Strengthening Our Roots
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Strengthening Our Roots A Practical Service Delivery Guide for Community-Based Responses to Sexual Assault Table of Contents Part One: Laying the Groundwork 1. History 6 2. Definitions, Statistics, and Language 7 3. Community Action Towards Ending Sexual Assault 9 a. Beliefs 10 b. Principles 11 c. Action 12 4. Minimum Core Services 13 5. Community Engagement 15 Part Two: Building a Community Response to Sexual Assault 1. A Survivor’s Needs – Minimum Core Services in Action 19 2. General Intervention Principles 25 3. 24 Hour Crisis Support 26 4. Short & Long Term Counselling 27 5. Trained Professionals and Service Providers 28 6. Service Delivery Coordination 29 7. Community Awareness 31 Part Three: Community Based Sexual Assault Responses 1. Branching Out 33 2. Establishing a Sexual Assault Response Team a. What is a SART 35 b. Community Engagement 37 c. Implementation 39 3. Personal Growth Workshops for Survivors of Sexual Assault a. What to consider when providing workshops or support 42 groups b. Sample Agenda 43 4. Establishing 24 Hour Sexual Assault Crisis Support a. From Dream to Reality 47 b. Crisis Support to Short Term Counselling – Filling a Gap 48 Part Four: The Fredericton Sexual Assault Crisis Centre 1. History of FSACC 50 2. Programs and Services 51 3. 24 Hour Crisis Response 52 a. Crisis Intervention Models 53 4. Volunteer Crisis Intervention Program 59 5. Counselling Program 61 a. Counselling Philosophy at FSACC 62 6. FSACC’s Feminist Perspective on Sexual Assault 64 Part Five: Community and Government Resources Provincial Services 67 Region 1 : Kent, Westmorland, and Albert County 69 Region 2 : Kings, St. John, and Charlotte County 72 Region 3 : Queens, Sunbury, York, Carleton, and Victoria County 75 Region 4 : Madawaska, Restigouche-West, and Victoria-North County 79 Region 5 : Restigouche-East County 81 Region 6 : Gloucester County 83 Region 7 : Northumberland County 85 HHooww ttoo UUssee tthhiiss GGuuiiddee There has been much progress made on increasing our communities’ responses to sexual assault. Communities have assessed their needs for sexual assault services, and have identified the assets and resources that already exist in their communities that can be expanded. Communities have come together to learn, share, and collaborate. Communities are now prepared to look at models of service delivery and begin enhancing or establishing a better response to sexual assault for victims and survivors in their community. New Brunswick communities are working together to train professionals and service providers, look at options for long and short term counselling, increase community awareness, working towards 24 hour support and coordinating existing services in order to minimize gaps and respond to the needs of survivors efficiently, respectfully, and competently. This service delivery guide has been written to provide guidance to communities that are ready to take the next step in responding to sexual assault. Community-based sexual assault services are imperative to any strategy to address this issue. This guide will give information on how to build a strong foundation to begin this work, provide an overview of the minimum core services framework and how it is implemented. The guide will then look at three service delivery models that were implemented in New Brunswick communities and share important information from those working on the front line on the successes and challenges of implementing these services. The guide will also highlight the Fredericton Sexual Assault Centre. As the only Sexual Assault Centre in the province, FSACC has a rich history of providing community based sexual assault services and will share its experiences Finally, included in this guide is a resource listing of government and community services available to those affected by sexual assault. This listing of services includes provincial resources as well as community-based services. It is hoped that this listing will serve as a valuable resource for community as they look forward in addressing needs of all those affected by sexual assault. PPPPPPaaaaaarrrrrrtttttt OOOOOOnnnnnneeeeee:::::: LLLLLLaaaaaayyyyyyiiiiiinnnnnngggggg tttttthhhhhheeeeee GGGGGGrrrrrroooooouuuuuunnnnnnddddddwwwwwwoooooorrrrrrkkkkkk History In May 2005, “A Better World for Women – Moving Forward 2005- 2010” was launched by the Government of New Brunswick with the establishment of province-wide sexual assault services as a priority action. Working with the Fredericton Sexual Assault Crisis Centre, the province’s only sexual assault centre, to implement a provincial strategy, the Government of New Brunswick’s proposed community- based approach is to work through and with regional violence prevention groups and networks. Through forums, trainings and resource development, the Provincial Strategy on Sexual Assault Services has been collaborating with New Brunswick communities to support the establishment and enhancement of services. Through these collaborations, it became clear that communities are dedicated to support those who have been affected by sexual assault. As the Provincial Strategy progresses, communities have moved from learning about sexual assault and its effects on the lives of individuals, to assessing what the needs are in their communities, to engaging other stakeholders to develop and implement their own priorities. Now is the time to nurture the seeds of change for all those in New Brunswick who are affected by sexual assault. It can be overwhelming when deciding where to begin. This service delivery manual is intended to help your community address the sometimes difficult questions when establishing services. We hope the information found in this guide will help your community develop effective services for the future. 6 Definitions and Statistics The following terms may be used throughout the guide. Sexual Assault: Any form of sexual activity (kissing, fondling, touching, oral sex, sexual intercourse) without consent . Rape: Sexual intercourse without consent . This term is no longer used in the Criminal Code of Canada, but is still used to describe forced sexual activity. Stranger Sexual Assault: Sexual assault of a person by someone who the victim does not know (occurs in approximately 22% of sexual assault cases). Acquaintance Sexual Assault: Sexual assault of a person by someone known to the victim, but not a romantic interest. Date Sexual Assault: Sexual assault of a person by someone known to the victim, and seen as a romantic interest. Relationship Sexual Assault: Sexual assault of a person by a partner in a long- term romantic relationship. Percentage of women sexual assaulted in Canada: 39% Percentage of victims who are women or girls: 82% Percentage of offenders who are men: 98% Percentage of attackers know to the victim: 78% Percentage of assaults that occurred in the home: 67% Percentage of sexual assaults reported to police: 6% Percentage of women with disabilities who will be physically or sexually assaulted: 83% Percentage of Aboriginal women who have been sexually assaulted: 57% (Definitions and Statistics taken from The Empowerment Project: Assertiveness and Self-Protection Training for Women and Girls) 7 Use of Language Survivor versus Victim: Different disciplines (especially those concerned with the legal or medical aspects of sexual assault) will refer to those who have been sexually assaulted as victims. In most cases in this manual, we will use the term survivor to honour and recognize the healing journey of those who have been sexually assaulted. Pronouns: In recognition that that majority of sexual assault survivors are female, the female pronoun will often be used when discussing survivors or victims of sexual assault. When discussing alleged perpetrators of sexual assault, the male pronoun is often used because the majority of alleged perpetrators are male. 8 Community Action Community action toward ending sexual assault A Preventative Model Sexual assault is a complicated human issue and its prevention requires action in many areas of community development. The model below reflects a comprehensive diagram of those areas involved in the prevention process. This model was adapted from “A Community Model for Addressing Sexual Violence in Antigonish County”, June 1995 . Action Toward Ending Sexual Assault Beliefs and Values Guiding Principles Community Action Community Programs and Services 9 Community Beliefs The first step of community development towards Stereotypical ending sexual assault gender roles is to ensure the Inequality is a support an acceptance community is aligned root cause of attitude with established core sexual assault. towards sexual beliefs of the issue. assault. Fundamentally, these FOUR FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS beliefs drive the overall direction of Shared survivor the preventive experience is Men and boys process. are part of the essential to prevention. solution. Communities should be aware of the four essential beliefs noted above and may also have others that they wish to identify and name. 1. Inequality is a root cause of sexual assault. Inequality occurs when one person has more choice, resources and power than another person. Victim demographics and statistics indicate that sexual assault is a crime where the perpetrator feels they need to control someone. 2. Stereotypical gender roles support an acceptance attitude towards sexual assault. Gender stereotypical statements exist within the fabric of our society. In the context of sexual assault for example, the societal belief that women