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When East Meets West : an Exploratory Study of How Reiki Is Integrated Into Psychodynamic Practice

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When East Meets West : an Exploratory Study of How Reiki Is Integrated Into Psychodynamic Practice Smith ScholarWorks Theses, Dissertations, and Projects 2011 When East meets West : an exploratory study of how Reiki is integrated into psychodynamic practice Kimberly Ann Winnegge Smith College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Winnegge, Kimberly Ann, "When East meets West : an exploratory study of how Reiki is integrated into psychodynamic practice" (2011). Masters Thesis, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/1030 This Masters Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Projects by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kim Winnegge: When East Meets West: An Exploratory Study on How Reiki is Integrated into Psychodynamic Practice ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to explore the experience of mental health professionals who use Reiki in their therapeutic practice. Secondly, the study examined clinicians’ perceptions of the efficacy of Reiki in a mental health setting. Recruitment letters were sent out via internet professional listservs to individuals who held both Reiki certification and mental health licensure. Sixteen participants, twelve social workers and four licensed mental health counselors, were interviewed regarding their views on the integration of Reiki within their practice. Narrative data was collected that described clinicians’ personal experiences with Reiki, their practice and how they considered Reiki as a therapeutic intervention within their profession. The findings of this study supported the previous literature that Reiki has been proven to alleviate tension and anxiety, decrease the perception of pain improve communication among clinician and client, and reduce emotional distress. Virtually all the clinicians in the sample noted that Reiki speeds up the therapeutic process for their clients as well as creating a body-mind awareness that may have been lacking before Reiki integration. Findings from this research may contribute to the ongoing dialogue regarding therapeutic touch and body-based clinical social work practice. As shifting trends indicate a need for an expanded approach to healing, including holistic medicine, the following research may convey an implication for expanded education in clinical social work practice. WHEN EAST MEETS WEST: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON HOW REIKI IS INTEGRATED INTO PSYCHODYNAMIC PRACTICE A project based upon an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work. Kim Winnegge 2011 Smith College School for Social Work Northampton, Massachusetts 01063 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis could not have been accomplished without the assistance of many people whose contributions are gratefully acknowledged. I wish to thank my participants, without whom my research could never have been completed; my research advisor, Jean LaTerz, for her patient and dedicated guidance; my classmates, whose parallel processes kept me in check; my friends and family, for their continued support and humor; my cat Joan and Facebook, each for distracting me when I needed it (and sometimes when I didn’t); and my spiritual mentors for their inspirational words and encouragement. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... iii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 3 III. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 15 IV. FINDINGS ................................................................................................. 24 V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................... 46 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 55 APPENDICES Appendix A: Recruitment Letters ...................................................................... 65 Appendix B: Consent Form ............................................................................... 67 Appendix C: Approval Letter ............................................................................ 68 Appendix D: Interview Guide ........................................................................... 69 2 3 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of psychodynamically trained clinicians who utilize holistic healing, specifically Reiki, into their clinical social work practice. As the medical community expands its understanding of what is beneficial to its clients, it is important to highlight what is known and unknown about various subgroups within this domain. More specifically, it is important to know more about the history of holistic healing, the advent of its integration within clinically-based practice, and current trends to incorporate it more fully within the clinical model. Although Reiki is gradually becoming introduced into mental health treatment as an alternative modality, insufficient research has been done on the effectiveness of such integration. Previous and current literature generally focus on holistic healing within the psychodynamic model (Adler and Mukherji, 1995; Corrigall, 2006; Mollon, 2008), therapeutic touch from a Western perspective (Hunter and Struve, 1998; Scheiber, 2000, Smith, 1998), and an increased emphasis on utilizing alternative modalities within the social work setting (Aposhyan, 2004; Totton, 2003). To date, there is little to no previous research that has explored or evaluated the integration of Reiki as a secondary treatment strategy within psychodynamic therapeutic treatment (Galland, 1997). This gap in the previous literature warrants the need for further research on alternative treatment modalities within a clinical setting and, thus, provides a rationale for the current study question, “How do clinicians’ integration of Reiki (and other holistic healing strategies) into their clinical practice influence treatment?” 1 The objective of the current study was to explore the strengths and limitations of incorporating Reiki into clinical social work practice from the perspective of clinicians who are psychodynamically oriented. This project was an exploratory, descriptive study using qualitative research methods. Qualitative data was collected through the use of semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 16 participants who self-identified as psychodynamically trained clinicians in a mental-health setting and who had at least five years of licensed work experience. Additionally, these clinicians must have achieved at least one level of Reiki training and have utilized Reiki within their psychodynamic therapy settings for at least one year. Areas of interest focused on reasons why these clinicians chose to seek Reiki training, subsequent challenges faced within the mental-health field, and their subjective experiences using Reiki during clinical practice. The intended audience for this study is clinicians interested in integrating alternative treatment modalities, especially Reiki, into their therapy. As there has been negligible research done on the convergence of Reiki and psychodynamic practice, the findings of this study may contribute to the ongoing dialogue regarding shifting trends within the field of social work. Similar to the lack of literature related directly to the question for this study, psychodynamic social work programs do not include training and resources that address the integration of Reiki and clinical social work practice. In addition to the goal of making a contribution to the literature through an empirical investigation, I also plan to convey the need for social work programs to educate their students regarding potential integration for holistic healing within the psychodynamic paradigm. 2 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW The following literature review focuses on previous research pertaining to the study question: “How do clinicians’ integration of Reiki and other holistic healing modalities into their clinical practice influence treatment?” This chapter is divided into two major sections. The first section focuses on Reiki and holistic healing. This section begins with a definition of Reiki followed by the history and meaning of holistic healing modalities. The next sub-section examines body-mind psychotherapy and how the human body has gradually become a part of psychoanalysis. A sub-section on therapeutic touch will follow, giving a potential basis for the use of Reiki in social work practice. The second major section presents an overview of psychodynamic psychotherapy and includes how it has evolved since its inception as Freud’s “talking cure.” This chapter closes with a presentation of current empirical studies regarding holistic healing and its integration into Western medicine. Reiki and Holistic Healing This section opens current definitions and popular modes of holistic healing followed by a more detailed description of the history of holistic healing in general. This section includes a look at Reiki within a holistic medicine context. The next section describes embodied psychotherapy and its correlations with Reiki and holistic
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