or orthopaedic textbooks. The current problem of gait analysis in humans and dogs is the inability of the study of gait to relate significantly to clinical situations. Hundreds of papers are included in the literature describing gait in humans, but up to this point there has been little success in organizing the reams of data into a useful diagnostic or therapeutic regime. Studies on human and animal locomotion commonly involve the measurement and analysis of the following: Temporal characteristics Electromyographic signals Kinematics of limb segments Kinetics of the foot-floor and joint resultants The analyses of the latter two types of measurements require the collection and reduction of voluminous amounts of data, but the lack of a rapid method of processing this data in real time has precluded the use of gait analysis as a routine clinical tool, particularly in animals. -
Identification of Gait-Cycle Phases for Prosthesis Control
biomimetics Article Identification of Gait-Cycle Phases for Prosthesis Control Raffaele Di Gregorio * and Lucas Vocenas LaMaViP, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0532974828 Abstract: The major problem with transfemoral prostheses is their capacity to compensate for the loss of the knee joint. The identification of gait-cycle phases plays an important role in the control of these prostheses. Such control is completely up to the patient in passive prostheses or partly facilitated by the prosthesis in semiactive prostheses. In both cases, the patient recovers his/her walking ability through a suitable rehabilitation procedure that aims at recreating proprioception in the patient. Understanding proprioception passes through the identification of conditions and parameters that make the patient aware of lower-limb body segments’ postures, and the recognition of the current gait-cycle phase/period is the first step of this awareness. Here, a proposal is presented for the identification of the gait-cycle phases/periods under different walking conditions together with a control logic for a possible active/semiactive prosthesis. The proposal is based on the detection of different gait-cycle events as well as on different walking conditions through a load sensor, which is implemented by analyzing the variations in some gait parameters. The validation of the proposed method is done by using gait-cycle data present in the literature. The proposal assumes the prosthesis is equipped with an energy-storing foot without mobility. Keywords: above-knee amputee; prosthesis; gait cycle; proprioception; lower-limb control Citation: Di Gregorio, R.; Vocenas, L. -
Human Identification by Gait Analysis
Human Identification by Gait Analysis Anuradha Annadhorai, Eric Guenterberg, Jaime Barnes, Kruthika Haraga and Roozbeh Jafari Department of Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX – 75083, USA {axm078000, kkh071000, jmb077000, etg062000, rjafari} @utdallas.edu ABSTRACT distinguish one person from another. Gait-based Human movement monitoring using wireless sensors has identification can be used separately or in conjunction with become an important area of research today. The use of other biometrics to establish the identity of a person. It can wireless sensors in human identification is a relatively new also be used to secure portable devices such as mobile idea with interesting applications in portable device phones, wearable computers, intelligent clothing and other security and user recognition. In this paper, we describe a smart devices [3]. Other methods proposed for portable realtime wireless sensor system based on inexpensive device security, such as signature- and fingerprint-based inertial sensors that uses gait analysis to uniquely identify techniques, are explicit and require user attention. In subjects. contrast, gait-based human identification is implicit and unobtrusive. Categories and Subject Descriptors I.5.4 [Pattern Recognition]: Applications – Waveform Analysis We will demonstrate a wearable sensor system that can be J.3 [Life and Medical Sciences]: Health used for human identification based on gait analysis. C.3 [Special-Purpose Application-Based Systems]: Real-time Section 2 discusses related work, section 3 describes our and Embedded Systems system architecture, section 4 describes the gait General Terms identification application, and section 5 describes the demo Design, Experimentation, Security, Human Factors. setup. Keywords 2. RELATED WORK Gait Analysis, Segmentation, Biometrics, Body Sensor Networks. -
Quantitative and Qualitative Running Gait Analysis Through an Innovative Video-Based Approach
sensors Communication Quantitative and Qualitative Running Gait Analysis through an Innovative Video-Based Approach Laura Simoni 1,2, Alessandra Scarton 3, Claudio Macchi 2, Federico Gori 3, Guido Pasquini 2,* and Silvia Pogliaghi 1 1 Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (S.P.) 2 IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Florence, Italy; claudio.macchi@unifi.it 3 Microgate SRL, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (F.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Quantitative and qualitative running gait analysis allows the early identification and the longitudinal monitoring of gait abnormalities linked to running-related injuries. A promising calibration- and marker-less video sensor-based technology (i.e., Graal), recently validated for walking gait, may also offer a time- and cost-efficient alternative to the gold-standard methods for running. This study aim was to ascertain the validity of an improved version of Graal for quantitative and qualitative analysis of running. In 33 healthy recreational runners (mean age 41 years), treadmill running at self-selected submaximal speed was simultaneously evaluated by a validated photosensor system (i.e., Optogait—the reference methodology) and by the video analysis of a posterior 30-fps video of the runner through the optimized version of Graal. Graal is video analysis software that provides a spectral analysis of the brightness over time for each pixel of the video, in order to identify its frequency contents. The two main frequencies of variation of the pixel’s brightness (i.e., Citation: Simoni, L.; Scarton, A.; F1 and F2) correspond to the two most important frequencies of gait (i.e., stride frequency and Macchi, C.; Gori, F.; Pasquini, G.; cadence). -
Gait and Posture – Assessment in General Practice
THEME Musculoskeletal medicine Gait and posture Assessment in general practice BACKGROUND A basic analysis of a patient’s gait and posture provides information about the body and the capability of the musculoskeletal system to adjust to physical stressors. An understanding of normal gait and posture is essential for Kent Sweeting identifying and treating musculoskeletal pain. BHlthSc(Pod)(Hons), MAPodA, OBJECTIVE is a podiatrist, Brisbane, and a This article discusses normal gait and how to assess gait. It also outlines common musculoskeletal conditions and their researcher, Griffith University, Queensland. k.sweeting@ association with abnormal gait and posture. General practitioners can detect faulty postural syndromes and abnormal griffith.edu.au gait by visual scanning and awareness of pain referral patterns. Michael Mock DISCUSSION MBBS, MMed(PhysMed), Awareness of pain that can arise from faulty gait and posture will assist GPs to shift their focus away from structural FRACGP, FACPM, is a general diagnoses and unhelpful radiological investigations. The GP can become an effective facilitator of the prevention and practitioner, Wetherill Park rehabilitation of pain problems where abnormal gait and posture are found to be a main contributing factor. and St Leonards, New South Wales. Gait analysis is comparable to an X-ray or blood test; 40% respectively.5 Figure 1 summarises all events and it is a powerful investigative tool, which together with the timing of just over one complete gait cycle. When the patient history and physical examination, may examining gait, clinicians can fall into the trap of solely be used to assess and diagnose patients suffering focusing on the stance phase and miss vital pieces of musculoskeletal pain, and predict successful treatment information that can be gathered from the patient’s swing of these pathologies.1–3 Understanding the basic phase (eg.