DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Report 2002 English

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Report 2002 English Annual Report 2008 IOPC FUNDS ANNUAL REPORT 2008 INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUNDS PORTLAND HOUSE Telephone: +44 (0)20 7592 7100 OIL POLLUTION BRESSENDEN PLACE Telefax: +44 (0)20 7592 7111 LONDON SW1E 5PN E-mail: [email protected] COMPENSATION UNITED KINGDOM Website: www.iopcfund.org FUNDS REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUNDS IN 2008 Photograph on front cover: Hebei Spirit: Volunteer clean-up workers assembling on the beach Acknowledgements No photograph, map or graphic in this Annual Report may be reproduced without prior permission in writing from the IOPC Funds. Photographs by: Captain S K Kim, KOMOS pages 55, 126, 131 Carlos G. Cuesta y Asociados, SL page 100 General Marine Surveyors & Co. Ltd page 115 Government of Monaco page 46 Government of the Russian Federation page 121 IOPC Funds front cover ITOPF pages 78, 106, 112, 133 Panoptica pages 3, 9, 14, 24, 25, 26, 28, 31, 45 Maps by: ITOPF/Impact pages 110, 117 Graphs by: IOPC Funds/Impact pages 16, 20, 37, 38, 41, 49 Designed and produced in Great Britain by: Impact PR & Design Limited, 125 Blean Common, Blean, Canterbury, Kent CT2 9JH Telephone: +44 (0)1227 450022 Web site: www.impactprdesign.co.uk FOREWORD FOREWORD As Director of the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds), I am pleased to present the Annual Report for the year 2008. During 2008, the IOPC Funds celebrated their 30th anniversary, the 1971 Fund having been established in 1978. Since then the system has grown considerably: when the 1971 Fund was established it had just 14 Member States whilst 103 States had ratified the 1992 Fund Convention by the end of 2008. During these 30 years, the Funds have overcome many challenges and I am sure that many more lie ahead. One of the biggest challenges that the Funds’ Secretariat has had to face in recent years is the increasing complexity of incidents and the sheer number of individual claims that have to be Willem Oosterveen handled. Fortunately, there have been no new major incidents during 2008 but the Hebei Spirit incident in particular, which occurred in to consider the Protocol be held as soon as December 2007, is generating a huge number of possible in 2010 and I hope that, as a result, the claims. Whereas the Erika incident resulted in Convention will enter into force in the next few some seven thousand claims and the Solar 1 years. incident in some thirty-two thousand claims, the Hebei Spirit incident is expected to lead to more I would like to take this opportunity to thank than one hundred thousand. With such numbers, the Government of Monaco for its generosity in the use of modern technology is essential and the hosting the March 2008 meetings of the Funds Funds have therefore speeded up the and the Government of the United Kingdom for implementation of their new state-of-the-art web- its continued support as host government. based claims management system, which significantly facilitates the claims handling Last but not least, I would like to thank all my process. staff for their dedication to the Funds in 2008. The implementation of the HNS Convention I hope that readers will find this Report also moved a step forward during 2008 with the interesting and that it will help them understand successful development by the HNS Focus the role of the IOPC Funds within the Group of a draft Protocol designed to facilitate international oil pollution compensation regime. the rapid entry into force of the HNS Convention. The draft Protocol was approved by the 1992 Fund Assembly in June and was then considered by the Legal Committee of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in October. In November, the IMO Council endorsed in principle the Committee's Willem Oosterveen recommendation that a Diplomatic Conference Director 3 CONTENTS Foreword by the Director 3 Contents 5 Preface by the Chairman of the 1992 Fund Assembly 9 PART 1 1 Introduction 13 2 The Legal Framework 15 3 Membership of the IOPC Funds 19 3.1 1992 Fund 19 3.2 1971 Fund 19 3.3 Supplementary Fund 20 3.4 Developments over the years 20 4 External Relations 21 4.1 Promotion of 1992 Fund membership and information on Fund activities 21 4.2 Relations with international organisations and interested bodies 21 4.3 Website 22 4.4 Document Server 22 4.5 Records of Decisions database 22 5 The Funds’ Governing Bodies 24 6 Winding up of the 1971 Fund 29 6.1 Termination of the 1971 Fund Convention 29 6.2 Incidents pending 29 6.3 Distribution of the 1971 Fund’s remaining assets 29 6.4 Contributors in arrears 29 6.5 Non-submission of oil reports 29 7 Working Group on non-technical measures to promote quality shipping 30 7.1 Establishment of the Working Group 30 7.2 Key issues discussed and conclusions reached over the five meetings of the Working Group 30 7.3 Report to the Assembly 32 8 Administration of the IOPC Funds 33 8.1 Secretariat 33 8.2 Risk Management 33 8.3 Financial statements for 2007 33 8.4 Financial statements for 2008 34 8.5 Investment of funds 35 8.6 Audit Body 35 9 Contributions 37 9.1 The contribution system 37 9.2 Contribution levies/reimbursements 39 9.3 Contributions over the years 39 5 10 STOPIA 2006 and TOPIA 2006 42 10.1 Consideration of a possible review of the 1992 Conventions 42 10.2 Development of voluntary industry agreements 42 10.3 Overview of the voluntary agreements 42 10.4 Number of ships covered by STOPIA 2006 and TOPIA 2006 43 10.5 Incidents to which STOPIA 2006 applies 44 11 Preparations for the entry into force of the HNS Convention 45 11.1 The HNS Convention 45 11.2 Status of the Convention 45 11.3 The HNS Focus Group 45 11.4 Consideration by IMO’s Legal Committee 47 12 Settlement of claims 48 12.1 General 48 12.2 Admissibility of claims for compensation 48 12.3 Incidents involving the 1971 Fund 50 12.4 Incidents involving the 1992 Fund 51 PART 2 13 Incidents dealt with by the 1971 and 1992 Funds during 2008 55 14 1971 Fund Incidents 56 14.1 Vistabella 56 14.2 Aegean Sea 57 14.3 Iliad 59 14.4 Kriti Sea 60 14.5 Nissos Amorgos 61 14.6 Plate Princess 66 14.7 Katja 70 14.8 Evoikos 70 14.9 Pontoon 300 71 14.10 Al Jaziah 1 72 14.11 Alambra 74 15 1992 Fund Incidents 77 15.1 Erika 77 15.2 Al Jaziah 1 90 15.3 Slops 90 15.4 Prestige 95 15.5 No7 Kwang Min 107 15.6 Solar 1 109 15.7 Shosei Maru 114 15.8 Volgoneft 139 116 15.9 Hebei Spirit 125 15.10 Incident in Argentina 132 6 ANNEXES I Structure of the IOPC Funds 139 II Note on IOPC Funds’ Published Financial Statements for 2007 142 III 1971 Fund: Report of the External Auditor 143 IV 1971 Fund: Opinion of the External Auditor 150 V 1971 Fund: Income and Expenditure Account - General Fund 151 VI 1971 Fund: Income and Expenditure Account - Major Claims Funds 152 VII 1971 Fund: Balance Sheet 154 VIII 1971 Fund: Cash Flow Statement 156 IX 1992 Fund: Report of the External Auditor 157 X 1992 Fund: Opinion of the External Auditor 167 XI 1992 Fund: Income and Expenditure Account - General Fund 168 XII 1992 Fund: Income and Expenditure Account - Major Claims Funds 169 XIII 1992 Fund: Balance Sheet 170 XIV 1992 Fund: Cash Flow Statement 172 XV Supplementary Fund: Opinion of the External Auditor 173 XVI Supplementary Fund: Income and Expenditure account - General Fund 174 XVII Supplementary Fund: Balance Sheet 175 XVIII Supplementary Fund: Cash Flow Statement 176 XIX 1971 Fund: Key financial figures for 2008 177 XX 1992 Fund: Key financial figures for 2008 178 XXI Supplementary Fund: Key financial figures for 2008 179 XXII 1992 Fund: Contributing oil received in the calendar year 2007 in the territories of States which were Members of the 1992 Fund on 31 December 2008 180 XXIII Supplementary Fund: Contributing oil received in the calendar year 2007 in the territories of States which were Members of the Supplementary Fund on 31 December 2008 181 XXIV 1971 Fund: Summary of incidents 182 XXV 1992 Fund: Summary of incidents 204 7 PREFACE PREFACE I would like to start by thanking the government of Monaco for its generosity in hosting the March meeting of the IOPC Funds: I am sure that the many delegates who attended the meeting will all remember it with great pleasure. The Monaco meeting included the first session of the HNS Focus Group, which was established by the 1992 Fund Assembly in 2007 in order to facilitate the rapid entry into force of the HNS Convention. The Focus Group worked very speedily, with the able support of the Secretariat, and I sincerely hope that the resulting Protocol will be ratified quickly by many States so that victims of spills of hazardous and noxious substances can benefit from an international compensation system in the same way as victims of oil spills from tankers. Jerry Rysanek 2008 was a year which contained a number of anniversaries, being sixty and forty years respectively since the establishment of both the International Maritime Organization (IMO) commended by the auditors for their proactive and the International Tanker Owners Pollution approach to good governance and this is a clear Federation Limited (ITOPF), the Funds’ example of the resulting benefits.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download the Article
    Numerical Simulation of Propagation of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea Tsunami Through the Kerch Strait L. I. Lobkovsky1, R. Kh. Mazova2,*, E. A. Baranova2, A. M. Tugaryov2 1Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R. E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation *e-mail: [email protected] The present paper deals with the potential strong tsunamigenic earthquakes with the sources localized in the Black and Azov seas at the entrance and exit of the Kerch Strait, respectively. Since, at present time, the tsunami hazards are usually assessed for the critical earthquake magnitude values, potential strong earthquakes with a magnitude M = 7 are studied. The seismic sources of elliptical form are considered. When choosing the source location in the northeast of the Black Sea, the most seismically dangerous areas of the basin under consideration are allowed for. Numerical simulation is carried out within the framework of the nonlinear shallow water equations with the dissipative effects taken into account. Two possible scenarios of tsunami propagation at the chosen source locations are analyzed. The wave characteristics are obtained for a tsunami wave motion both from the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait to the Azov Sea. The symmetrical problem for a tsunami wave propagation from the Azov Sea through the Kerch Strait to the Black Sea is also considered. Spectral analysis of the tsunami wave field is carried out for the studied basin. The wave and energy characteristics of the tsunami waves in the area of the bridge across the Kerch Strait are subjected to the detailed examination and assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands
    Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands Kyiv–2003 Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands: Revised and updated. — Kyiv: Wetlands International, 2003. — 235 pp., 81 maps. — ISBN 90 5882 9618 Published by the Black Sea Program of Wetlands International PO Box 82, Kiev-32, 01032, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] Editor: Gennadiy Marushevsky Editing of English text: Rosie Ounsted Lay-out: Victor Melnychuk Photos on cover: Valeriy Siokhin, Vasiliy Kostyushin The presentation of material in this report and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expres- sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Wetlands International concerning the legal status of any coun- try, area or territory, or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or frontiers. The publication is supported by Wetlands International through a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries of the Netherlands and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands (MATRA Fund/Programme International Nature Management) ISBN 90 5882 9618 Copyright © 2003 Wetlands International, Kyiv, Ukraine All rights reserved CONTENTS CONTENTS3 6 7 13 14 15 16 22 22 24 26 28 30 32 35 37 40 43 45 46 54 54 56 58 58 59 61 62 64 64 66 67 68 70 71 76 80 80 82 84 85 86 86 86 89 90 90 91 91 93 Contents 3 94 99 99 100 101 103 104 106 107 109 111 113 114 119 119 126 130 132 135 139 142 148 149 152 153 155 157 157 158 160 162 164 164 165 170 170 172 173 175 177 179 180 182 184 186 188 191 193 196 198 199 201 202 4 Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands 203 204 207 208 209 210 212 214 214 216 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 230 232 233 Contents 5 EDITORIAL AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Directory is based on the national reports prepared for the Wetlands International project ‘The Importance of Black Sea Coastal Wetlands in Particular for Migratory Waterbirds’, sponsored by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Spill Detection in the Sea Using Almaz-1 and Ers-1
    ORSI 11/30/2011 Utilization of SAR and optical images/data for monitoring of the coastal environment What is an oil spill? Various petroleum products and their derivatives (petrol, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel, etc.) and their mixtures with water falling into the sea in different ways ... In the truest sense of the word oil pollution can not be considered, because the behavior in sea of crude oil and petroleum products are fundamentally different. So, correct to speak about slick pollution and to identify their. 1 ORSI 11/30/2011 What is a ship-made oil spills? Bilge or foul bilge waters (a mixture of different petroleum products with water accumulating on the bottom of vessels). Engine room wastes (a mixture of diffrenet petroleum products - a product of the engine rooms; must be stocked in a separate specific tank). Ballast waters (large quantities of water to maintain the proper balance of the ship - the content of oil residues is minimal). Tanker washing waters – waters produced during cleaning of tanks (usually in the open sea and/or in ports). Products of fish processing (fishing ship’ waste containing fish oil and frequently different petroleum products). Different products of human activity with oil residues - household, sewerage, waste waters etc. Why do we choose SAR imaging? The main advantages of SAR : all-weather and day-and-night capability, high resolution (1-20 m) coparable with optical images, wide swath width (100-500 km), high sensitivity to the sea surface roughness. Oil and petroleum products on the radar images are visible as dark patches. They form oil films on the sea surface, which dampen the small gravity-capillary waves, such way creating local smoothing of the sea surface; they are commonly called slicks.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidents Involving the 1992 Fund
    INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND 1992 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 92FUND/EXC.44/6 44th session 12 March 2009 Agenda item 3 Original: ENGLISH INCIDENTS INVOLVING THE 1992 FUND VOLGONEFT 139 Note by the Director Objective of To inform the Executive Committee of the latest developments regarding this document: incident. Summary of the On 11 November 2007 the Russian registered tanker Volgoneft 139 broke in two in incident so far: the Kerch Strait linking the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. It is believed that between 1 200 and 2 000 tonnes of fuel oil were spilt at the time of the incident. Some 250 kilometres of shoreline both in the Russian Federation and in Ukraine were affected by the oil. Shoreline clean up in the Russian Federation was reported to have been undertaken by local villagers, municipal and regional government employees, civil emergency services, private specialist pollution response companies and the Russian military. The ship was owned by JSC Volgotanker which has since been declared bankrupt by the Commercial Court in Moscow. The shipowner was insured for protection and indemnity liability by Ingosstrakh (Russian Federation). It appears that the insurance cover is limited to 3 million SDR (£2.9 million) <1> which is well below the minimum limit under the 1992 Civil Liability Convention (CLC) of 4.51 million SDR (£4.3 million). There is therefore an 'insurance gap' of some 1.5 million SDR (£1.4 million). The insurer does not belong to the International Group of P&I Clubs and therefore the Small Tanker Owners Pollution Indemnification Agreement (STOPIA) 2006 does not apply.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidents Involving the 1992 Fund
    INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND 1992 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 92FUND/EXC.41/8 41st session 30 May 2008 Agenda item 3 Original: ENGLISH INCIDENTS INVOLVING THE 1992 FUND VOLGONEFT 139 Note by the Director Objective of To inform the Executive Committee of the latest developments regarding this document: incident. Summary of the On 11 November 2007 the Russian registered tanker Volgoneft 139 broke in two in incident so far: the Strait of Kerch linking the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. It is believed that between 1 200 and 2 000 tonnes of fuel oil were spilt at the time of the incident. Some 50 kilometres of shoreline both in the Russian Federation and in Ukraine were affected by oil. Shoreline clean up in the Russian Federation was reported to have been undertaken by the Russian military. Heavy bird casualties, in excess of 30 000, were reported. The Russian Federation is party to the 1992 Civil Liability and 1992 Fund Conventions and is a 1992 Fund Member State whereas Ukraine is party to the 1992 Civil Liability Convention only. The ship was owned by JSC Volgotanker which has since been declared bankrupt by the Commercial Court in Moscow. The shipowner was insured for protection and indemnity liability by Ingosstrakh (Russian Federation). The insurance cover is limited to US$5 million (£2.5 million) which is well below the minimum limit under the 1992 Civil Liability Convention of 4.51 million SDR (£3.7 million) <1>. There is therefore an 'insurance gap' of some 1.5 million SDR (£1.2 million).
    [Show full text]
  • Compulsory Regulations (Final) PZ
    Approved by the order of Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation d/d__________ №________ Compulsory Regulations at seaport Kavkaz I. General Provisions 1. Compulsory regulations at seaport Kavkaz (hereinafter referred to as Compulsory Regulations) have been developed in accordance with Federal Law No. 261-FZ of November 8th, 2007, "About Seaports in the Russian Federation and introduction of amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation", Federal Law of April 30, 1999 No. 81-FZ "Merchant Shipping Code of the Russian Federation 1" (hereinafter referred to as MSC of the Russian Federation), General Rules of navigation and staying of the vessels in the Seaports of the Russian Federation and Approaches to them 2) (hereinafter referred to as General Rules). 2. These Compulsory Regulations contain a description of the seaport Kavkaz (hereinafter referred to as the Seaport); rules for the arrival of vessels into the seaport and the departure of vessels from the seaport, including arrangements for the safety of navigation for the arrival of vessels into the seaport and the departure of vessels from the seaport; rules of navigation in the water area of the seaport and in approaches to it; the description of the service area of vessel traffic control systems and the rules of navigation in these areas; rules for the staying of the vessels in the seaports with indication of their staying; rules for marine environmental protection including the establishment of types of shipboard wastes to be collected in the seaport, enforcement of the rules of quarantine regulations in the seaport; rules for special means of communication within the territory of the seaport; information about the seaport limits; information about the sea port approaches; information on the limits of the sea areas A1 and A2 of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (hereinafter referred to as 1 Russian Federation Code, 1999, No.18, art.2207; 2001, No.22; art.2125; 2003, No.27, art.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Spill Accident in the Kerch Strait in November 2007
    $PNNJTTJPOGPSUIF1SPUFDUJPO PGUIF#MBDL4FB"HBJOTU1PMMVUJPO /PWFNCFS 0JMTQJMMBDDJEFOUJOUIF,FSDI4USBJU t JO/PWFNCFS *4#/ 0JMTQJMMBDDJEFOUJOUIF,FSDI4USBJU .PTDPX 9 781565 924796 UA-459 Oil spill accident in the Kerch Strait in November 2007 UA-459 For bibliographic purposes this document shall be cited as: Oil spill accident in the Kerch Strait in November 2007. Edited by Alexander Korshenko, Yuriy Ilyin, Violeta Velikova. Black Sea Commission Publications 2011, Moscow, Nauka, 288 p. This book has been prepared with the financial support of the European Commission MONIN- FO project (Environmental Monitoring of the Black Sea Basin: Monitoring and Information Systems for Reducing Oil Pollution), as to enable coastal states to better address operation- al/accidental/illegal oil pollution aspects. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not im- ply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution nor of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its fron- tiers or boundaries. Moreover, the contents of the book and the views expressed do not nec- essarily represent an official view, or the decision or the stated policy of the Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution nor of the European Union, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowl- edgement of the source is made.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Sea-Level Changes and Submersion of Archaeological Sites
    N° 108 - 2007 2 Relative sea-level changes and submersion of archaeological sites along the northern shoreline of the Black Sea Variations relatives du niveau de la mer et submersion des vestiges archéologiques du littoral septentrional de la mer Noire Alexey POROTOV Geographical faculty, Moscow State University Russia [email protected] Abstract - This paper examines archaeological data from the northern Résumé - Cet article synthétise les données archéologiques disponi- coast of the Black Sea to evaluate the possibility of using them as sea-level bles le long du littoral septentrional de la mer Noire. L’objectif est d’éva- indicators for the past 3000 years. Despite the widespread presence of luer leur précision en terme de variation relative du niveau marin depuis submerged cultural remnants, limitations in the use of geoarchaeological 3000 ans. Paradoxalement, la grande richesse de vestiges submergés est as- indicators are related to the disturbance of cultural layers by wave action and sez peu utile pour préciser la mobilité du plan d’eau du fait des remaniements currents, and the scarcity of harbour remains. The review of existing data importants par la houle et les courants et de la rareté des sites portuaires from various sites shows the presence of submerged cultural layers that did fouillés. Cette étude conclut sur la présence d’une couche d’origine anthropi- not exceed 2.5-3.5 m below present, corroborating a slow sea-level rise during que vers 2,5-3,5 m sous le niveau marin actuel, décrivant une montée lente du the first millennium AD. niveau marin au premier millénaire de notre ère.
    [Show full text]
  • Cascading Ocean Basins: Numerical Simulations of the Circulation And
    Final Draft of the original manuscript: Stanev, E.V.; Grashorn, S.; Zhang, Y.J.: Cascading ocean basins: numerical simulations of the circulation and interbasin exchange in the Azov-Black-Marmara- Mediterranean Seas system In: Ocean Dynamics (2017) Springer DOI: 10.1007/s10236-017-1071-2 Cascading ocean basins: Numerical simulations of the circulation and inter-basin exchange in the Azov-Black-Marmara-Mediterranean Seas system E. V. Stanev, S. Grashorn, Y. J. Zhang Abstract: In this paper we use the unstructured grid model SCHISM to simulate the thermo- hydrodynamics in a chain of baroclinic, interconnected basins. The model shows a good skill in simulating the horizontal circulation and vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and currents. The magnitude and phases of the seasonal changes of circulation are consistent with earlier observations. Among the mesoscale and sub-basin scale circulation features that are realistically simulated are the anticyclonic coastal eddies, the Sebastopol and Batumi eddies, the Marmara Sea outflow around the southern coast of the Limnos Island, the pathway of the cold water originating from the shelf. The superiority of the simulations compared to earlier numerical studies is demonstrated with the example of model capabilities to resolve the strait dynamics, gravity currents originating from the straits, high-salinity bottom layer on the shallow shelf, as well as the multiple intrusions from the Bosporus Strait down to 700 m depth. The warm temperature intrusions from the strait produce the warm water mass in the intermediate layers of the Black Sea. One novel result is that the seasonal intensification of circulation affects the inter- basin exchange, thus allowing us to formulate the concept of circulation-controlled inter-basin exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • Discount Levitra Online
    ISSN 8755-6839 SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS Journal of Tsunami Society International Volume 37 Number 4 2018 TSUNAMI DANGER IN THE KERCH STRAIT R.Kh. Mazova, E.A. Baranova, Yu.G. Belov, Yu.I. Molev, S.M. Nikulin, V.D. Kuzin Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24, Minin st., 603095 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia ABSTRACT The numerical simulation of the tsunami wave propagation along the Kerch Strait is carried out with localization of possible sources at the entrances to the strait, both from the Black Sea and from the Sea of Azov. Under computation of both generation and tsunami propagation, a system of nonlinear shallow water equations was used. The potential strong earthquakes (with earthquake magnitude M ~ 7) with seismic sources of elliptical shape were considered. Detailed assessments of the wave characteristics in the Kerch Strait, in particular for the Crimean bridge area, were carried out. The obtained wave characteristics are compared with the available data of the work of other authors. Key words: earthquake source, tsunami waves, numerical simulation, spectral characteristics of the wave field. Vol 37. No. 4, page 211 (2018) 1. INTRODUCTION As known, the Kerch Strait divides the Kerch Peninsula of the Crimea and the Taman Peninsula of continental Russia. On the other hand, it connects the water areas of the Black and Azov Seas, so that the Sea of Azov, as a relatively small water basin, can in fact be considered as a gulf of the Black Sea. It should be noted that the geological conditions in the Kerch Strait are quite complex - seismicity, tectonic fracture, weak soils.
    [Show full text]
  • The Total Suspended Matter Concentration Field in the Kerch Strait Based on Optical Observations
    The Total Suspended Matter Concentration Field in the Kerch Strait Based on Optical Observations P. D. Lomakin, A. I. Chepyzhenko, A. A. Chepyzhenko* Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation *e-mail: [email protected] Based on results of several expeditions, carried out in 2001–2014, ideas about the total suspended matter (TSM) sources were obtained. The main features of the TSM concentration field structure in the Kerch Strait waters were revealed. It was shown, that the natural TSM field is being significantly distorted by anthropogenic impact. The most significant anthropogenic TSM sources include the op- erating ports on the Kerch Strait and in the Sea of Azov shores, industrial enterprises, sewage collec- tors, cargo terminals and landfill sites. The spatial scale of their effect was estimated. It was found, that the waters with excess TSM content are also saturated by dissolved organic matter (DOM) of anthropogenic origin. In the Kerch Strait, a frontal section in the TSM concentration field was found. It was revealed that depending on the Strait waters pollution degree the frontal section in the TSM field content cannot always be sufficiently viewed. It changes shape, shifts relative to thermohaline front and sometimes changes the horizontal gradient sign. It is found that the Black and the Sea of Azov waters have qualitatively different signs of total suspended matter vertical stratification. The Sea of Azov waters, unexposed to anthropogenic impact are characterized by non-monotonic TSM distribution. The TSM streams from the Sea of Azov contain the lenses of high TSM content, which alternate with the lenses of low TSM content.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Monitoring of Sea Ice Conditions in the Kerch Strait by Remote Sensing Data
    Long-term monitoring of sea ice conditions in the Kerch Strait by remote sensing data Olga Yu. Lavrova*a, Marina I. Mityaginaa, Tatiana Yu. Bocharovaa, Andrey G. Kostianoyb,c aSpace Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, Russia, 117997; bP.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimovski pr., Moscow, Russia, 117997; cS.Yu. Witte Moscow University, 12 2nd Kozhukhovskiy proezd, Moscow, Russia,115432 ABSTRACT The results of multi-year satellite monitoring of ice conditions in the Kerch Strait connecting the Black and Azov Seas are discussed. The issue gained importance in view of the ongoing construction of the Crimean Bridge across the strait. Our monitoring has been based on the whole variety of available satellite data including visible and radar data over the past 17 years. Every year the Azov Sea becomes fully or partially covered by ice during the cold season. In severe winters, ice often is carried to the Kerch Strait and even the Black Sea. An analysis of ice drift hydrometeorological conditions is presented. The ice conditions of 2017 are under special consideration. Everyday satellite monitoring of the Kerch Strait, including the construction area of the Crimean Bridge, revealed ice formation and drift features on the way from the Azov Sea through the Kerch Strait as well as ice interaction with the piers of the main and technological bridges under construction. It was found that, even under strong northeast winds, ice can pass neither through the piers, nor via the widest shipway. At present, it is hard to discern the impacts of the two bridges on floating ice, nevertheless when the construction is over and the technological bridge is gone, by all appearances the main bridge will strongly affect ice conditions in the Kerch Strait.
    [Show full text]