DOCSLIB.ORG

Ulva Prolifera O.F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ulva Prolifera O.F Phycological Research 2009; 57: 147–151 RESEARCH NOTE Identity of the Qingdao algal bloompre_532 147..151 Frederik Leliaert,1* Xiaowen Zhang,2 Naihao Ye,2 Erik-jan Malta,3 Aschwin H. Engelen,3 Frédéric Mineur,4 Heroen Verbruggen1 and Olivier De Clerck1 1Phycology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; 2Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, 266071 Qingdao, China; 3ALGAE Research Group, CCMAR, CIMAR-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, FCMA, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; and 4School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK New York Times) simply did not name the alga, while SUMMARY other news agencies used more graphic terms such as ‘bright green slime’ (South China Morning Post). Other In early July 2008, news agencies worldwide reported press services indicated the bloom as red tide (Interna- on a vast algal bloom that was threatening the upcom- tional Herald Tribune), green tide (China Daily, Reuters), ing Olympic sailing events in Qingdao, China. The or denoted the algae as blue-green algae (The New identity of the culpable alga, however, remained undis- Zealand Herald and The Guardian). The Xinhua news cussed. We have identified the alga that caused the agency was the only one to report a putative species bloom by means of morphological and molecular data, name, ‘Entermorpha prolifera’. including sequence data of the plastid encoded large We aimed to resolve the identity of the bloom and, if subunit ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene possible, determine its origin by means of detailed (rbcL) and the nuclear encoded rDNA internal tran- morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of scribed spacer (ITS) region. The bloom-forming alga DNA sequence data. Free-floating algae were collected falls within the morphological limits of the green at two localities in Qingdao (Qingdao beach and Zhan seaweed Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller (‘Enteromorpha pro- Qiao beach). Specimens are deposited in GENT lifera (O.F. Müller) J. Agardh’) but our phylogenetic (FL1196-1199). Morphologically the alga unmistak- analyses show that it forms a clade with representatives ably belongs to the green macro-algal genus Ulva of the Ulva linza-procera-prolifera (LPP) complex. The (including the genus Enteromorpha, Hayden et al. Chinese rbcL sequences are identical to those of speci- 2003). Thalli are characterized by unattached, highly mens collected from Japan, New Zealand, Finland and branched narrow tubes, up to 450 mm in diameter, Portugal, suggesting that the taxon is widely distrib- cells in longitudinal rows, rectangular to polygonal, uted. rDNA ITS sequences showed a close affinity with 10–16 ¥ 14–32 mm, chloroplast with one or rarely two Japanese isolates of the species complex. The Qingdao pyrenoids (Figs 1–4). Thalli fall within the morphologi- bloom is a typical illustration of a green tide, which cal limits of Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller (‘Enteromorpha occurs increasingly along several coasts worldwide. prolifera (O.F. Müller) J. Agardh’) (Tseng 1984; Maggs et al. 2007). Species level identification in the genus, Key words: China, Enteromorpha, green algae, green however, is confounded due to the lack of distinguish- tide, harmful algal bloom, Olympic Games, Ulva. ing characters and a high degree of morphological vari- ability, resulting in vague species boundaries in this genus (Hayden & Waaland 2004). Taxonomic identifi- In early July 2008 China mobilized more than 10 000 cation of bloom forming Ulva is even more proble- people and 1400 boats in the fight to clean up a vast matic, since radical changes in gross morphology have algal bloom threatening the upcoming Olympic sailing been demonstrated in unattached populations under events in the sea area of east China’s Qingdao, just one month before the start of the games. The bloom started in late May and covered 13 000 square kilometre of sea. By 16 July, 1 million tonnes of algae had been cleared, *To whom correspondence should be addressed. China’s state-run news agency Xinhua reported. Email: [email protected] Although the Qingdao algal bloom was well covered in Communicating editor: H. Nozaki. the international press, the identity of the alga that Received 11 August 2008; accepted 3 October 2008. caused the bloom remained illusive. Most papers (e.g. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2009.00532.x © 2009 Japanese Society of Phycology 148 F. Leliaert et al. Figs 1–4. Ulva linza-procera-prolifera (LPP) from Qingdao (China). 1. Piles of Ulva washed ashore at Qingdao end of June 2008 (Photo: J-P Heirman). 2. Branched tubes (Enteromorpha type morphology). 3. Detail of tube showing cells organized in rows. 4. Chloro- plasts with single pyrenoid. eutrophicated conditions (Malta et al. 1999; Blomster time-reversible model with a proportion of invariable et al. 2002). To determine the identity of the Qingdao sites and gamma distribution (GTR+I+G), as deter- bloom with more confidence, we sequenced the plastid mined by the Akaike Information Criterion in PAUP/ encoded large subunit ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate car- Modeltest 3.6 (Posada & Crandall 1998; Swofford boxylase gene (rbcL) and the nuclear encoded rDNA 2002). BI analyses consisted of two parallel runs of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which has each four incrementally heated chains, and 3 million been proven useful in species level phylogenies of the generations with sampling every 1000 generations. A genus Ulva (Hayden et al. 2003; Shimada et al. 2003; burnin sample of 2000 trees was removed before con- Hayden & Waaland 2004; Hiraoka et al. 2004). DNA structing the majority rule consensus tree. For the ML extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifica- trees, the reliability of each internal branch was evalu- tion and sequencing of both markers was carried out ated based on 1000 bootstrap replicates. The new ITS according to Shimada et al. (2003). rbcL (1356 bp) sequences were included in an alignment of 32 closely and ITS (516 bp) sequences were obtained from four related Ulva sequences, and this dataset was used to isolates from the Qingdao bloom (three from Qingdao construct a statistical parsimony network with TCS beach and one from Zhan Qiao beach). rbcL and ITS 1.21 (Clement et al. 2000). sequences from the four Qingdao isolates were identi- The rbcL tree shows that the bloom forming Ulva cal. Additional rbcL sequences were also obtained from from Qingdao forms a clade with specimens morpho- three Ulva samples from Portugal. GenBank accession logically identified as Ulva procera (K. Ahlner) Hayden, numbers are FJ042888, FM210341-FM210344 Blomster, Maggs, P.C. Silva, M.J. Stanhope et J.R. (rbcL) and FJ026732, FM210345 (ITS). The newly Waaland and procera linza Linnaeus, with the Chinese obtained sequences were aligned with closest National rbcL sequence being identical to those of specimens Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) basic local collected from Finland, Portugal, New Zealand and alignment search tool (BLAST) hits and a diversity of Japan (Fig. 5). This clade is referable to the Ulva linza- Ulva sequences. The rbcL dataset was analysed with procera-prolifera complex (LPP clade), as circum- Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) scribed by Shimada et al. (2008). It should be noted using MrBayes v3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003) that next to the LPP clade, U. linza and U. prolifera- and PhyML v2.4.4 (Guindon & Gascuel 2003), respec- type morphologies are also found in different other tively. BI and ML trees were computed under a general clades of the Ulva tree, as discussed in Hayden and © 2009 Japanese Society of Phycology Qingdao green tide 149 Fig. 5. Maximum likelihood tree based Ulva procera New Zealand EF110179 on rbcL sequence data, showing the Ulva procera New Zealand EF109944 position of the species causing the Ulva procera New Zealand EF110255 66 Ulva procera Japan AY422562 Qingdao algal bloom. LPP clade refers to Ulva linza Japan AB097620 LPP clade the Ulva linza-procera-prolifera (LPP) Qingdao bloom China, July 2008 Ulva procera Finland AY255863 complex. Numbers above branches indi- 98 Ulva cf intestinalis Portugal FM210343 1.00 cate maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap 53 Ulva cf clathrata China DQ813496 .80 Ulva prolifera Portugal FM210342 values, numbers below branches indi- 61 .80 Ulva linza Pacific USA AY255861 cate posterior probabilities from the 66 Ulva prolifera Scotland AY255864 Bayesian phylogenetic analysis (only Ulva tanneri AY255858 86 Ulva californica AY422556 bootstrap values above 50% and poste- 1.00 72 Ulva prolifera AY422554 .90 rior probabilities above 0.8 are 91 Ulva flexuosa AB097619 indicated). .96 Ulva linza Portugal FM210344 67 Ulva prolifera AF499670 1.00 Ulva armoricana AB097632 65 .92 Ulva scandinavica AY255870 Ulva rigida AY422564 100 Ulva clathrata AY255862 99 1.00 1.00 Ulva muscoides AY422563 Ulva fasciata AY422565 75 Ulva ohnoi AB116040 1.00 Ulva taeniata AY422566 67 Ulva spinulosa AB097636 .92 Ulva reticulata AB097635 72 Ulva compressa AB097615 .94 100 Ulva intestinalis AB097617 54 1.00 Ulva intestinalis AY422551 74 Ulva lactuca AB097623 65 1.00 Ulva arasakii AB097621 Ulva lobata AY422550 Ulva pertusa AB097626 100 Umbraulva olivascens AY255876 1.00 Ulvaria obscura var. blyttii AF499673 0.2 Waaland (2004). The ITS dataset revealed the presence Japan (prolifera: AB298309) of at least 13 distinct ITS ribotypes within this LPP clade (Fig. 6). The ITS sequences from the Qingdao Finland (procera: AY260558) bloom were identical to sequences of U. linza from the Sweden (procera: AJ012276) same area and an isolate identified as U. prolifera from Japan (prolifera: AB298317) Japan (prolifera: AB298308) Japan (Shimada et al. 2008). The large number of ITS Japan (linza: AB299439) ribotypes in Japan may indicate that this area is the Japan: (prolifera: AB298318) Japan (prolifera: AB298313) Japan (prolifera: AB298311) centre of origin of the LPP complex, but this is possibly Qingdao bloom July 2008 Japan (linza: AB097649) Qingdao (linza: EU888138) due to a sample bias in Japan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Exhaustive Reanalysis of Barcode Sequences from Public
    Exhaustive reanalysis of barcode sequences from public repositories highlights ongoing misidentifications and impacts taxa diversity and distribution: a case study of the Sea Lettuce. Antoine Fort1, Marcus McHale1, Kevin Cascella2, Philippe Potin2, Marie-Mathilde Perrineau3, Philip Kerrison3, Elisabete da Costa4, Ricardo Calado4, Maria Domingues5, Isabel Costa Azevedo6, Isabel Sousa-Pinto6, Claire Gachon3, Adrie van der Werf7, Willem de Visser7, Johanna Beniers7, Henrice Jansen7, Michael Guiry1, and Ronan Sulpice1 1NUI Galway 2Station Biologique de Roscoff 3Scottish Association for Marine Science 4University of Aveiro 5Universidade de Aveiro 6University of Porto Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research 7Wageningen University & Research November 24, 2020 Abstract Sea Lettuce (Ulva spp.; Ulvophyceae, Ulvales, Ulvaceae) is an important ecological and economical entity, with a worldwide distribution and is a well-known source of near-shore blooms blighting many coastlines. Species of Ulva are frequently misiden- tified in public repositories, including herbaria and gene banks, making species identification based on traditional barcoding hazardous. We investigated the species distribution of 295 individual distromatic foliose strains from the North East Atlantic by traditional barcoding or next generation sequencing. We found seven distinct species, and compared our results with all worldwide Ulva spp sequences present in the NCBI database for the three barcodes rbcL, tuf A and the ITS1. Our results demonstrate a large degree of species misidentification in the NCBI database. We estimate that 21% of the entries pertaining to foliose species are misannotated. In the extreme case of U. lactuca, 65% of the entries are erroneously labelled specimens of another Ulva species, typically U. fenestrata. In addition, 30% of U.
    [Show full text]
  • Using a Macroalgal Functional Form Approach to Assess the Level of Disturbance of Seagrass Meadows in Bahía of Nuevitas, Cuba (2000-2002)
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2019, 10, 2020-2033 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps ISSN Online: 2158-2750 ISSN Print: 2158-2742 Using a Macroalgal Functional Form Approach to Assess the Level of Disturbance of Seagrass Meadows in Bahía of Nuevitas, Cuba (2000-2002) Rubén Cabrera1*, Jhoana Díaz-Larrea2, Schery Umanzor3, Laura Georgina Núñez García2 1Gabinete de Arqueologia,́ Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad, Habana Vieja, Cuba 2Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico 3Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA How to cite this paper: Cabrera, R., Abstract Díaz-Larrea, J., Umanzor, S. and García, L.G.N. (2019) Using a Macroalgal Func- A study on the spatial and seasonal variations of the associate macroalgae and tional Form Approach to Assess the Level epiphytes of Thalassia testudinum was carried out in Bahía de Nuevitas. Six- of Disturbance of Seagrass Meadows in ty-two species were identified: 3 Cyanophyta, 25 Chlorophyta, 8 Phaeophy- Bahía of Nuevitas, Cuba (2000-2002). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 10, ceae, 23 Rhodophyta and 3 Magnoliophyta, with two new records for Cuba 2020-2033. and 43 for the area. The differences in the specific composition of the ma- https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.1011142 croalgae communities are determined by a space component related to the Received: October 10, 2019 type of affectation in each area. The morpho-functional groups of macroalgae Accepted: November 18, 2019 in the station with more nutrient influence were mainly foliaceous and fila- Published: November 21, 2019 mentous. In the stations far from the city, the predominant morpho-types were the leathery and articulate calcareous indicators of lower nitrification Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Successions of Phytobenthos Species in a Mediterranean Transitional Water System: the Importance of Long Term Observations
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal Nature ConservationSuccessions 34: 217–246 of phytobenthos (2019) species in a Mediterranean transitional water system... 217 doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.34.30055 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://natureconservation.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation Successions of phytobenthos species in a Mediterranean transitional water system: the importance of long term observations Antonella Petrocelli1, Ester Cecere1, Fernando Rubino1 1 Water Research Institute (IRSA) – CNR, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy Corresponding author: Antonella Petrocelli ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Lugliè | Received 25 September 2018 | Accepted 28 February 2019 | Published 3 May 2019 http://zoobank.org/5D4206FB-8C06-49C8-9549-F08497EAA296 Citation: Petrocelli A, Cecere E, Rubino F (2019) Successions of phytobenthos species in a Mediterranean transitional water system: the importance of long term observations. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 217–246. https://doi.org/10.3897/ natureconservation.34.30055 Abstract The availability of quantitative long term datasets on the phytobenthic assemblages of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (southern Italy, Mediterranean Sea), a lagoon like semi-enclosed coastal basin included in the Italian LTER network, enabled careful analysis of changes occurring in the structure of the community over about thirty years. The total number of taxa differed over the years. Thirteen non-indigenous species in total were found, their number varied over the years, reaching its highest value in 2017. The dominant taxa differed over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Article in PDF Format
    E3S Web of Conferences 233, 02037 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302037 IAECST 2020 Comparing Complete Mitochondrion Genome of Bloom-forming Macroalgae from the Southern Yellow Sea, China Jing Xia1, Peimin He1, Jinlin Liu1,*, Wei Liu1, Yichao Tong1, Yuqing Sun1, Shuang Zhao1, Lihua Xia2, Yutao Qin2, Haofei Zhang2, and Jianheng Zhang1,* 1College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China, 201306 2East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai, China, 201206 Abstract. The green tide in the Southern Yellow Sea which has been erupting continuously for 14 years. Dominant species of the free-floating Ulva in the early stage of macroalgae bloom were Ulva compressa, Ulva flexuosa, Ulva prolifera, and Ulva linza along the coast of Jiangsu Province. In the present study, we carried out comparative studies on complete mitochondrion genomes of four kinds of bloom-forming green algae, and provided standard morphological characteristic pictures of these Ulva species. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that U. linza is the closest sister species of U. prolifera. This study will be helpful in studying the genetic diversity and identification of Ulva species. 1 Introduction gradually [19]. Thus, it was meaningful to carry out comparative studies on organelle genomes of these Green tides, which occur widely in many coastal areas, bloom-forming green algae. are caused primarily by flotation, accumulation, and excessive proliferation of green macroalgae, especially the members of the genus Ulva [1-3]. China has the high 2 The specimen and data preparation frequency outbreak of the green tide [4-10]. Especially, In our previous studies, mitochondrion genome of U.
    [Show full text]
  • Metagenomic and Proteomic Analyses of a Mangrove Microbial
    J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2016), 26(12), 2127–2137 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1607.07025 Research Article Review jmb Metagenomic and Proteomic Analyses of a Mangrove Microbial Community Following Green Macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera Degradation S Yijing Wu1, Chao Zhao1,2*, Zheng Xiao1, Hetong Lin1, Lingwei Ruan3, and Bin Liu1,4 1College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China 2Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 3Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China 4National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China Received: July 11, 2016 Revised: August 7, 2016 A mangrove microbial community was analyzed at the gene and protein levels using Accepted: August 10, 2016 metagenomic and proteomic methods with the green macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera as the substrate. Total DNA was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 PE-100 platform. Two- dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with liquid chromatography tandem mass First published online spectrometry was used for proteomic analysis. The metagenomic data revealed that the orders August 24, 2016 Pseudomonadales, Rhizobiales, and Sphingomonadales were the most prevalent in the *Corresponding author mangrove microbial community. By monitoring changes at the functional level, proteomic Phone: +86-591-83530197; analyses detected ATP synthase and transporter proteins, which were expressed mainly by Fax: +86-591-83530197; members of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Members of the phylum E-mail: [email protected] Proteobacteria expressed a high number of sugar transporters and demonstrated specialized and efficient digestion of various glycans.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Mediterranean Marine Science Vol. 15, 2014 Seaweeds of the Greek coasts. II. Ulvophyceae TSIAMIS K. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research PANAYOTIDIS P. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research ECONOMOU-AMILLI A. Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Athens University KATSAROS C. of Biology, Department of Botany, Athens University https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.574 Copyright © 2014 To cite this article: TSIAMIS, K., PANAYOTIDIS, P., ECONOMOU-AMILLI, A., & KATSAROS, C. (2014). Seaweeds of the Greek coasts. II. Ulvophyceae. Mediterranean Marine Science, 15(2), 449-461. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.574 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 25/09/2021 06:44:40 | Review Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net Doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.12681/mms.574 Seaweeds of the Greek coasts. II. Ulvophyceae K. TSIAMIS1, P. PANAYOTIDIS1, A. ECONOMOU-AMILLI2 and C. KATSAROS3 1 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos 19013, Attica, Greece 2 Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Athens University, Panepistimiopolis 15784, Athens, Greece 3 Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, Athens University, Panepistimiopolis 15784, Athens, Greece Corresponding author: [email protected] Handling Editor: Sotiris Orfanidis Received: 5 August 2013 ; Accepted: 5 February 2014; Published on line: 14 March 2014 Abstract An updated checklist of the green seaweeds (Ulvophyceae) of the Greek coasts is provided, based on both literature records and new collections. The total number of species and infraspecific taxa currently accepted is 96.
    [Show full text]
  • Photosynthetic Responses of Halimeda Scabra (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) to Interactive Effects of Temperature, Ph, and Nutrients and Its Carbon Pathways
    Photosynthetic responses of Halimeda scabra (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) to interactive effects of temperature, pH, and nutrients and its carbon pathways Daily Zuñiga-Rios, Román Manuel Vásquez-Elizondo, Edgar Caamal and Daniel Robledo Department of Marine Resources, Cinvestav, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the interactive effects of temperature, pH, and nutrients on photosynthetic performance in the calcareous tropical macroalga Halimeda scabra. A significant interaction among these factors on gross photosynthesis (Pgross) was found. The highest values of Pgross were reached at the highest temperature, pH, and nutrient enrichment tested and similarly in the control treatment (no added nutrients) ◦ at 33 C at the lowest pH. The Q10 Pgross values confirmed the effect of temperature − only under nutrient enrichment scenarios. Besides the above, bicarbonate (HCO3 ) absorption was assessed by the content of carbon stable isotope (δ13C) in algae tissue and by its incorporation into photosynthetic products, as well as by carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors (Acetazolamide, AZ and Ethoxyzolamide, EZ) assays. The labeling 13 − of δ C revealed this species uses both, CO2 and HCO3 forms of Ci relying on a CO2 Concentration Mechanism (CCM). These results were validated by the EZ-AZ inhibition assays in which photosynthesis inhibition was observed, indicating the action of internal CA, whereas AZ inhibitor did not affect maximum photosynthesis (Pmax). The incorporation of 13C isotope into aspartate in light and dark treatments
    [Show full text]
  • A Strategy for the Proliferation of Ulva Prolifera, Main Causative Species of Green Tides, with Formation of Sporangia by Fragmentation
    A Strategy for the Proliferation of Ulva prolifera, Main Causative Species of Green Tides, with Formation of Sporangia by Fragmentation Shan Gao1, Xiaoyuan Chen1, Qianqian Yi1, Guangce Wang1,2*, Guanghua Pan1, Apeng Lin2,3, Guang Peng2 1 College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China, 2 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China, 3 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Abstract Ulva prolifera, a common green seaweed, is one of the causative species of green tides that occurred frequently along the shores of Qingdao in 2008 and had detrimental effects on the preparations for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games sailing competition, since more than 30 percent of the area of the games was invaded. In view of the rapid accumulation of the vast biomass of floating U. prolifera in green tides, we investigated the formation of sporangia in disks of different diameters excised from U. prolifera, changes of the photosynthetic properties of cells during sporangia formation, and development of spores. The results suggested that disks less than 1.00 mm in diameter were optimal for the formation of sporangia, but there was a small amount of spore release in these. The highest percentage of area of spore release occurred in disks that were 2.50 mm in diameter. In contrast, sporangia were formed only at the cut edges of larger disks (3.00 mm, 3.50 mm, and 4.00 mm in diameter). Additionally, the majority of spores liberated from the disks appeared vigorous and developed successfully into new individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Monitoring in Rocky Shores: Challenges of Devising a Globally Applicable and Cost-Effective Protocol
    Ocean and Coastal Management 205 (2021) 105548 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ocean and Coastal Management journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ocecoaman Biodiversity monitoring in rocky shores: Challenges of devising a globally applicable and cost-effective protocol Juan Pablo Livore a, María M. Mendez a,b,*, Patricia Miloslavich c,d, Gil Rilov e, Gregorio Bigatti a,b,f a Laboratorio de Reproduccion´ y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos, Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR- CONICET), Puerto Madryn, U9120ACD, Argentina b Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Sede Puerto Madryn, Puerto Madryn, U9120ACD, Argentina c Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmosphere, University of Delaware, Delaware, 19716, United States d Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simon´ Bolívar, Caracas, 1080, Venezuela e National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), PO Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel f Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondon,´ 092301, Ecuador ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Large-scale coastal monitoring programs that focus on long-term inter-annual and seasonal community vari­ Coastal monitoring ability are rare mostly because they are costly, logistically complex and require coordination by groups of Survey methods dedicated scientists. The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) is currently developing a regional Low-cost sampling collaboration throughout the American continent to collect biological data in coastal habitats using common Photoquadrats methodologies and sharing best practices. The goal of this paper is to compare two survey methods with con­ MBON trasting field time demands (i.e. in situ collected data vs. photoquadrats), identify the scales at which they may differ, and determine the convenience and suitability for their use in large-scale standardized biodiversity studies on rocky intertidal shores.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Diversity of Ulva Sensu Lato Along the German Coasts of the North and Baltic Seas
    European Journal of Phycology ISSN: 0967-0262 (Print) 1469-4433 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tejp20 Cryptic, alien and lost species: molecular diversity of Ulva sensu lato along the German coasts of the North and Baltic Seas S. Steinhagen, R. Karez & F. Weinberger To cite this article: S. Steinhagen, R. Karez & F. Weinberger (2019): Cryptic, alien and lost species: molecular diversity of Ulvasensulato along the German coasts of the North and Baltic Seas, European Journal of Phycology, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2019.1597925 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2019.1597925 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. View supplementary material Published online: 14 Jun 2019. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tejp20 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2019.1597925 Cryptic, alien and lost species: molecular diversity of Ulva sensu lato along the German coasts of the North and Baltic Seas S. Steinhagena, R. Karezb and F. Weinbergera aGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany; bState Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas, Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburger Chaussee 25, 24220 Flintbek, Germany ABSTRACT DNA barcoding analysis, using tufA, revealed considerable differences between the expected and observed species inventory of Ulva sensu lato in the Baltic and North Sea areas of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Of 20 observed genetic entities, at least four (U.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE May 11, 2010
    CURRICULUM VITAE CHARLES YARISH October 19, 2019 PERSONAL University address: Departments of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Marine Sciences University of Connecticut 1 University Place Stamford, Connecticut 06901-2315 Phone: University: (203) 251-8432 (Office) (203) 251-8530 (Lab) FAX: (203)251-8592; or 203-251-8534 EMAIL: [email protected] EDUCATION B.S. 1970 Brooklyn College (City University of New York) M.A. 1972 University of Texas (Austin) Ph.D. 1976 Rutgers - The State University (New Brunswick) EXPERIENCE FROM/TO Position/Institution 1971-1972 Teaching Assistant/University of Texas 1973-1976 Teaching Assistant/Rutgers University 1973-1974 Head Teaching Assistant/Rutgers University 1974 Course Coordinator/Rutgers University 1975 Summer session lecture and laboratory 1976 Assistant Professor of Biology, University of Connecticut at Stamford 1982 Associate Professor of Biology, University of Connecticut at Stamford 1983-1984 Visiting Professor of Marine Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands 1984 Associate Professor of Biology, University of Connecticut at Stamford 1985 Visiting Scientist Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Federal Republic of Germany 1988-present Professor of Biology, University of Connecticut 1990-1994 Associate Director of Stamford Campus, University of Connecticut 1990-1994 Adjunct Professor, Marine Sciences Research Center, SUNY at Stony Brook 2001-2012 Graduate Professor, University of Porto, Portugal 2002-2007 Guest Professor, Shanghai Ocean University of China, Shanghai, PR China 2009-2010
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Gametogenesis and Zoosporogenesis in Ulva Linza (Chlorophyta): Comparison with Ulva Mutabilis and Potential for Laboratory Culture
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 26 January 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00015 Regulation of gametogenesis and zoosporogenesis in Ulva linza (Chlorophyta): comparison with Ulva mutabilis and potential for laboratory culture Eleanor F. Vesty1, Ralf W. Kessler 2 , Thomas Wichard 2 * and Juliet C. Coates1* 1 School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK 2 Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany Edited by: Green Ulvophyte macroalgae represent attractive model systems for understanding Jo Ann Banks, Purdue University, USA growth, development, and evolution. They are untapped resources for food, fuel, and Reviewed by: high-value compounds, but can also form nuisance blooms.To fully analyze green seaweed David Smyth, Monash University, morphogenesis, controlled laboratory-based culture of these organisms is required.Todate, Australia Christian Schulz, Ruhr-University only a single Ulvophyte species, Ulva mutabilis Føyn, has been manipulated to complete Bochum, Germany its whole life cycle in laboratory culture and to grow continuously under axenic conditions. *Correspondence: Such cultures are essential to address multiple key questions in Ulva development and Juliet C. Coates, School of in algal–bacterial interactions. Here we show that another Ulva species, U. linza, with a Biosciences, University of broad geographical distribution, has the potential to be grown in axenic culture similarly to Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK U. mutabilis. U. linza can be reliably induced to sporulate (form gametes and zoospores) e-mail: [email protected]; in the laboratory, by cutting the relevant thallus tissue into small pieces and removing Thomas Wichard, Institute for extracellular inhibitors (sporulation and swarming inhibitors).
    [Show full text]