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Eid Al-Fitr in 2021

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Eid Al-Fitr in 2021 Seminary Articles FIQH (LAW) & Journals Eid al-Fitr in 2021 By Mudassir Mayet IOK Seminary Graduate & Part-Time Seminary Instructor Eid al-Fitr in 2021 by Mudassir Mayet With the Name of God, The Infinitely Caring, Eternally Com- passionate. We sincerely praise and thank God to the highest ex- tent, and ask Him to bless, protect, honor, and compliment our Prophet and Messenger Muḥammad, his family, his compan- ions, and those that diligently follow them until the end of times. Dear God, please include us from amongst them. As we reach the end of this beautiful and amazing month of Ramaḍān, we ask Allāh to accept from us, increase us in goodness, and to be happy and pleased with us. We fur- ther express our gratitude by sincerely thanking our Lord and Master for blessing many of us with a somewhat nor- mal Ramaḍān. Many of us were able to pray at the Mas- jid, attend Friday and Jumuʿah Services, and partake in the nightly Tarāwīḥ Prayers. Yes—we had masks, had to bring our own rugs, and stand distanced from one another; but that miniscule struggle pales in comparison to the rewards we were able to reap this month. Alḥamdulillāh. Here in Greater LA, many of our Masājid and Islamic Cen- ters will be holding congregational Eid Prayers. We are truly grateful to God for this blessing. Many of us will be able to attend, pray together, declare Allāh’s Greatness, and greet family, friends, and beloved community members. Overview Eid al-Fiṭr is the first of the two Islamic holidays in the lu- nar year (the second being Eid al-Aḍḥā). The day celebrates the end of fasting during the blessed month of Ramaḍān. It is a day wherein we typically gather for a congregational ritual prayer and sermon in the morning, often followed by meeting with friends and family to celebrate the day by exchanging gifts and eating together. 1 IOKCHESS.COM/JOURNAL Eid al-Fitr in 2021 by Mudassir Mayet Should I attend the Eid Prayers?1 1. This is mainly geared towards resi- dents of Greater LA. The Eid Prayers are a very special and unique act of wor- ship that we only get to experience twice in a year, followed by a khuṭbah (sermon) addressing the entire Muslim Com- munity. We often find our Eid Congregations, compared to our Friday Jumuʿah Congregations, being twice as large, if not tenfold in some communities. Normally, attending the Eid Prayer is something that every single person in a household should do2. Every man, woman, child, and elder 2. According to the Ḥanafīs, the Eid Prayer is wājib (mandatory) for the should actively try to attend the Eid Ṣalāh. However, given one whom the Friday Prayer is oblig- the current circumstances, does that ruling change? atory (farḍ) upon. According to the Mālikīs and Shāfʿīs it is sunnah Our local governments have allowed us to congregate with muʾakkadah (emphasized sunnah). According to the Ḥanbalīs it is a com- specific guidelines, and many of our local Masājid and Is- munal obligation (farḍ kifāyah) — lamic Centers have set their own safety protocols to allow Al-Mawsūʿah Al-Fiqhiyyah Al-Ku- for Eid Congregations. Since we have the ability to safely waytiyyah v. 31 p. 114. and legally congregate, anyone that can safely attend should do their best to attend. That means that any person who is not immunocompromised, not currently sick, and meets the age requirements of their congregation should make an active effort to attend or register. If someone makes an attempt to attend or register but is turned away due to ca- pacity requirements or full registration, there is no sin or blame at all. If someone is unable to attend or even register due to re- strictions, requirements, capacity, or because they arrive late and miss the congregation, they have one of two op- tions: Option 1: Nothing needs to be done to make up for the missed Eid Prayer. There is no blame or sin, and no extra prayers need to be performed as a substitute.3 3. This is according to the Ḥanafī Option 2: school. 2 IOKCHESS.COM/JOURNAL Eid al-Fitr in 2021 by Mudassir Mayet The Eid Prayer can be prayed at home since the communal 4. This is according to the Mālikī, prayer was missed. It is not necessary to do so, but it is al- Shāfiʿī, and Ḥanbalī schools. This is 4 based on a narration by ʿUbayd Allāh lowed. For guidance on how to perform the Eid Prayer, see ibn Abī Bakr ibn Anas (raḥimahum the following: How to Spend Eid in Quarantine. If some- Allāh), saying that if his grandfather, one does not feel comfortable performing the Eid prayers Anas ibn Mālik (raḍiy Allāh ʿanh) on their own at home, they do not have to. It is not re- – the companion and servant of the quired to make it up if it is missed. Prophet – missed the communal Eid Prayer, he would gather his family together and would lead them in Eid In either case, anyone unable to pray with their local com- Ṣalāh just like the large communal munity who would like to pray something extra in the congregations. Al-Bayhaqī, al-Sunan morning time, can perform a generic 2-unit extra (nafl) al-Kubrā Bāb Ṣalāh al-ʿĪdayn Sun- 5 nah Ahl al-Islām ḥayth kānū #6237, prayer at home. v. 3 p. 427. Can I hold my own Eid Prayer at home? 5. Such as Ṣalāh al-Ḍuḥā According to Option 2 in the previous section, Eid prayer can only be performed at home by one if they were unable to make it to their communal Eid Prayer. So if someone did not meet the criteria of their local Masjid, was turned away due to capacity, or was late, only in these cases may they perform the Eid prayer at home. According to the vast ma- jority of scholars6, it will not be allowed to simply default to praying Eid Ṣalāh at home without having one of the valid excuses listed. 6. This is according to the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, and Ḥanbalī schools, and some Shāfiʿī scholars. It should be noted that we have seen very unusual circum- stances these past two years. Many of us prayed Eid Prayers at home last year. Many of us might not be praying Eid this year, or will be praying it at home with our families. We must make an active effort to not make Eid Ṣalāh at home become a habit once we are able to safely get back to a “nor- mal” way of life pre-COVID-19. Ṣadaqah al-Fiṭr/Zakāh al-Fiṭr “Zakāh al-Fiṭr” is also known as “Ṣadaqah al-Fiṭr.” It is a 3 IOKCHESS.COM/JOURNAL Eid al-Fitr in 2021 by Mudassir Mayet specific charity that is due before the Eid prayer. It is a means for the mistakes that we made while fasting to be overlooked, and for the needy to have a meal. Ibn ʿAbbās 7. A prayer typically used for the com- (raḍiy Allāh ʿanhumā7) told us that the Prophet mandat- panions of the Prophet meaning ed Zakāh al-Fiṭr as a means to clean and overlook the use- “May God be pleased with them.” less and obscene speech of those who fasted, and a means 8 of food for the poor. 8. Abū Dāwūd, al-Sunan Kitāb al- Zakāh Bāb Zakāh al-FiṭrAl-Kuwayti- The Prophet has taught us that those Muslims who are yyah v. 19 p. 186. able to pay9 Zakāh al-Fiṭr must pay it10. The amount that is 9. This exact amount is differed upon. to be given differs slightly based on the foodstuff calcula- The Ḥanafīs consider this to be the tion, but is estimated to be around $15. It is due upon each amount that makes one ineligible and every Muslim – man or woman, child or adult. The for Zakāh. This amount is known head of the household is responsible to pay it on behalf of as niṣāb ḥirmān al-zakāh, meaning that one has non-zakātable posses- all non-adult Muslim children. The head of the household sions that meet or exceed the niṣāb of can also pay on behalf of everyone in the house. If one has around $5,300 (as of 05/04/2021). not paid before the prayer, one is still required to pay after The Mālikīs consider this amount to the prayer. be the ability to pay it. The Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs consider this amount to be when an individual has more Recommended Actions than the bare necessities in terms of food for his or herself and their de- Eid is strongly rooted in declaring the greatness of our Lord pendents. — Al-Mawsūʿah Al-Fiqhi- and Master. As God Himself says, “[It is so that] you de- yyah Al-Kuwaytiyyah v. 23 p. 337. clare God to be the absolute greatest because He has guided 10. This is according to the vast ma- 11 you, and so that you are grateful.” With that comes the jority of scholars. Some Mālikis con- emulation of both the mindset and actions of our Proph- sider it sunnah. — Al-Mawsūʿah et Muḥammad . Here are a number of things that the Al-Fiqhiyyah Al-Kuwaytiyyah v. 23 p. 336. Prophet taught us to do on this beautiful day: ولِ ُت َكــروا ٱللَّ َــه َع َــى مــا َه َدى ُكــم — 2:185 .11 َ ِّ ُ ٰ َ ٰ Be extra clean. Shower (ghusl), brush your teeth, use .1 َولَ َعلَّ ُكــم تَ ُشــك ُر َون miswāk, and smell good.
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