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Population Genetic Analysis of the Estonian Native Horse Suggests Diverse and Distinct Genetics, Ancient Origin and Contribution from Unique Patrilines
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Population Genetic Analysis of the Estonian Native Horse Suggests Diverse and Distinct Genetics, Ancient Origin and Contribution from Unique Patrilines Caitlin Castaneda 1 , Rytis Juras 1, Anas Khanshour 2, Ingrid Randlaht 3, Barbara Wallner 4, Doris Rigler 4, Gabriella Lindgren 5,6 , Terje Raudsepp 1,* and E. Gus Cothran 1,* 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA 2 Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA 3 Estonian Native Horse Conservation Society, 93814 Kuressaare, Saaremaa, Estonia 4 Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria 5 Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden 6 Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.R.); [email protected] (E.G.C.) Received: 9 August 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019; Published: 20 August 2019 Abstract: The Estonian Native Horse (ENH) is a medium-size pony found mainly in the western islands of Estonia and is well-adapted to the harsh northern climate and poor pastures. The ancestry of the ENH is debated, including alleged claims about direct descendance from the extinct Tarpan. Here we conducted a detailed analysis of the genetic makeup and relationships of the ENH based on the genotypes of 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), 18 Y chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mitochondrial D-loop sequence and lateral gait allele in DMRT3. -
PIS the E-BARQ Questionnaire Will Take Approximately 20
05/10/2020 Qualtrics Survey Software English PIS The E-BARQ questionnaire will take approximately 20 - 30 minutes to complete. E-BARQ is voluntary and your information is confidential. If you answer all of the questions, you will receive a Share-&-Compare graph on completion. This graph will show you where your horse compares to the population on 14 different categories, including Trainability, Rideability, Social Confidence and so on. Please respond to all questions to receive your graph (which can be found on your E-BARQ dashboard (under the E-BARQ Results tab) , immediately on completion). Please click here to download the E-BARQ personal information statement. I have read and agreed to the Personal Information Statement and Terms and Conditions of the E-BARQ project. Yes No (this option will remove you from E-BARQ) https://sydney.qualtrics.com/Q/EditSection/Blocks/Ajax/GetSurveyPrintPreview?ContextSurveyID=SV_3dVyqziNawK514h&ContextLibraryID=U… 1/85 05/10/2020 Qualtrics Survey Software Your email address registered: ${e://Field/user} Is this your FIRST time completing an E-BARQ questionnaire? Select 'No' if you already have an E-BARQ Dashboard (have completed an E-BARQ for another horse). Yes No, I have completed an E-BARQ previously 1st E-BARQ Demographics Are you? In which country do you reside? https://sydney.qualtrics.com/Q/EditSection/Blocks/Ajax/GetSurveyPrintPreview?ContextSurveyID=SV_3dVyqziNawK514h&ContextLibraryID=U… 2/85 05/10/2020 Qualtrics Survey Software What is your age? Are you RIGHT or LEFT handed? Demographics Your horse's name: ${e://Field/horsename} Your horse's E-BARQ ID: ${e://Field/ebarqid} You are welcome to complete one E-BARQ for each horse that you own but this survey will refer only to the horse named here. -
List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below. -
Assessment of Demographic Bottleneck in Indian Horse and Endangered Pony Breeds
c Indian Academy of Sciences ONLINE RESOURCES Assessment of demographic bottleneck in Indian horse and endangered pony breeds A. K. GUPTA1∗, MAMTA CHAUHAN1, ANURADHA BHARDWAJ1 and R. K. VIJH2 1National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125 001, India 2National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resource, Karnal 132 001, India [Gupta A. K., Chauhan M., Bhardwaj A. and Vijh R. K. 2015 Assessment of demographic bottleneck in Indian horse and endangered pony breeds. J. Genet. 94, e56–e62. Online only: http://www.ias.ac.in/jgenet/OnlineResources/94/e56.pdf] Introduction place in some of the endangered pony breeds. Therefore it is important to identify bottlenecked populations for con- Bottleneck study of any continuously decreasing popula- servation of breed(s) as conservation of any breed is very tion is important and crucial issue in its conservation strate- important because the loss of animal species or subspecies gies including the analysis of simulated and real populations may represent a social or economic loss to human pop- (Williamson-Natesan 2005;Buschet al. 2007). A bottle- ulation, especially in developing countries. Further, India neck in a population can increase the rate of inbreeding, loss being a signatory to the State of the World Animal Genetic of genetic variation, fixation of deleterious alleles, thereby Resources (SoWAnGR) needs to characterize, document and reducing evolutionary potential of animals to adapt to new conserve these indigenous breeds. DNA-based molecular selective pressures, such as climatic change or shift in avail- genetics methods, which provide a powerful tool for infer- able resources and increasing the probability of population ring the demographic history of a population namely multi- extinction (Frankham 1995). -
Biodiversity of Arabian Horses in Syria
Biodiversity of Arabian horses in Syria Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum agriculturarum (Dr. rer. agr.) eingereicht an der Lebenswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin von M.Sc. Saria Almarzook Präsidentin der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Sabine Kunst Dekan der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Bernhard Grimm Gutachterin/Gutachter Prof. Dr. Gudrun Brockmann Prof. Dr. Dirk Hinrichs Prof. Dr. Armin Schmitt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. September 2018 Dedication This research is dedicated to my homeland …Syria Contents Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................................... I Summary ............................................................................................................................... VI List of publications and presentations .................................................................................. XII List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................ XIII List of figures ....................................................................................................................... XIV List of tables ......................................................................................................................... XV 1. General introduction and literature review ..................................................................... 1 1.1. Domestication and classification -
Model Equine Photo Showers Association Facebook Page
FEATURES: Volume 11 JULY-SEPT 2014 GET READY FOR THE QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER NEW SHOW SEASON EDITOR: Elizabeth Jones The Mysterious Mare! By Alexa Goudy ON PAGE 11 http://mepsa1.tripod.com/mepsa.htm MEPSA is an educational group for model horse enthusiasts, promoting the hobby of model horse mail-in photo showing. Editor note: I am typing this newsletter with one finger due to the fact I broke my arm! Annual Championship…is underway! As of this writing division A and the mini division have been judged! With any luck, the show will be completed by the end of July and the book will go to print in early August! MEPSA is an open, photo show organization. You do not need to pay any membership fees to show. No registration needed. Just send your models, return envelope and your show fee, and you will be competing with some of the best. Not quite there yet? MEPSA also has a Novice division, designed to help coach new MEPSA showers to reach the level they need to achieve to be successful in the open division! Contact Marie Phillips ([email protected]) if you have questions about entering novice shows! It’s time to prep for the new show season! Like you, I am biting my nails waiting for championship results. To distract myself I am taking new (hopefully improved) photos and labeling them for the next MEPSA season. – In support of that endeavor –this newsletter will include information on things like: where to show your halter horse, how to take winning photos, getting into the performance arena tacking up for English pleasure, etc. -
Programs That Extend the Useful Lives of Horses
PROGRAMS THAT EXTEND THE USEFUL LIVES OF HORSES: Supply and demand — they are the ingredients that form the foundation for near- ly all successful business models. Markets are sound and profitable when there is a healthy balance between the two. The theory holds true for the horse market as well. Often, however, owners may not be aware of the demands that exist for horses that may be “unwanted” by some, but desired by others. The purpose of this chapter is to show some of the many programs already in place by horse breed organizations and other groups, in which horses are needed by participants. From trail riding enthusiasts to horse show exhibitors, people are searching every day for horses that fit their lifestyles and interests. By understanding the activities encouraged by breed organizations, owners of some unwanted horses might find a good fit, and a good market, among people seeking horses for organized shows and rec- reational events. Following is a listing of some of the most popular programs and activities underway today and some true-life stories of unwanted horses that developed into champions. Competitive Horse Shows: Nearly all horse breed associations offer opportunities for friendly competition. Although a horse may be retired or reaching advanced years of maturity, horse shows offer outlets to help keep the horse active and involved. The registries offer several different disciplines with classes ranging from leadline to saddle seat pleasure to barrel racing. A horse owner can often find a way to keep horses involved for a long time in the variety of disciplines offered in the showing world. -
Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices
1 Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices 2 Appendix 1. Full breed list, listed alphabetically. Breeds searched (* denotes those identified with inherited disorders) # Breed # Breed # Breed # Breed 1 Ab Abyssinian 31 BF Black Forest 61 Dul Dülmen Pony 91 HP Highland Pony* 2 Ak Akhal Teke 32 Boe Boer 62 DD Dutch Draft 92 Hok Hokkaido 3 Al Albanian 33 Bre Breton* 63 DW Dutch Warmblood 93 Hol Holsteiner* 4 Alt Altai 34 Buc Buckskin 64 EB East Bulgarian 94 Huc Hucul 5 ACD American Cream Draft 35 Bud Budyonny 65 Egy Egyptian 95 HW Hungarian Warmblood 6 ACW American Creme and White 36 By Byelorussian Harness 66 EP Eriskay Pony 96 Ice Icelandic* 7 AWP American Walking Pony 37 Cam Camargue* 67 EN Estonian Native 97 Io Iomud 8 And Andalusian* 38 Camp Campolina 68 ExP Exmoor Pony 98 ID Irish Draught 9 Anv Andravida 39 Can Canadian 69 Fae Faeroes Pony 99 Jin Jinzhou 10 A-K Anglo-Kabarda 40 Car Carthusian 70 Fa Falabella* 100 Jut Jutland 11 Ap Appaloosa* 41 Cas Caspian 71 FP Fell Pony* 101 Kab Kabarda 12 Arp Araappaloosa 42 Cay Cayuse 72 Fin Finnhorse* 102 Kar Karabair 13 A Arabian / Arab* 43 Ch Cheju 73 Fl Fleuve 103 Kara Karabakh 14 Ard Ardennes 44 CC Chilean Corralero 74 Fo Fouta 104 Kaz Kazakh 15 AC Argentine Criollo 45 CP Chincoteague Pony 75 Fr Frederiksborg 105 KPB Kerry Bog Pony 16 Ast Asturian 46 CB Cleveland Bay 76 Fb Freiberger* 106 KM Kiger Mustang 17 AB Australian Brumby 47 Cly Clydesdale* 77 FS French Saddlebred 107 KP Kirdi Pony 18 ASH Australian Stock Horse 48 CN Cob Normand* 78 FT French Trotter 108 KF Kisber Felver 19 Az Azteca -
American Shetland Pony Club Inc 2018 AMHR Nationals September 6
American Shetland Pony Club Inc 2018 AMHR Nationals September 6-16, 2018 Built Ford Tough Livestock Complex, Expo Square Tulsa, Oklahoma Entries Close July 23, 2018 www.shetlandminiature.com 1 2018 AMHR Nationals TITLE SPONSOR 2 2018 American Miniature Horse Registry National Show Youth and Amateur Divisions Portia Sue Kalinka – Chilton, WI James McKeith – Coleman, MI Patricia Reiter, Columbus, MT Open Halter Division Rob Crater – Seattle, WA Gordon Odegard – Rockford, IL Janice Silvio – Allenton, MI Open Performance Division Patrick Derrick – Sioux Falls, SD James Knight – Garden City, MO Laurie Villalpando – Hooper, UT Futurity Judge Amateur & Jackpot Incentive Classes Richard Petty – Jacksonville, OR Mustang Arena Sandra Croote – Esperance, NY Curt Summers – Green Valley, AZ Margo Shallcross, Bulverde, TX National Show Stewards Lea Dill – Walworth, NY Randy Martin – Danvers, IL Mike Mounts – Grove City, OH 3 Official 2018 AMHR NATIONALS Photographer Photographs will be taken by Casey McBride during the sessions and will be available directly through him. Video will be provided by CPE1LiveCast (Chris Eaton). Arrangements may be made before the session or by calling. Commercial Photographers at all national shows are limited to Press Photographers Only. Press photographers (anyone taking pictures for newspapers or periodic publications) will be required to sign an agreement stating that they will abide by official AMHR Show rules and any photographs they take are to be used for editorial purposes only and are not to be sold under any circumstances. Press passes can only be obtained from the horse show office. Cameras with detachable lenses or lenses of more than two inches are prohibited. Any camera lens greater than two inches is considered professional equipment and is not permitted in the arena buildings or into the competition arenas to include seating areas. -
Model Equine Photo Showers Association
NOTICES: Volume 15 Champ show underway! JUL-SEPT 2015 QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER Holiday contest deadline EDITOR: Elizabeth Jones extended! DISTRIBUTION: Marie Phillips Time for Elections! http://mepsa1.tripod.com Prepare for 2015-16 season! FEATURE: Hunter Derbies MEPSA is an educational group for model horse enthusiasts, promoting the hobby of model horse mail-in photo showing. The purpose of this newsletter is to provide information to showers who do not have internet access. It is mailed free of charge (courtesy of Marie Phillips). The newsletter is also available by email and on the website as a secondary source of information and updates for all members. NEWS Mini CM contest won by Lynette Sayers. Thank you to all entrants. Most of the entries were sold to raise money for the championship show. What’s your favorite holiday? Holiday contest - Deadline extended to August 15. This is a fun one! Choose your favorite holiday: Halloween, Christmas, Hanukkah, July 4 … whatever. You can make a costume; customize a holiday horse or a prop. This contest is wide open and is bound to be a lot of fun! Donations: It is not too late to sponsor a class or a division in the championship show. If you sponsor a class ($5 or a prize of approx. that value) then the winner in the class of your choice will win your prize, and you will be listed in the results as the sponsor of that class. Division sponsorship is $20 or a prize of that value to be awarded to the Grand Champion of your choice. -
G2780 Horse Registries and Associations | University of Missouri Extension
G2780 Horse Registries and Associations | University of Missouri Extension http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPrinterFriendlyPub.aspx?P=G2780 University of Missouri Extension G2780, Revised January 2006 Horse Registries and Associations Wayne Loch Department of Animal Sciences Light horses Albino International American Albino Association, Inc. (American Creme and American White Horse) Rt. 1, Box 20 Naper, Neb. 68755 Andalusian International Andalusian and Lusitano Horse Association 101 Carnoustie Box 115 Shoal Creek, Ala. 35242 205-995-8900 Fax 205-995-8966 www.andalusian.com Appaloosa Appaloosa Horse Club Inc. 5070 Hwy. 8 West Moscow, Idaho 83843 208-882-5578 Fax 208-882-8150 www.appaloosa.com 1 of 18 12/11/2009 4:16 PM G2780 Horse Registries and Associations | University of Missouri Extension http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPrinterFriendlyPub.aspx?P=G2780 Arabian Arabian Horse Registry of America, Inc. PO Box 173886 Denver, Colo. 80217-3886 303-450-4748 Fax 303-450-2841 www.theregistry.org Inernational Arabian Horse Registry of North America and Partblood Arabian Registry of North America 12465 Brown-Moder Road. Marysville, Ohio 43040 Phone and Fax 937-644-5416 International Arabian Horse Association 10805 E. Bethany Dr. Aurora, Colo. 80014 303-696-4500 Fax 303-696-4599 iaha.com Missouri Arabian Horse Association 4340 Hwy. K New Haven, Mo. 63068 573-237-4705 American Bashkir Curly Registry Box 246 Ely, Nev. 89301 702-289-4999 Fax 702-289-8579 The Northwest Curly Horse Association 15521 216th Ave. NE Woodinville, Wash. 98072 206-788-9852 Buckskin American Buckskin Registry Association PO Box 3850 Redding, Calif. 96049-3850 Phone and Fax 916-223-1420 International Buckskin Horse Association 2 of 18 12/11/2009 4:16 PM G2780 Horse Registries and Associations | University of Missouri Extension http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPrinterFriendlyPub.aspx?P=G2780 PO Box 357 St. -
The Importance of the DMRT3 Mutation on Riding Traits and Gaits in Standardbred and Nordic Trotters
The importance of the DMRT3 mutation on riding traits and gaits in Standardbred and Nordic trotters Kim Jäderkvist Fegraeus Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics [email protected] 2015-09-03 OUTLINE • Standardbred & Nordic trotters • DMRT3 • Aims • Materials and Methods • Results • Summary • Implications • Acknowledgements TROTTERS AS RIDING HORSES • Standardbreds can compete in harness racing until 10 or 12 years of age • Nordic trotters can compete until 15 years of age • Breeding and riding after their career • Trotters are known for having difficulties with canter INTRODUCTION – DMRT3, THE ”GAIT KEEPER” GENE • Normally three different gaits; walk, trot and canter • About 70 breeds with alternative gaits • Major discovery 2012 - DMRT3 • Favorable impact on alternative gaits and performance in horses competing in harness races DISTRIBUTION OF MUTATION ACROSS BREEDS BREED CC CA AA Gaited Icelandic Horse 3 105 149 Rocky Mountain Horse 0 0 17 Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse 0 2 20 Missouri Fox Trotters 0 0 40 Peruvian Paso 0 0 19 Paso Fino 0 0 45 Standardbred Pacers 0 0 37 Tennessee Walkers 0 1 32 Non-Gaited Gotland Pony 28 0 0 Swedish Ardenne 22 0 0 Swedish Warmblood 35 0 0 Arabian 29 0 0 Thoroughbred 35 0 0 Shetland Pony 20 0 0 North Swedish Draft 31 0 0 AIMS OF THE STUDY To investigate whether the DMRT3 mutation negatively influence canter ability and riding performance in Standardbred and Nordic trotters MATERIALS AND METHODS • 115 Standardbreds and 55 Nordic trotters used for riding