This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES

By Doug Binns

S TAT E FORESTS RESEARCH DIVISION FLoRA SURVEY MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES

MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT EIS SUPPORTING DOCUMENT NO. 3

by

DOUG BINNS

RESEARCH DIVISION STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES SYDNEY 1996 Forest Resources Series No. 35 January, 1996

The Author:

Doug Binns, Research Officer, Forest Ecology Section, Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales.

Published by:

Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales, 121 Oratava Avenue, West Pennant Hills, 2125 p.a. Box 100, Beecroft 2119 Australia.

Copyright © 1996 by State Forests of New South Wales

DDC 581.099442 ISSN 1033 1220 ISBN 07310 6725 8 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 111 INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS 2 1. PLOTLOCATION 2 2. FLORISTlC AND VEGETA T10N STRUCTURAL DATA 6 3. ENVIRONMENTALDATA 6 4. LIMITAT10NS 7 5. TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE 7 6. DATA ANALYSIS 8 7. DATA FROM OTHER SOURCES 9 RESULTS 10 1. FLORISTlC COMPOSITIONAND COlvfA1UNITlES 10 A. GRASSY SCLEROPHYLL FOREST 10 B. GRASSY MOIST FOREST 13 C.~OREST/WETSCLEROPHYLL 14 D. DRY HEATH WOODLAND 16 E. NORTIIERN LOW FOREST 17 F. WET HEATH 17 2. OVERSTOREYCOlvfA1UNITIES 18 3. RELA T10NSHIPS BETWEENFLORISTIC COMPOSITION 33 AND ENVIRONMENT 4. RELAT10NSHIP WITH LOGGING HISTORY 35 DISCUSSION 39 1. SIGNIFICANTPLANTSPECIES 39 (a) Species listed under Federal Endangered Species Protection Act 39 (b) Other nationally significant species 43 2. CONSERVATIONSTATUS OFPLANT COlvfA1UNITlES 49 3. IMPACT OFLOGGING 51 -I. IMPACT OFFIRE 51 5. WEEDS 52

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlJfH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES RECOMMENDA TIONS 53 J. INTRODUCTION 53 2. SIGNIFICANT SPECIES 53 (a) Species listed under Federal Endangered Species Protection Act 54 (b) Other nationally significant species 55 3. RESERVA TION OF COMMUNITIES 57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 60 REFERENCES 60

TABLES Table 1. Distribution offlora survey plots among mapped Forest Types 4 Table 2. Distribution offlora survey sites among parent material, 5 altitude and topographic exposure classes Table 3. Summary ofdiversity and habitat offloristic community groups 11 Table 4. Comparison and conservation status offorest vegetation communities 20 Table 5. Distribution ofsurvey plots among overstorey and floristic communities 23 Table 6. Floristic richness ofplots by logging age class 35

FIGURES Figure 1. Locations offlora survey plots, Morisset Forestry District 3 Figure 2. Dendrogram from floristic classification ofpercentage cover 12 Figure 3. Dendrogram from floristic classification ofbasal area oftree species 19 Figure 4. CCA ordination ofthe four broad floristic groups, group symbol plotted 33 Figure 5. CCA ordination, parent material plotted 34 Figure 6. CCA ordination, logging history plotted 36 Figure 7. CCA ordination ofplots in subset 1 37 Figure 8. CCA ordination ofplots in subset 2 38

APPENDICES Appendix 1. Occurrence ofvascular plant species by broad floristic group, 63 logging category and State Forest Appendix 2. Floristic composition offloristic communities 84 Appendix 3. Summary ofmajor site features offlora survey plots 91 Appendix 4. Map showing existing and proposed flora conservation areas 95

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES ii CENTRAL REGION, NEW soum WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES o. 35 ABSTRACT

The vascular vegetation of the State Forests of Monsset Forestry District (compnsing approxunately 112 000 ha), in central eastern New South Wales, IS described on the basis of a series of 146 plots distributed through the area, located to sample the range ofvegetation types, physical environments and loggmg hIstories. Plots are 0.1 ha (50 m x 20 m) rectangles in which all vascular plant species are recorded and their cover-abundance estimated Estimates of overstorey basal area by species are derived from diameter measurements in these plots, and habitat data are also recorded. Data were analyzed by numerical classification into communities defined by groups offloristically similar plots.

Over 850 native vascular plant species and 30 naturalized species were recorded during the survey. Forty-two forest overstorey community types were defined from the analysis. On the basis of overall floristic composition these may be broadly grouped into rainforest, wet sclerophyll forest grassy moist forest, grassy sclerophyll forest and heath woodland. There are also small areas of low AcaclQ forest and wet heath. The wetter forest types have higher floristic richness, about 60 species per plot compared to about 45 species per plot for grassy sclerophyll forest and heath woodland. Geology and fire history are the factors which most strongly influence floristic patterns in the area. with loggmg history having little influence.

Fifteen plant species which have been recorded from the area are considered nationally rare or otherwise significant. A further forty such species may occur, and an additional ten are recorded nearby but are very unlikely to occur in State Forests. Reservation is proposed for several of the rare species known from the area. Other species, such as Tetratheca juncea and T. glandulosa, are not unduly affected by logging, because they are physically resilient and occur in areas oflow commercial value. For these and similar species, appropriate fire management is the most critical issue. For species which may occur in the area but which were not detected during the survey, recommendations are made in respect of whether pre-logging surveys are required, and an appropriate management response ifdetected.

Many of the plant communities are reserved in the Yengo National Park system. The most extensive forest types which are considered inadequately reserved are the blue-leaved stringybark (E. agglomerata), white mahogany (E. acmenoides) and spotted gum (E. maculata) types. No extensive unlogged stands ofthese types are known to occur in the area. It is suggested that representative stands. particularly the least disturbed areas, are allocated as flora conservation areas.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOtITH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, EW SOUTH WALES iii INTRODUCTION

TIus report presents the results of a survey of vascular plant species undertaken in the State Forests of Cessnock and Wyong Management Areas (hereafter referred to as the Monsset Forestry Dlstnct and abbreVIated as MFD). MFD comprises approximately 112 000 ha of State Forests, plus other Crown­ timber lands, on the coastal ranges south ofthe Hunter R.lVer in central eastern New South Wales, m the area bounded approXImately by 320 40' S to 33 0 25' S and 1500 30' E to 152 0 35' E. TIus area, Its phYSical charactenstIcs and management history are described by the Forestry Commission of New South Wales (1984, 1988). The general aun ofthe survey was to describe the vegetation m the context ofmanagement ofthe area for commercial forestry purposes. More specifically, the objectives were:

i) to describe the terrestrial vascular flora of the area, particularly the vegetation types and distribution, habitat and abundance ofplant species;

ii) as far as possible, to relate vegetation types to Forest Type map units used for forest management purposes;

iii) to identify vascular plant species ofparticular botanical or conservation significance;

iv) to identify vegetation types or communities ofbotanical or conservation significance and suggest representative areas for reservation where considered necessary:

v) to compare the flora of areas ofvarious forest management histones and consider likely impacts ofproposed forestry operations on flora.

The field work was carried out mainly by D. Bmns, T. Brassil, A. Garbellini and A. Towerton, during the period March 1993 to October 1994. Only vascular plant species were recorded.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlTfH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3.5 CENTRAL REGIO • NEW S0tITH WALES METHODS

1. PLOTLOCATION

Floristic data were derived from non-pennanent plots established within the study area. A series of transects had been established in the area for fauna survey, concurrent with the present survey. These transects were located to sample recently logged «10 years) and old (> 15 years) logging areas, within each of five major broad forest types (blackbutt, moist hardwood, low site quality dry hardwood, high site quality dry hardwood, spotted gum) in the area, plus riparian habitats regardless of logging history. Four transects were located in each combination to give a total of44 such transects. A single plot along each transect was used for flora survey. Additional flora survey plots were established to sample the full range of Forest Types (Forestry Commission of New South Wales, 1989) mapped in the area, where such vegetation maps existed, and to sample the range of physical habitats. Plots were also located to sample the full geographical spread of the area, by allocating numbers of plots to each State Forest approximately in proportion to its area, but with relatively higher intensity in areas of greater habitat complexity or commercial value. The advantages of using mapped Forest Types where they eXIst as the primary basis for sampling are as follows:

i) They are expected to be broadly related to overstorey composition. ii) They act as a surrogate which integrates a range ofphysical environmental attributes, providing greater efficency ofsampling. iii) They are part ofa standard management system, which facilitates translation ofsurvey results to management options. iv) The use ofForest Type maps with a combination ofsurvey results and broad area observations facilitates assessment ofconservation adequacy and location ofadditional reserves.

Within each Forest Type, plots were located to sample the range of altitudes and topographic positions. Particular attention was also given to sampling or at least inspecting unusual or restricted habitats (e.g. rock outcrops, swamps, riparian habitats) regardless of forest type. Plots in more extensive types were randomly selected but constrained to be within 500 m of r"ad access or in areas which could be sampled en route to those in restricted or unusual habitat types. Plots in restricted or unusual types were not constrained by proximity to roads. This strategy was designed to ensure efficient sampling of the full range oftypes and habitats while reducing unproductive travelling time as far as possible.

In the field, plots were positioned as far as possible within a relatively homogeneous patch of vegetation. The standard size was a 50 m x 20 m (0.1 ha) rectangle, although some habitats required a variation in size or shape to ensure homogeneity within one plot e.g. longer and narrower plots, up to 100 m x 10 m, were used for riparian vegetation.

A total of 146 plots, including those on fauna survey transects, was surveyed during the present survey. Approximate locations of all survey plots are shown in Figure 1. Plot physical data are listed in Appendix 3. Table 1 shows distribution of plots among broad forest types (based on overstorey composition in the field where no type is mapped) and mapped Forest Types where they are mapped. Table 2 shows the distribution of plots among combinations of three major environmental factors, parent material, altitude and degree oftopographic exposure, to assess the extent to which the sampling strategy based primarily on mapped forest types has covered the range of environmental variation. Degree of topographic exposure is based mainly on aspect, with ridge crests and slopes with northerly aspects classed as exposed, riparian habitats and southerly slopes classed as sheltered and all other conditions as moderate. From Table 2, it is evident that the plots are well distributed across the range of habitats. In addition to the plot-based sampling, extensive searches· were conducted for rare or significant species, particularly in habitats most likely to support these species, such as rocky slopes, cliffs, riparian habitats and swamps.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 2 CENTRAL REGION, EW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES O. 3.5 ISO 36'

D

SGR3

POK3 CESI,~ POK4 CE:;~

POK 14 POKI3

PO

33"00'

N

MCP9

o 10km

COM4 Seal COM3 33 "23' STR4 STR~B. STR~.sTR3

Figure 1. Location offlora survey plots (e), Morisset Forestry Dlstnct

STATE FORESTS OF EW SmITH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES 0 3S CENTRAL REGIO., EW SOlJrH WALES 3 Table 1. Distribution offlora survey plots among mapped Forest Types. Estimates ofarea for each composite type are taken from the Management Plans (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1984, 1988). Types listed in Management Plans but not mapped: 12,42,49,61, 114, 116, 118, 126, 155. Plots in areas for which Forest Types have not been mapped are allocated to a composite type, where possible, on the basis ofsampled overstorey composition and listed as U (=unmapped).

Composite Area Forest No. Plots type Type plots

37 7400 36 2 MCPOO7, WATOO3 37 9 B802.3, B803.3, B804.3, BBR1.3, BBR2.3, BBRJ.3, BBR4.2, OLNOO7, 0UR005 41 1 MCPOO5 U 2 COMool. BBR2.3

52 394'00 2~ I WATOO4 26 1 AWA001 46 s MHOl.3, MHR1.3, POKool, POK002, RL2.3 52 17 MCPOO2, MH02.3, MH03.3, MH04.3, MHR2.3, MHRJ.3, MHR4.3, OLNool, OLN005, OLNOIO, OUROOI, OUR002, OUROO6, RL1.3, RSl.4, RS2.3, WAT002 U 8 COM003, COM004, MH02·3. PUTooI. PUTOO5, PUTOO6, YANOO4, HEA003

60 24600 60 8 DH01.3, DHRJ.3, OHR4.3, OLNoo2, OLN003, OLNOO6, OLN008, OLN009 62 0 62/121 I OH04.3 U 13 OH03-3, HEAool, HEAoo2, POK005, POKOO6, POKOO7, POK008, PUTOO2, PUTOO3, PUT004, PUTOO7, YANool, YAN002

70 9100 70 9 0UR004, 8001.3, S002.3, 8003.3, SGR1.3, SGR2.3, SGRJ.2, SGR4.3, WATOOl 74/121 1 WAT006 76 I OLNOl7 U 11 ABEOO2, ABEOO3, ABEOO4, ABE005, CES001, HEAOO4, POKOO4, S004-3, SGR2-3, SGRJ.2, SGR4-3

113 14200 1001234 I MCPOO3 106 2 01.04-3,OLRJ-3 107 1 MCPOO4 113 5 DLR4.3, OLNOO4, OLNOll, OLN013, OUR007 115 I WAToos U 2 COM002, 01.01-3

117/105 17.soo 105 3 CORool, COROO2, MCPOO8 117 6 01.02.2, D1.03.3, DLR2.3, OLNOl2. OLNOI5. OLNOl6 119 I MCPOI0 119n34 I MCPOOl U 3 AWA002, YANOOJ

121 3100 121 7 COROOJ, COROO4, OH02.3, OHR1.3, 0HR2.3, OLN014, OUROO3

P 2050 231 1 MCP009 234 1 COR005 U 3 ABEOOI, CESOO2, COM005

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 4 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 Table 2. DistnbutlOn offlora survey sites among parent material, altitude and topographic exposure classes. All combmatlOns whIch eXIst m the area are lIsted.

Parent matenal Altitude Topographic o.ofplots exposure

Hawkesbury Sandstone <200 m ridge c.restslexp slopes I mod. exposed slopes 3 sheltered slopes I riparian 3 201-400 m ridge crests/exp. slopes 2 mod. exposed slopes 12 sheltered slopes 0 npanan 2

arrabeen Sandstone <200 m ridge crests/expo slopes 3 mod. exposed slopes 13 sheltered slopes 3 npanan 5 201-400 m ridge crests/expo slopes 13 mod. exposed slopes 27 sheltered slopes 6 npanan 3 401-600 ridge c.restslexp. slopes 8 mod. exposed slopes 14 sheltered slopes 3 npanan 1 601-800 ndge crests/expo slopes 2 mod. exposed slopes 0 sheltered slopes 2 npanan I

Permian Coal Measures 0-200 m ridge crests/expo slopes 2 mod. exposed slopes 2 sheltered slopes 2 riparian I 201-400 m exposed slopes 0 mod. exposed slopes I sheltered slopes I npanan 0

Permian Mudstones 0-200 m ridges/expo slopes 0 mod. exposed slopes 6 sheltered slopes I riparian 0

Basalt 401-600 ID sheltered slopes 601-800 ID sheltered slopes

STATE FORESTS OF EW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES 0 35 CENTRAL REGION. EW SOI.JrH WALES 5 2. FLORISTIC AND VEGETA TION STRUCTURAL DATA

All vascular plant species which could be distinguished within a plot were recorded and identified as far as possible to species level, subject to a maximum search time of 1.5 hours per plot. Vertical heights of vegetation strata were subjectively defined and recorded for each plot. Stratum limits of 0-1 m, 1-6 m, 6-20 m, 20-35 m and >35 m were used as a guide for the coding of structural data, even though actual heights were recorded.

Cover codes, based on projected canopy cover, were estimated for each species within each vertical stratum. Where a species occurred in more than one stratum, an overall cover code for the plot as a whole was also recorded. Codes are as follows:

Cover code Projected canopy cover

I < 5%, few individuals 2 < 5%, any number of individuals 3 6-25% 4 26-50% 5 51-75% 6 >75%

For all trees with stem diameter at breast height (1.3 m) greater than 10 cm, the number of sterns of each species was recorded by 10 cm diameter classes, up to 50 cm. Diameter was recorded for all sterns over 50 cm. These data were used to calculate an estimate of basal area by species for each plot. All stumps were similarly recorded and the data used to give a measure of logging intensity within the plot.

The locations of any occurrences of significant species noted while traversing the area, additional to those occurring in plots, were also recorded. The map unit in which each plot was located was recorded and a subjective assessment made of the forest type (Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1989) to which the vegetation would be most appropriately allocated.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

At each plot, slope (in degrees), altitude, aspect, topographic position, drainage, percentage cover and particle size ofsurface rock and cover ofoutcropping bedrock were recorded. An assessment was made of previous disturbance by logging, fire and grazing, on the basis of any available visual evidence. An estimate of intensity and time since disturbance was recorded. Estimates for logging were checked against historical records. Any other unusual feature was also recorded.

The main variables used for ordination analyses described below in Section 6 were derived from environmental data as follows: alt Elevation in metres, from 1:25 000 topographic map.

Ion Longitude tp Degree of topographic exposure derived from combined aspect and position on slope classes, coded as l=ridge crest; 2=exposed slopes (aspect 270-360°); 3=flats or moderately exposed slopes (aspect 0-90° or 180-270°); 4=sheltered slopes (aspect 90-180°); 5=riparian. wtp Weighted topographic position, as 2 x topo, weighted by mean of (a.N+a.NW+(a.NE+a.W)/2), where a.N is angle to northern horizon, etc. Weights are -1, 0, +1, +2 for means of <=0, 1-10, 11-30 and >30 respectively.

FLORA SURVEY, MORJSSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlTIli WALES 6 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOlTIli WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERJES 0 3S fi Estimated intensity ofmost recent fire, coded as O=no evidence; I = low; 2=moderate, 3=high.

fage Estunated time since last fire, coded as 1=1-2 yr; 2=3-5 yr; 3=6-10 yr 4=11-15 yr; 5=16-20 yr, 6=21-30 yr; 7=31-40 yr; 8=41-50 yr' 9=>50 }T.

li Logging intensity, coded as for fire lage Tune smce loggmg, coded as for fire geol Parent material, coded as 1= arrabeen sandstone, 2=Permian coal measures, 3=Pemuan mudstone. 4=Hawkesbury sandstone.

4. LIMITATIONS

Field work was camed out over several seasons. On some occasions seasonal species (including many Orchidaceae) and ephemeral SpecIes may have been overlooked. Although these may be a sigrnficant component of the total flora, they normally form a minor component of forest vegetation in New South Wales and their omission is not expected to affect the community analysis. Some speCIes, especially of monocotyledons, may have been overlooked due to absence of active growth or vegetative similarity to common species. In particular, some areas were in drought for some periods of field work, and many grasses were cured. No attempt was made to sample soil-stored seed. Although the area was widely traversed both by road and on foot, the survey was not exhaustive and additional species would be recorded with additional effort. No detailed survey ofnaturalized species along roads (i.e. within 5 m of the road pavement) was undertaken, but such species were noted ifthey were common, or also occurred in nearby forest. The total number of naturalized species is likely to be understated as a result, but the survey reflects the relative importance of the naturalized component in the vegetation generally and the likely future invasion potential. Herbaceous species which remain restricted to regularly-graded roadsides several decades or more after initial road construction are assumed to be of negligible management significance for flora conservation.

5. TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE

Taxonomy and nomenclature follow the National Herbarium of New South Wales. ThIs is mostly as published in Harden (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993), except where more recent revisions have been published. Voucher specimens of many species were collected from the area and are retained at the State Forests herbarium at West Pennant Hills. In a few cases, where difficulties were encountered in identification, specimens were referred to specialists at the National Herbarium of New South Wales for determination.

Some specimens could not be confidently determined to species level because of lack of fertile material and vegetative similarity among species, or because of uncertain taxonomic limits within groups. In some such cases specimens have been identified to generic level only. Where specimens have been determined to species or infraspecific level, such uncertainties were experienced particularly with the following species or groups:

Danthonia tenuior - may include records ofother similar species.

DianelIa caeruJea - subspecies could not always be separated with certainty.

Lomandra confertifolia - it was not always possible to unequivocally assign specimens to a subspecies as there appeared to be considerable intergradation, both between the two subspecies and with other species ofLomandra.

Lomandra fiJi/ormis subsp. coriacea - may include records ofL. fiJi/ormis subsp flavior.

STATE FORESTS OF EW soum WALES FLORA SURVEY. MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION. NEW SOUTH WALES 7 Lomandra micrantha - this species may have been confused with L. filiformis subsp. filiformis in the absence offertile material, although both taxa were definitely recorded.

Stlpa pubescens - may have been confused with S. rudis in some cases where fertIle material was unavailable.

Ty/ophora panicu/ata - no mature individuals were seen and seedlings may have been confused with Parsonsia spp.

6. DATA ANALYSIS

Floristic data were classified into vegetation communities by grouping floristically similar plots using a numerical hierarchical agglomerative classification process, using the Bray-Curtis association measure and a flexible UPGMA sorting strategy with beta = 0.0 (FUSE module of the PATN package, Belbin 1988). Although the procedure provides a repeatable and explicit method of defining communities, there are a number of critical decisions required which are essentially subjective and which may substantially affect the final community composition. The most important of these are the choice of beta and the choice of an appropriate level in the dendrogram to define communities. A beta value of zero was chosen to yield a 'space-conserving' fusion strategy which does not exaggerate floristic differences between groups. Communities and groups were defined at dissimilarity levels of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8. These levels provide consistency with other recent surveys and provide a reasonable reflection ofwhat are perceived as plant communities in the field.

Any community analysis must be regarded as only a guide to the tendency of certain groups of species to co-occur. It is a convenient means of examining and describing vegetation patterns rather than a definitive statement of vegetation composition. In any stand of vegetation, there is some degree of vertical layering or stratification. The analysis ofa full floristic data set, including all strata, implicitly assumes that the overstorey and the various understorey strata respond similarly to environmental factors, and at similar spatial and temporal scales. In fact, this is unlikely to be the case. For example, at the extreme, canopy trees respond to environmental factors at a much broader scale than herbs in the lowest understorey stratum and the latter are much more likely to reflect recent disturbance events (such as fire) to which canopy species are relatively insensitive. Thus an analysis of all strata combined may obscure spatial patterns relating to these variations in responses. However, it is difficult to define limits which realistically and consistently allow separate analyses of strata across a range of vegetation types, and any defined limits are essentially arbitrary. In practice, an analysis of all species combined tends to be dominated by the influence of lower strata species, which usually contribute more than the canopy species to the overall floristic characterisation of a plot. There is thus a high degree of similarity between a full floristic analysis and understorey analysis, and patterns of canopy species composition tend to be obscured in the former. To allow consideration of these interactions, and to allow an assessment of conservation status of overstorey assemblages, two separate analyses were performed:

1. Basal area of all sterns > 10 cm dbhob was used to define overstorey communities. Due to the influence of lower vegetation strata on the results of a full floristic classification, this analysis was considered essential to allow comparisons with existing vegetation classification schemes which are based solely on canopy composition, and consequently for assessment of conservation status ofoverstorey communities.

2. Total cover ofall species, including canopy species.

As only cover-abundance codes were recorded for understorey floristic data, these were converted to percentages for analysis 2, as the mid-point ofthe cover class for cover >5% and using I% and 3% for codes I and 2 respectively.

For examination oflogging impact and the influence of other environmental factors on plant community floristic composition, the full data matrix was reduced by including only the 105 logged and potentially

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 8 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTIi WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 loggable plots in the analysis, thus omitting £lonstically disparate plots m habitats not subject to loggmg, such as swamps and nparian and steep, rocky habitats Also, species whtch occurred m five or fewer such plots were onutted, leaving a matrix of cover codes for 105 sites x 257 species for analysIs Cover codes, rather than nud-pomt percentages as used for classification, were used to give greater relatIve weight to the influence of less common species.

A constrained ordmation method (Canonical Correspondence Analysis (ter Brack 1986, 1987), abbreVlated as CCA) was used to mvestigate patterns of £loristic composition m relation to environmental parameters. This method maximally correlates the arrangement of species and sites along ordinatIOn axes, subject to the constraint that the axes are lmear combinations of the explanatory variables ter Braak (1986) fully describes the underlying assumptions and strengths of thts method. The main assumptIon is that individual species response models are all similar and all of ummodaL Gaussian form. Although it is doubtful whether this assumptIon is reasonable for all species, CCA has been shown to be robust to moderate violations of assumptions (palmer 1993) and is potentially very powerful in revealing patterns of £loristic composition in relation to environmental factors. It also has the advantage that the results are unaffected by correlations among environmental variables. It is being mcreasingly and very effectively used in ecological investigations ofthis type (e.g Borcard et al. 1992, McIntyre and Lavorel 1994). In interpretmg the ordination diagram, environmental variables are represented by arrows, the length representing the strength of correlation between the environmental vanable and the ordination axes, and the direction representing the dtrection of maximum change of the vanable. Analyses were performed using programs written in Splus. Classes of qualitative environmental vanables (lithology, exposure, topographic position, logging category) were transformed to a series of dummy binary variables as recommended by ter Braak (1987). The hypothesis of significance of the contribution of a variable relative to a random variable was tested using the Monte Carlo test with 100 random permutations. Variables which were not significant at the equivalent of p=O 10 were excluded from final analyses and diSCUSSIOn.

7. DATA FROM OTHER SOURCES

Data on occurrence of rare plants was obtained from the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service ROTAP database (Murray Ellis, NPWS,pers. comm. January 1994). These data are described below under the discussion of significant species. Data from plot-based surveys in the Yengo National Park system (Bell et al. 1993) were obtained from the NPWS database. These data were collected in a similar manner to those collected for the present survey and were useful for comparative purposes. To compare the Yengo data with data from the present survey, the combined data were analysed by classification techniques described above using the same parameters as used by Bell et al. Cover codes were used as the abundance measure, with the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity measure and FUSE using a beta value of -0.1. MFD plots were assessed as £loristically similar to Yengo communities where they were included within a defined Yengo group. Some difficulty was experienced in making this comparison because the defined Yengo groups were sometimes split to different parts of the dendrogram because ofthe addition ofthe MFD data.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOtrrH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOtrrH WALES 9 RESULTS

1. FLORISTIC COMPOSITIONAND COMMUNITIES

A total of 848 native vascular plant taxa and 29 naturalized taxa was recorded from the 146 plots assessed during the field survey. This represents a relatively high floristic diversity, comparable to that recorded (629 species in 144 plots) for the Yengo National Park system, a much larger (250000 ha) but less dispersed area which may be expected to include fewer habitat types.

Appendix 1 lists the species recorded from MFD by family, with their frequency of occurrence by floristic group and logging category to indicate ecological distribution

Fifty-one floristic communities were defined at the 0.7 level ofdissimilarity, in 23 groups at a level of 0.8. The dendrograrn resulting from the classification is shown in Figure 2. The composition ofthe 51 communities is summarized in Appendix 2. The 23 floristic groups are briefly described below in six broad vegetation types, and diversity and main environmental features are summarized in Table 3. Species listed below are generally those which occur in at least 60% of plots in a group with a mean cover ofat least 1.

A.GRASSYSCLEROPHYLLFOREST

Open forest or woodland with sparse to moderately dense sclerophyll shrub stratum and sparse to dense ground cover of grarninoids and herbs. This broad group occurs almost exclusively on Narrabeen sedirnents in areas regularly burnt by low intensity fire. It is most extensive in the west and north ofthe survey area. Most plots were estimated as having been burnt less than 10 years prior to survey. Communities MORf 1-5 in this broad group are equivalent to Yengo community 4a described by Bell et al., with 23 out ofthe combined total of32 plots being classified with this Yengo community.

MORfl Plots: ABEOOl, ABE003, ABE004, ABE005, DH02.3, DH03.3, DLR1.3, POK004, POK008, POK013, POK014, SGR4.3 Trees: Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus maculata, Al/ocasuarina torulosa Shrubs: Oxylobium ilicifolium, Persoonia linearis, Acacia parvipinnula, Jacksonia scoparia, Daviesia ulicifolia. Ground cover: Themeda australis, Lepidosperma laterale, Pomax umbel/ata, Dianel/a revoluta, Hardenbergia violacea, Phyl/anthus hirtel/us, Cheilanthes sieberi.

MORf2 Plots: POK005, POK006, PUT002, YAN002 Trees: Eucalyptus punctata, Allocasuarina torulosa, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus eximia, Shrubs: Jacksonia scoparia, Persoonia linearis Ground cover: Cymbopogon refractus, Desmodium varians, Lepidosperma laterale, Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea, Dianella caerulea var. cinerascens, Lomandra multiflora.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOtITH WALES 10 CE TRAL REGIO , EW OtITH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 'Tl(;) O--l Table 3. Summary of diversity and habitat offloristic community groups at 0.8 level. e~n IS number of plots. Richness IS number of species per plot, for native species (N) and naturalized exotics (I). Topographic exposure IS 1=ridge crest, eo--l'Tl 2=exposed slopes, 3=rnoderately exposed slopes, 4=sheltered slopes, 5=riparian. Parent material is ns=Narrabeen sandstone, pc=Perrnian coal meaures, oe pm=Perrnian mudstone, hs=Hawkesbury sandstone, bs=Basalt. Logging is estimated time since most recent logging event, coded as 1=1-2 yr, 2=3-5 yr, no~c;l3=6-10 yr; 4=11-15 yr; 5=16-20 yr; 6=21-30 yr; 7=31-40 yr; 8=41-50 yr; 9=>50 yr. Fire is estimated time since most recent fire, coded as for 10gglOg State (;)zrrJ'Tl Forests are abbreviated as the first three letters of the State Forest name. (;)rrJ rrJ~ ~~ ~~ Richness N Richness I Elevation Topo. Parent Logging Fire ~~ MORI D mean Id mean Id mean range Exp. Material med ql-q3 med ql-q3 State Forests

.'. ~ 1 12 49 9 2 2 285 35-480 2.5 os,pm 9 3-9 2 2-2.5 Abe,Oln»ok

2 4 63 10 3 2 315 270-350 2..5 os 9 9-9 1 1·3 Pok,Put,Yan 3 i:i 46 13 1 1 480 240-720 2.5 ns 9 8.5-9 2 1-3 COT,Oln,Pok,Put 4 3 48 12 2 1 145 60-290 3 ns,pm 4 2-9 I I-I Abe,Ces,Yan 5 1 29 . 1 95 . 3 pm 9 3 Ces 6 10 67 10 2 2 235 30.QOO 3 bs,ns 7 4-8 3 3-4 Com,McP,Oln,Put,Wat,Our 7 12 69 11 2 2 330 120-540 3 ns 4.5 3-7 3 2.5-4 Cor,OIn,Pok,Put,Wat 8 1 51 0 410 3 os 3 4 Oln 9 22 58 11 I I 280 110-530 3 bs,ns,pc 6 3-8 2 2-3 Cor,Hea,McP,OIn,Our,Pok,Wat,Wyo 5 10 1 76 5 620 4 bs 9 2 01n ~ (;) 11 3 53 7 1 1 530 380-700 2.5 ns 9 3-9 I I-I OIn,Put n~ 12 15 65 13 1 2 290 80··,nO 3.5 os,pc 7 6-9 5 4-6 Awa,Cor,OIn,Our,Pok,Str,Wat 13 5 47 10 0 I 310 30-620 4.5 ns 8 7-9 9 9-9 OIn,Our,Put,Str 14 11 65 17 0 1 205 80-620 4 hs,ns 9 7-9 4 4-6 Corn,Cor,Oln,Pok,Put,Wat,Yan ~~ 15 3 51 10 4 2 230 50-500 4.5 ns,pc,bs 7 5-8 5 3-5 Hea,Oln,Yan ~§ 0(;)-(;) 16 1 35 0 185 4 ns 9 6 Our orrJz-i 17 I 64 8 160 3 ns 3 2 OIn •zO'Tl 18 I 48 7 220 5 ns 7 4 Put rrJ~ ~(;) 19 12 47 6 0 0 200 40-440 2.5 hs,ns,pc 8 5-9 2 1-3 Awa,Com,Cor,Hea,McP,OIn,Our ~;l 20 9 60 10 0 0 240 160-345 3 hs 9 9-9 2 2-3 Com,MeP,Oln,Our,Str 21 4 36 5 0 0 310 210-410 2 hS,ns 9 9-9 3 2.5-3.5 McP,Pok,Put ~~ ~(;) 22 1 39 0 450 I ns 9 4 Pok 23 2 31 8 0 0 205 200-210 5 hs 9 9-9 2 2-2 MeP ~~ 0.8414 0.9850 , I A. GRASSY 1.1 E. maculata-Themeda australis SCLEROPHYLL 1.2 E. siderophloia-Jacksonia scoparia FOREST 1.3 E. sparsifolia-Themeda australis 2.1 E. crebra-Themeda australis 2.2 E. punctata-Goodenia ovata 3.1 E. prominula-Oxylobium ilicifolium 3.2 E. sparsifolia-Oxylobium ilicifolium 3.3 Angophora costata-Lomandra con/erti/olia 4 E. fibrosa-Entolasia stricta 5 Melaleuca nodosa-Leptospermum parvifolium ------B.GRASSY 6.1 E. pilularis-Calochlaena dubia MOIST 6.2 Syncarpia glomulifera-Calochlaena dubia FOREST 6.3 E. saligna-Entolasia marginata 7.1 E. acmenoides-Poa labillardieri I 7.2 E. acmenoides-Rhodamnia rubescens _ __ I 7.3 S. glomulifera-Astrotricha latifolia II 7.4 S. glomulifera-Acacia matthewii 1_1_ 8 E. agglomerata-Zien'a arborescens 1_ 9.1 S. glomulifera-Schoenus melanostachys 1 9.2 E. pipen'ta-Chionochloa pallida _ __ I 9.3 E. umbra-Imperata cylindrica I' 9.4 E. maculata-Entolasia stricta __1_1_ I 9.5 E. agglomerata-Imperata cylindrica II 9.6 Macrozamia communis-Panicum simile I 1_'_ 10 E./astigata-Doodia aspera 1_ 11.1 E. piperita-Astrotn"cha lati/olia 1 11.2 E. piperita-Calochlaena dubia __1 _ I C. RAINFOREST 12.1 Acmena smithii-Cissus hypoglauca I I WET 12.2 Acmena smithii-Ripogonum/awcettianum I SCLEROPHYLL 12.3 S. glomulifera-Cissus hypoglauca I 12.4 S. glomulifera-Rubus rosifolius I 13 Doryphora sassa/ras-Lastreopsis microsora I 14.1 Backhousia mYrlifolia-Doodia aspera I 14.2 Tristaniopsis laurina-Lomandra longifolia I 15.1 Melaleuca sryphelioides-Adiantum /onnosum I 15.2 E. deanei-Ficus coronata I 16 Choricarpia leptopetala -- 1- 1 17 E. microcorys-Rubus rosifolius -- 1_1- 18 E. deanei-Pellaea /alcata ------, I D. DRY HEATH 19.1 E. gummlfera-Ptilothrix deusta I WOODLAND 19.2 Angophora costata·Cyathochaeta diandra I 19.3 Angophora baken'-Chionochloa pallida I 19.4 Angophora costata-Dillwynia floribunda I I 19.5 E. umbra-Leptospermum polygalifolium ___1- , 20.1 Angophora hispida-Ptilothrix deusta I I 20.2 E. gummifera-Cyathochaeta diandra ____1__- I 21.1 E. eximia·Entolasia stricta I 21.2 E. eximia-Lamberlia /onnosa - 1 I E. NORTHERN LOW FOREST 22 Acacia bulgaensis ---- 1

F. WET HEATH 23.1 Banksia asplenifolia-Schoenus brevifolius 23.2 Baeckea linifolia-Empodisma minus

Figure 2. Dendrogram, truncated at the 0.7 dissimilarity level, from floristic classification of percentage cover of all species, Morisset Management Area.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES 12 CE TRAL REGIO , EW SOtTfH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES O. 3S MORf3 Plots: COROOI, COR003, DL03.3, DL04.3, DLR2.3, DLR3.3, OLNOll, POKOIO, PUT007, PUT009,PUTOI2,PUTOI4 Trees Angophora costata, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus sparsifolia, Syncarpw glomulifera Shrubs: OxyloblUm illcifolium, Persoonia lineans Vmes. Hardenbergw vlOlacea, Billardlera scandens Ground cover: Pomax umbellata, Entolasia stricta, Dianella revoluta, Goodema heterophylla subsp. heterophylla, Hibbertia obtusifolia, Dianella caerulea var. caerulea.

MORf4 Plots: ABE002, CESOO 1, YANOO 1 Trees. Eucalyptus fibrosa, Eucalyptus maculata Shrubs: Lissanthe strigosa, Maytenus silvestris, Bursaria spinosa, Melaleuca sieben, Pultenaea cunninghamii, Daviesia ulicifolia Ground cover: Entolasia stricta, Panicum simile, Dianella caerulea var. cinerascens, Lagenifera stipllata, Lepidosperma laterale, Microlaena stipOldes var. stipOldes, Chellanthes sieberi, Hypochoeris radicata, Senecio madagascariensis, Phyllanthus hirtellus, Aristida vagans.

MORf5 Plot CES002 Trees: Eucalyptus fibrosa Shrubs: Leptospermum parvifolium, Melaleuca nodosa, Acacia ulicifolia, Callistemon linearifolius Vines: Cassytha pubescens, Cassytha glabella Ground cover: Entolasia stricta, Phyllanthus hirtellus, Themeda australis.

B. GRASSY MOIST FOREST

Open forest to tall open forest with mixed grassy and herbaceous ground layer, often with abundant ferns, and scattered to dense shrub stratum. The latter is usually less than 3 m in height. This broad group occurs in similar environments as group A, but slightly more frequently in more sheltered habitats with lower fire frequency. Communities in this group occur extensively in the east of the survey area, especially in the Watagan group of forests. This broad group appears to be poorly covered by the Yengo reserve system, with only six out ofthe combined total of 49 plots being classified with Yengo communities.

MORf6 Plots: BB02.3, BB03.3, BBR1.3, BBR3.3, BBR4.2, COM004, MCP002, MCP007, OUR005, PUTOIO Trees: Eucalyptus pilularis, Allocasuarina torulosa, Angophorajloribunda, Eucalyptus saligna Shrubs: Breynia oblongifolia, Persoonia linearis, Synoum glandulosum Vmes: Cissus hypoglauca, Clematis glycinoides, Smilax australis, Geitonoplesium cymosum, Ground cover: Calochlaena dubia, Oplismenus imbecillus, Pteridium esculentum, lmperata cylindrica var. major, Dianella caerulea var. caerulea, Lomandra longifolia, Psychotna loniceroides, Desmodium varians, Microlaena stipoides var. stipOldes

MORf7 Plots: DH01.3, DHR.4.3, HEA002, MHR1.3, MHR.2.3, MHR.3.3, OLN003, OLN007, OLN008, POKOll, PUT005, SGR3.2 Trees: Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus acmenioides Shrubs: Persoonia linearis, Astrotricha lati/olia Vines: Smilax australis, Cissus hypoglauca

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOtrrH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOlITH WALES 13 Ground cover: Dianella caerolea var. caerolea, EntolaslO stricta, Hibbertia dentata, Oplismenus Imbecillus, Pseuderanthemum variabile, Pandorea pandorana, Prana purpurascens

MORf8 Plot: OLN009 Trees: Eucalyptus pi/ularis Shrubs: Prostanthera sieberi, Zieria arborescens, Acacia schinoides, Rhodamnia robescens, Acmena smithii, Astrotricha latifolia, Cryptocarya rigida Vines: Smilax australis, Dioscorea transversa Ground cover: Dianella caerolea var. caerolea, Entolasia stricta, Gahnia sieberiana, Hibbertia dentata, Lastreopsis microsora

MORf9 Plots: BB04.3, COR004, DH04.3, DHR1.3, DHR2.3, DHR3.3, DLR4.3, OLN006, OLN014, OLN016, OLN017, OUR003, OUR004, SG01.3, SG02.3, SG03.3, SG04.3, SGR1.3, SGR2.3, WATOOl, WAT005, WAT006 Trees: Syncarpia glomulifera, Allocasuarina torolosa, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus agglomerata, Eucalyptus umbra Shrubs: Persoonia linearis, Oxylobium ilicifolium, Breynia oblongifolia Vines. Billardiera scandens Ground cover: EntolaslO stricta, Dianella caerolea var. caerolea, Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides, Lomandra longifolia, Lepldosperma laterale, Pratia purpurascens, Panicum simile, Pseuderanthemum variabi/e

MORf 10 Plot OLN002 Trees: Eucalyptus fastigata, Allocasuarina torolosa Ground cover: Ageratina adenophora, Doodia aspera, Hibbertia dentata, Hydrocotyle laxifolia, Senecio linearifolius

MORf 11 Plots: OLN004, PUTOll, PUT015 Trees: Eucalyptus piperita, AngophoraflOribunda Shrubs: Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Oxylobium ilicifolium Vines: Kennedia robicunda Ground cover: Pteridium esculentum, Gonocarpus teucrioides, Platysace lanceolata, Dianella caerolea var. caerolea, Calochlaena dubia

C. RAINFOREST / WET SCLEROPHYLL

Open forest and tall open forest with dense small tree or tall shrub stratum and variable herbaceous ground stratum. This broad group occurs mainly on sheltered slopes and in riparian habitats on Narrabeen sediments, in areas which are less frequently burnt (most plots were estimated as at least 15­ 20 years since the most recent fire). Community group 14 is well covered by the Yengo reserve system, with all except one of the plots being classified with Yengo community 3a, as is the single plot of community 18. The remaining community groups are apparently not covered by this system, with only one plot ofthe combined total being classified with Yengo communities. On the basis ofoverall floristic composition, there is no clear distinction between rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest as broad groups. The distinction is more a structural one based on the relative abundance of eucalypts and Syncarpia glomulifera in the canopy.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES 14 CENTRAL REGION, EW SOUrH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES O. 3S MORf12 Plots: AWAOOl, HEAOOl, MH01.3, MH02.3, MH03.3, MH04.3, MHR4.3, OLNOIO, OUR006, POK002, RS1.4, STR002, WAT002, WAT003, WAT004 Trees: Syncarpia glomulifera, Acmena smithii, Eucalyptus acmenoides, Eucalyptus saligna Shrubs: Synoum glandulosum, Cryptocarya microneura, Rhodamnia rubescens, Eupomatia laurina, Citriobatus paucijlorus, Psychotria loniceroides, Trochocarpa laurina Vines: Cissus hypoglauca, Morinda jasminoides, Smilax australis Ground cover: Pseuderanthemum variabile, Polystichum australiense, Doodia aspera

MORf13 Plots: OUROOl, PUT006, PUT008, RS2.3, STR003 Canopy trees: Doryphora sassafras, Ceratopetalum apetalum, Acmena smithii Small trees I shrubs: Cryptocarya glaucescens, Tasmannia insipida Vines and epiphytes: Cissus hypoglauca, Morinda jasminoides, Marsdenia rostrata, Microsorum scandens, Pandorea pandorana, Asplenium australasicum Ground cover: Lastreopsis microsora, Blechnum cartilagineum, Lastreopsis decomposita

MORf14 Plots: COMOOl, COM003, COR002, OLN005, POKOOl, POK009, POK012, PUT013, RL1.3, RL2.3, YAN003 Trees: Backhousia myrtifolia, Syncarpia glomulifera, Tristaniopsis laurina, Eucalyptus saligna, Acmena smithii Shrubs: Pittosporum revolutum, Notelaea venosa Vines: Smilax australis, Pandorea pandorana, Cissus hypoglauca, Morinda jasminoides Epiphytes: Plectorhiza tridentata, Hymenophyllum cupressiforme, Pyrrosia rupestris Ground cover: Dianella caerulea, Doodia aspera, Lomandra longifolia

MORf 15 Plots: HEA003, OLNOOl, YAN004 Canopy I subcanopy trees: Acmena smithii, Eucalyptus deanei, Melaleuca styphelioides Small trees I shrubs: Claoxylon australe, Diospyros australis, Melicope micrococca, Hymenosporum jlavum, Ficus coronata, Rapanea howittiana Vines: Cissus antarctica, Stephania japonica var. discolor, Cissus hypoglauca, Clematis glycinoides, Morinda jasminoides, Smilax australis Ground cover: Adiantum formosum, Doodia aspera, Pellaea falcata var. falcata, Plectranthus parvijlorus, Oplismenus imbecillus, Pseuderanthemum variabile, Rubus rosifolius, Viola hederacea

MORf 16 Plot: OUR002 Trees: Choricarpia leptopetala, Acmena smithii Shrubs: Citriobatus paucijlorus, Notelaea longifolia Vines: Morinda jasminoides, Parsonsia straminea Epiphytes: Dendrobium tetragonum, Plectorrhiza tridentata Ground cover: Doodia aspera

MORf 17 Plot BBR2.3 Trees: Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus saligna Shrubs: Synoum glandulosum, Solanum mauritianum, Hibiscus heterophyllus subsp. heterophyllus. Rhodamnia rubescens Vines: Dioscorea transversa Ground cover: Calochlaena dubia, Rubus rosifolius, Syncarpia glomulifera

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 15 MORf 18 Plot: PUTOO 1 Trees: Eucalyptus deanei, Eucalyptus saligna Shrubs: Acacia irrorata Ground cover: Opbsmenus aemulus, Pellaea falcata var. falcata, Dichondra repens, Pteridium esculentum, Adiantum aethiopicum

D. DRY HEATH WOODLAND

Low open forest and woodland with dense low (1-2 m) understorey of sclerophyll shrubs and graminoids. Communities ofthis broad group occur almost exclusively on sandy soils on Hawkesbury sandstone, in areas which are burnt at intervals of less than 10 years. Within this broad group, MORf 19 and MORf 21 are equivalent to Yengo community 1, with all plots being classified there. MORf 20 is a separate group with no Yengo equivalent. It represents the eastern heath woodland of MFO, expected to be more similar to the more easterly reserves such as Brisbane Water NP.

MORf19 Plots:AWA002, AWA003, AWA004, COM002, COR005, HEA004, HEA006, MCP006, MCP008, OLNOI2, OLN013, OUR007 Trees: Angophora costata, Eucalyptus gummifera, Eucalyptus piperita, Eucalyptus umbra Shrubs: Persoonia levis, Gompholobium latifolium, Banksia spinulosa var. collina, Leptospermum trinervium, Acacia ulicifolia, Orylobium ilicifolium Ground cover: Entolasia stricta, Lomandra obliqua, Pteridium esculentum, Lepidosperma laterale, Themeda australis, Lomandra glauca, Patersonia glabrata

MORf20 Plots: COM005, OLOl.3, OL02.2, MCPOOl, MCP005, MCPOI0, OLNOI5, STROOl, STR004 Trees: Banksia serrata, Eucalyptus gummifera, Eucalyptus haemastoma Shrubs: Leptospermum trinervium, Xanthorrhoea media, Lambertia formosa, Isopogon anemonifolius, Banksia spinulosa var. collina, Hakea dactyloides, Phyllota phylicoides, Hibbertia empetrifolia, Grevillea burtfolia, Persoonia isophylla, Epacris pulchella Ground cover: Cyathochaeta diandra, Entolasia stricta, Lindsaea linearis, Anisopogon avenaceus, Platysace linearifolia, Patersonia sericea, Lomandra obliqua, Lepyrodia scariosa, Tetrarrhena juncea, Phyllanthus hirtellus

MORf21 Plots: MCP003, POK003, PUT003, PUT004 Trees: Eucalyptus eximia, Eucalyptus sparsifolia Shrubs: Persoonia linearis, Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia, Acacia ulicifolia, Leptospermum tnnervium Ground cover: Entolasia stricta, Phyllanthus hirtellus, Lomandra obliqua, Hovea linearis, Lomandra glauca, Hibbertia obtusifolia

FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES 16 CENTRAL REGIO • EW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S E. NORTHERN LOW FOREST

Low forest or woodland restricted to small areas on rock outcrops and rocky slopes in the north-western section of Pokolbm SF It is equivalent to community 5 Northern Escarpment Woodland of Bell et al. (1993), which they regard as occurring extensively in the northern parts ofYengo and Wollerru NPs.

MORf22 Plot: POK007 Trees: Acacia bulgaensis, AcaCia prommens, Angophora costata, Eucalyptus pamculata, Eucalyptus sparsifolia Shrubs: Bertya oleifolia, Exocarpos cupressiformis, Kunzea ericoides Ground cover: Lomandra confertifolia subsp. rubiginosa, Cleistochloa rigida, Paspalidium albovillosum

F. WET HEATH

This group is of restricted extent m areas of unpeded drainage on Hawkebury sandstone in McPherson SF.

MORf23 Plots: MCP004, MCP009 Medium shrubs: Banksia oblongifolia Low shrubs and ground cover: Schoenus brevifolius, Baumea rubiginosa, Epacris obtusifolia, Lepyrodla scariosa, Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. micranthus, LycopodIum laterale, Drosera spatulata

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW soum WALES 17 2. OVERSTOREY COMMUNITIES

Basal areas oftrees greater than 10 cm dbhob by species have been used to classify overstorey floristic data, as described above. Plot OL 009 was omitted from analysis because It sampled a plantation area and plots MCP004 and MCP009 were omitted because they sample a sedgeland/wet heath community with only a few emergent trees. Forty-two forest overstorey communities were recognized, in 25 groups. Figure 3 is the dendrogram resulting from the classification. The 42 communities are briefly described below. Due to the small number ofspecies which characterize the tree stratum in most plots, and the small plot size relative to what would be perceived as overstorey communities in the field, the classification is sensitive to variations in relative abundance which may be mmor in the context of patterns as they occur in the field. Communities defined from the classification have been interpreted in this context. In some cases, where plots appear to have been classified (at the chosen 0.6 level of dissimilarity) separately because of what appear to be local or minor variations in composition at a plot scale, they have been subjectively re-allocated or combined with other classes as indicated in the descriptions. The spatial context of surrounding forest and the consistency of associated species are considered in judging to what extent variations should be regarded as minor. In any case, all classes defmed at the 0.6 level are shown in Figure 3, even though some communities are defined to include several such classes. Logged plots MH03.3 and SGR3.2 were left unallocated because of uncertain relationships as indicated below in the description for MORov 11. Table 4 compares overstorey communities defined from the present survey with assemblages defined by other authors (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1989, Benson 1989). Relationships between overstorey communities and full floristic communities are summarized in Table 5.

MORov 1 Choricarpia leptopetala Plot: OUR002 Overstorey: Dense, low forest clearly dominated by the character species with other species sparse. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Sporadic and localized in the Watagan group of Forests. This plot samples an extensive patch in Richters Caves FR, Ourirnbah SF, suggested by Floyd (1990) as the largest area of this community known anywhere. Floyd also records this community (as Suballiance 27) from Little Jilliby FR (Wyong SF) and Gap Creek FR (Olney SF). C. leptopetala occurs fairly commonly throughout Watagan, Olney, Ourirnbah and Wyong SFs and in places forms a very dense understorey or subcanopy in eucalypt forest. Conservation status: Equivalent to Floyd's Suballiance 27. Choricarpia leptopetala, regarded as adequately reserved. The most extensive stands in MFD are all included within existing Flora Reserves.

MORov 2 Melaleuca styphelioides Plot: HEA003 Overstorey: Dense low forest ofM styphelioides with emergent E. saligna. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Restricted to a few small patches along swampy creeks in the eastern section ofHeaton SF and a small patch in the north-eastern corner of Ourirnbah SF. Conservation status: Analagous to the M linariifolia-M stypheliOldes association, assessed as vulnerable and inadequately conserved.

MORov 3 Citronella moorei-Planchonella australis Plot: AWAOO 1 Overstorey: Scattered large individuals of C. moorei, P. australis and Cryptocarya glaucescens with a range of smaller trees including C. glaucescens, Acmena smithii, Doryphora sassafras, Dysoxylumfraserianum and Guioa semiglauca. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded only as small patches in gullies in Awaba SF. Conservation status: This appears to be most similar to Floyd's Suballiance 14 Doryphora­ Daphnandra-Dendrocnide-Ficus-Toona, although Doryphora and Daphnandra are absent from the sampled stand. Floyd (1990) records Suballiance 14 (also without Doryphora and Daphnandra) from Gap Creek FR and Hessies Point in Olney SF and at Little Jilliby FR in Wyong SF. The reservation status ofthis suballiance is assessed as good in the part of its range which includes MFD.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF EW SOlITH WALES 18 CENTRAL REGIO ,NEW SOlITH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3.5 Dissimilarity measure MORov overstorey community 0.6642 0.8231 0.9820 I I I 10.1 E. macu/ata 10.2 E. fergusonii-E. macu/ata 11 E. microcorys Plots MH03.3, SGR3.2 ------12.1 E. agg/omerata-E. macu/ata 12.2 E. agg/omerata 13 E. fibrosa 7 E. pi/u/aris 7 E. pi/u/aris 9.1 Syncarpia g/omu/ifera-E. saligna I 9.1 Syncarpia g/omulifera-E. sa/igna I 9.1 Syncarpia g/omu/ifera-E. saligna I 9.2 S. glomulifera-E. saligna-Backhousia ntyrtlfolia ------I 9.3 E. deanei-S glomulifera-E. saligna I 9.4 E. deanei I 9.4 E. deanei __1- 8.3 E. acmenoides-E. panicu/ata I 8.2 E. acmenoides-S glomulifera I 8.1 E. acmenoides ------, 6 Tristaniopsis laurina-Backhousia myrtifolia 5 Angophorafloribunda-B. myrtifolia ------2 Me/a/euca styphelioides I 24 E. fastigata II 14 E. punctata 14 E. punctata 17.1 E. sparsifolia-Angophora costata 17.2 E. sparsifo/ia-E. fergusonii 16 E. eximia-E. sparsifolia I 16 E. eximia-E. sparsifolia ______I 23 Angophora bakeri -- " 15.1 E. prominula-E. punctata 15.2 E. crebra-E. punctata 22 E. racemosa-E. crebra 25 Acacia bu/gaensis 18.1 E. piperita-E. umbra-Angophora costata 18.2 E. piperita-S glomulifera 18.3 E. gummifera-E. piperita 18.4 E. piperita-Angophora floribunda 18.5 E. piperita-E. cypellocarpa 19.1 Angophora costata-Syncarpia g/omulifera 19.2 Angophora costata-E. piperita 19.2 Angophora costata-E. piperita ------20.1 E. gummifera-A. costata 20.2 E. umbra-A. costata 21.1 E. racemosa-E. gummifera 21.2 E. haemostoma-E. gummifera ------3 Citronella moorei-Planchonella australis 1 4.2 Doryphora sassafras-Ceratopeta/um apeta/um I 4.1 Sloanea australis-Acacia schinoides I 1 Chorlcarpw /eptopetala ------11

Figure 3. Dendrogram, truncated at the 0.6 dissimilarity level, from floristic classification ofbasal area oftree species, Morisset Forestry District.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOlJfH WALES 19 IV o Table 4. Comparison and conservation status of forest vegetation communities on the basis of overstorey composition. MORov floristic community is derived from numerical classification of survey data as described in the text. F.C. Forest Type is the nearest equivalent type as described in Forestry Commission of NSW (1989). Benson Association is the nearest equivalent association as defined by Benson (1989). ~5 z~ Reservation status is coded as: N = nol threatened; V = vulnerable; 1 = not or very poorly conserved; 2 = inadequately conserved; 3 = adequately conserved. ~~

~~ o·90< MORov Floristic Community No. plots Map units F.C. Forest Type Benson Association Res. status .z:::: 0 or Floyd Suballiance ~~ ~~ ~t"1 O-'l 1 Choricarpia leptopetala 1 52 23 Myrtle 27 Choricarpia leptopetala A ~o

:J:~ ~~ 2 Melaleuca styphelioides MTl 31 Paperbark M. l;nariifolia-M. styphelioides V2 ~~ t"10< ~o 3 Citronella moor~i·Planchonenaaustralls 1 26 14 Doryphora-Daphnandra-Dendrocnide -Ficus-Toona G ~

.~ 4.1 Sloanea australis-Acacia schinoides 52 37

4.2 Doryphora sassafras 3 52 12 Coachwood-Sassafras 37 CeralopetalumlSchizomeria-Acmena -Ceratopetalum apeta/um -Doryphora A

5Angophora floribunda 2 52 30 Backhousia myrtifolia-Acmena smithii A -Backhousia myrtifolia

~ 6 Trislaniopsis laurina 4 46, 105 23 Myrtle 730 Backhousia myrtifolia-Acmena smithii A -Backhousia myrtifolia 0.".,,~ ~o ~~ 7 E. pilularis 10 36,37 36 Moist Blackbutt E. pilularis N2 -'l~ 37 Dry Blackbutt E. pi/ularis-E. saligna N2 ~;;j ~o ~." 8.1 E. acmenoides 3 52,60 60 E. acmenoides-E. propinqua N2 ii3 Z ~~ ~~ ~o 8.2 E. acmenoides-Syncarpia g/omu1ifera 3 36,46 60 E. acmenoides-E. propinqua N2

~~8.3 E. acmenoides-E. paniculata 3 60, TSI 60 E. acmenoides-E. propinqua N2 z~ o~ .... t"1 ""~ ""'"0"" Table 4 cont. ~~ ...,,,,, No. plots Map units F.C. Forest Type Benson Association Res. status ~O I MORov Floristic Community O~ E. ~~ I 9.1 Syncarpia glomulifera-E. saligna 12 52,23,37 46/49 saligna N3 (')0 /;l"" ",z 1 . Syncarpia glomulifera-E. saligna 3 52,46 46/49 E. saligna N3 tTltTl 9 2 C!~ -BackhQusiamyrtifolia /;le ~~19.3E deanet-Syncarpia glomulifera S 52,46 52 Roundleaved Gum E. deane; N3 ~~ -E. saligna -Turpentine

~I 9.4 E. deanei 3 52 :52 E. deanei N3

10.1 E. maculata 9 70,741121, 70 Spotted Gum E. maculata N2 76 E. maculata-E. panieulata N2

10.2E. fergusonii-E. maculata 1 S - ?E. macula/a ?N2

11 E. microcorys 2 52, 70 ~ ? ?

5 112.1 E. agglomerata-E. maculata 2 MTl 70/121 E. agglomera/a N2 ~ 'lE. maculata N2 '" (')~

:rl~ I 12.2 E. agglomerata 6 121,621J21,70,115 121 Blueleaved Stringybark E. agglomerata N2 ~~ 13 E. 4 MTl 841ronbark 'lE. maculata N2 ~C! fibrosa o~ -tTl 0..., 14E. punctata 5 60, MTl 62 E. punctata±E. oblonga,E. sparsifolia N3 .zzO"" tr1~ 15.1 E. 3 117,121 64 Grey Gum-Stringybark ?E. punctata±E. oblonga,E. sparsifolia ?N3 ~'"I prominula-E. punctata "'...,0::0 ~gI 15.2 E. crebra-E. punctata 3 - 67 Grey Gum-Ironbark 1E. punctata±E. oblonga,E. sparsifolia 1N3 ~'" ~~116 E. ex/mia-E. sparsi[olia 4 100/234 100 Yellow Bl00dwood E. eXimia-E. gummifera N3 tTl(') "'~ 17.1 E. sparsifolia-Angophora costata 8 106,117 106 1E. punctata±E. oblonga,E. sparsifolia N3 I N ...... Table 4 cont. I MORov FJoristic Community No. plots Map units F.C. Forest Type Benson Association Res. status ()"Tl m5 z~ I 17.2 E. sparsifo/ia-E·fergusonii 1 106 - ?E. punctata±E. ob/onga.E. sparsifolia ?N3 ~~ ~~118.1E. piperita-E. umbra 3 113 106 E. piperita-Angophora cos/ala N3 Cl~ -Angophora cos/ala --

~ () 119.1Ang()ph()r~CQlt~t~·SY7t<:at'plaglcml4lif'IY"Q 2 105 ?E.pipefita-Angophora coslala ?N3 .-i - 19.2Angophora CQstata-E.piperita 5 106, 121; 234 106 E. piperita-Angophora costata N3

20.1 E. gummifera-Angophora costata 8 117,119,41 105 Smoothbarked Apple E. gummifera-Angophora costala N3

20.2 E. umbra-Angophora costala 6 113,121,60 61 Broadleaved White ?E. umbra ?N3 Mahogany ?E. gummifera-Angophora coslala ?N3

~ -i I 21.1 E. racemosa-E. gummifera 1 119/234 119 Scribbly Gwn-Bloodwood E. gummifera-Angophora coslata N3 > "Tl-iom ;>o'T1 I 21.2 E. haemostoma-E. gummifera I 119 E. O - gummifera-Angophora costala N3 m~~ -i~ I 22 E. racemosa-E. crebra I - ?1l7 Scribbly Gum ? ~;;l ? ~ 0 O"Tl ia Z I 23 Angophora bakeri 1 129 Rough-barked Apple E. eximia-Angophora baker; ()m - N3 m ~ ~Cl I 24 Eucalyptusfastigala I 60 154 Brown Barrel ?E.fastigaia ?N3 ~~ g:J~ I 25 Acacia bulgaensis ~~ ... m v. ~ Table 5. Distribution ofsurvey plots among overstorey and floristic communittes.

MORf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Tot

MORov 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 4.1 I 1 42 3 3 5 2 2 6 1 3 4 7 7 1 1 1 10 8.1 3 3 8.2 1 2 3 8.3 2 1 3 9.1 2 2 7 1 12 9.2 1 2 3 9.3 1 3 1 5 9.4 2 1 3 10.1 2 7 9 10.2 1 1 11 1 2 12.1 2 2 12.2 6 6 13 3 1 4 14 2 I 1 1 5 15.1 1 1 1 3 15.2 1 2 3 16 3 4 17.1 1 6 8 17.2 1 1 18.1 3 3 18.2 1 2 3 18.3 1 1 2 18.4 2 2 18.5 1 1 19.1 1 1 2 19.2 2 2 5 20.1 3 5 8 20.2 1 1 2 2 6 21.1 1 1 21.2 1 1 22 J 1 23 1 24 1 1 25 1 1

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION. NEW SOlITH WALES 23 MORov 4.1 Sloanea australis-Acacia schinoides Plot: RS2.3 Overstorey: Emergent tall E. saligna over a dense low canopy of S. australis, A. schinoides, Doryphora sassafras and Acmena smithii. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Confined to narrow strips along watercourses in Olney and Watagan SFs. Conservation status: A variant of Suballiance 37 Ceratopetalum/Schizomeria-Acmena-Doryphora, assessed (Floyd 1990) as inadequately reserved south ofSydney.

MORov 4.2 Doryphora sassafras-Ceratopetalum apetalum Plots: OUROOl, PUT006, PUT008 Overstorey: Closed forest clearly dominated by the two character species, usually with occasional patches of Backhousia myrtifolia. The canopy typically consists of dense patches interspersed with gaps and areas of uneven canopy height. Plot OUROO 1 is dominated by C. apetalum, with less common C. serratifolia and scattered Caldcluvia paniculosa and Doryphora sassafras, and emergent Syncarpia glomulifera. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Widespread as narrow riparian strips along most larger creeks in Putty SF. Less extensive in Ourimbah, Olney and Watagan SFs and probably in Pokolbin SF. The proportion of B. myrtifolia tends to increase at lower altitudes, grading into MORov6. Conservation status: This is probably most similar to Suballiance 37. Ceratopetalum/Schizomena­ Acmena-Doryphora, which Floyd records from several localities in Watagan SF, although stands in Putty SF are consistently dominated by D. sassafras and may represent a distinct minor variant. Suballiance 37 is assessed as inadequately reserved in the south of Its range near Batemans Bay. In MFD it is reserved in the existing Bar FR in Olney SF. Other sites suggested by Floyd as having particular merit are Wyong River below Hessies Point and The Basin, both also in Olney SF. Floyd did not inspect any sites in Pokolbin or Putty SFs. Suballiance 37 is also reserved in Wollemi NP, but may not occur to any significant extent in Yengo NP where the common riparian rainforest community is dominated by Backhousia myrtifolia (Bell et al. 1993).

MORov 5 Angophora floribunda-Backhousia myrtifolia Plots: PUT013, RLI-3 Overstorey: The two character species usually form a dense, low canopy with taller eucalypt emergents. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Occurs in a few riparian patches as a variant of MORov 6, usually occurring in broader valleys. Conservation status: This is most similar to Suballiance 30 Backhousia myrtifolia-Acmena smithii, assessed as adequately reserved, although Floyd notes that an occurrence at the The Basin in Olney SF is worthy ofreservation. One plot (pUT013) was classified with Yengo community 3a.

MORov 6 Tristaniopsis laurina-Backhousia myrtifolia Plots: COM003, COR002, POK002, POK009 Overstorey: Consistently dominated by T laurina, with B. myrtifolia much less abundant and tending to form a subcanopy. There are usually scattered emergent Syncarpia glomulifera, which may be locally common. Plot COM003 has a lower proportion of T laurina and was separated in the analysis, but is otherwise similar to the other plots. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Widespread throughout the area as narrow riparian strips along rocky creeks, mostly at low altitudes (100-250 m) on Narrabeen Sandstone. This is the most widespread riparian rainforest in Pokolbin SF and at lower altitudes in Putty SF. Conservation status: This is most similar in composition to Suballiance 29 Backhousia myrtifolia­ Lophostemon confertus-Tristaniopsis spp., although L. confertus does not occur in MFD and in the strict sense this suballiance is not recorded south of Barrington Tops. There are obvious similarities to Suballiance 30, in which Floyd regards Tristaniopsis as being generally rare or absent. Floyd records Suballiance 30 from The Basin and Gap Creek FR in Olney SF and assesses it as adequately reserved. Suballiance 29 is considered inadequately reserved in the

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SmITH WALES 24 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SmITH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S northern part of its range (north of Dorrigo). Backhousia myrtijo/ia is donunant in ripanan rainforest on sandstone in the Yengo reserve system, but Tristaniopsis laurina IS not a major component ofthese stands (Bell et al. 1993). One plot was classified with Yengo community 3a

MORov 7 E pi/ulans Plots. BB023, BB03.3, BB04.3, BBRl.3, BBR3.3, BBR4.2, COM001, COM004, MCP007, OLN007 Overstorey: E. pilularis is usually clearly dommant, with E. saligna occasionally locally common. Syncarpia glomulifera is a frequent associate and is occasionally locally dommant. Angophora flOribunda and/or Allocasuarina torulosa are usually present as a subcanopy Other species are mfrequent and uncommon. Understorey. Almost exclusively group MORf 3, usually a moderate to dense mesic shrub/small tree understorey. Common shrubs and small trees include Synoum glandulosum, Persoonia linearis, Psychotria loniceroides, Cryptocarya ngida, Trochocarpa laurina and Rhodamnia rubescens Vines such as Smi/ax australis and Cissus hypoglauca are usually common. Common ground cover species include Oplismenus imbecillus, Pteridium esculentum, Dianella caerulea and Lomandra longifolia. Plot COMOOl has a dense understorey dommated by Backhous/Q myrtijolia. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Widespread in sheltered sites in the east ofthe survey area (Comleroy, McPherson, OIney, Ourimbah and Watagan SFs), at 30-410 m altitude, mainly on Narrabeen Sandstone but also in gullies on Hawkesbury Sandstone. Conservation status This community is included in the E. pi/ularis or E. pilularis-E. salzgna associations ofBenson (1989), both assessed as inadequately reserved. It appears to be included in Sheltered Dry Hawkesbury Forest (community 1) of Bell et al. (1993). TIus broad type is well reserved, but stands in which E. pi/ularis is donunant are probably more restricted. On the basis oftotal floristic composition, one plot was classified With Yengo community 3a.

MORov 8.1 E. acmenoides Plots: MHR3-3, OLN003, OLN008 Overstorey: Overstorey clearly dominated by large E. acmenoides, with various associate species. Syncarpia glomulifera is common in plot OLN003, while E. deanei is the main associate in plot MHR3.3. Understorey: Group MORf 3. Usually moderate to dense small trees or shrubs. Frequent and locally abundant species include Astrotricha latijolia, Rhodamnia rubescens and Acacia schinoides. Common vines Hibbertia dentata, Smilax australis and Cissus hypoglauca. Ground cover species Gahnia melanocarpa, Pseuderanthemum variabi/e and Lomandra longifolia. Habitat and distributIon within survey area: Sheltered sites in OIney and Watagan SFs, at 250-400 m altitude on Narrabeen Sandstone. E. acmenoides is apparently absent from Putty SF and occurs only in the north-east ofPokolbin SF where it occurs mostly in MORov 8.2. Conservation status: Community 2B ofBenson and Fallding (1981), in Brisbane Water NP, is similar to MORov group 8. This group of commuruties IS probably mcluded in the E. acmenoides­ E. propinqua association of Benson (1989), assessed as inadequately reserved, although E. propinqua was not recorded in sampled stands. E. acmenoides is not recorded from the Yengo NP complex by Bell et al. (1993).

MORov 8.2 E. acmenoides-Syncarpia glomulifera Plots: MHRI-3, STR002, WAT003 Overstorey: Tall open forest with the two character species usually co-donunant. Associate species (E. scias, Angophora floribunda) normally comprise a minor proportion of the stand, although E. pi/ularis IS common in WAT003. Habitat and distribution within survey area' As for MORov 8.1 but including the north-eastern part of Pokolbin SF, 80-410 m altitude. Conservation status: As for MORov 8.l.

STATE FORESTS OF EW SOtITH WALES FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION. NEW SOlITH WALES 2S MORov 8.3 E. acmenOldes-E. paniculata Plots: DHR3.3, DHR4.3, HEA002 Overstorey: Tall open forest in which the two character species are consistently co-

MORov 9.1 Syncarpia glomulifera-E. saligna Plots: HEA001, MH02-3, MHR2-3, OLNOIO, OUR005, OUR006, POKOll, POK012, PUTOIO, RSl-4, WAT002, WAT004 Overstorey: Tall open forest with S. glomulifera present in every plot, usually as the most abundant, although not necessarily the tallest, overstorey species. E. saligna occurs frequently and often commonly, but is absent from some survey plots. Other associate species include E. acmenOldes and E. deanei. Several plots with high total basal area were separated by the analysis as indicated in Figure 3, but are otherwise similar in overstorey composition and are included here Plots WAT004 and OLNO 10 are unusual in having high proportions of Dysorylum /raserianum and Eucalyptus scias, respectively. They could be distinguished as separate communities. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Widespread, occurring in all State Forests and often extensive on sheltered lower slopes and gullies, frequently immediately below clifIlines, and almost exclusively on Narrabeen Sandstone, at 100-600 m altitude. Conservation status: This community and MORov 9.2 are included in the E. saligna association of Benson (1989), assessed as adequately reserved, although the predominance of S. glomulifera may be of significance. This community is similar to both community 3a and 3b of Bell et al., which are of fairly restricted distribution in the Yengo NP system but not stated to be of particular conservation significance. Three plots were classified with Yengo communities 3a or 3b. S. glomulifera is a characteristic species of sandstone gullies in central eastern New South Wales and it is likely that this and similar communities are well reserved in the extensive reserve system in this area generally.

MORov 9.2 Syncarpia glomulijera-E. saligna-Backhousia myrn/olia Plots: OLN005, POK001, STR003 Overstorey: Tall open forest in which S. glomulifera and E. saligna are co-

MORov 9.3 E. deanei-Syncarpia glomulifera-E. saligna Plots: MCP002, MHO!.3, MH04.3, MHR4.3, RL2.3 Overstorey: Tall open forest usually dominated by E. deanei, with the other species as common associates. Other species occur infrequently. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Sheltered lower slopes and gullies throughout the area, probably in all SFs, 140-280 m altitude, similar to 9.1. Conservation status: This community, with MORov 9.4, are included in Benson's (1989) E. deanei association, assessed as adequately reserved. These two communities are most similar to communities 3a and 3b ofBell et al. (1993).

FLORA SURVEY. MORJSSET FORESTRY DISTRJCT. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 26 CENTRAL REGlO • EW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERJES NO. 35 MORov 9 4 E. deanei Plots OL 001, PUTOOI, YAN004 Overstorey: Tall to very tall open forest, usually clearly dominated by E deanei, with other species absent or forming only a minor component ofthe stand Plot PUTOO 1 is a previously logged area \\1th a lugher proportion ofE saligna. Habitat and dlstnbutlOn Wlthm survey area' Sheltered lower slopes and gullies throughout the area. Conservation status As for MORov 9.3. PUTOOl was classified with Yengo commuruty 3c

MORo 10 I E maculata Plots· ABEOOl, OLNOl7, OUR004, SG01.3, SG03.3, SGR1.3, SGR2.3, SGR4.3, WAT006 Overstorey: Open forest with E maculata usually dominant. E. paniculata and E umbra are frequent associates, with E. punctata and E. pilularis slightly less frequent. One or more ofthese species may be locally co-dominant. Other species are infrequent. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Widespread and extensive along the eastern side of the Watagan group of forests, in Aberdare SF and the northern and north~tern part of Pokolbin SF, at low to moderate altitudes (110-530 m, mean 270 m), almost exclusively on Narrabeen Sandstone ConservatIOn status: Similar to Benson's (1989) E. maculata or E. maculata-E pamculata associations, both assessed as inadequately reserved. There is no similar commuruty described from the Yengo reserve system, and E. maculata is not recorded from that area (Bell et al. 1993).

MORov 10.2 E. jergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis-E maculata Plot: POK004 Overstorey: Low woodland ofthe two character species. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded only in a sma11 area on a ridge crest in Pokolbin FR. Conservation status: There appears to be no Benson equivalent to this community, although it could be regarded as a mmor variant of the E. maculata association in an extreme site. Although E maculata is not recorded for Yengo NP, this plot was classified with Yengo community 4A.

MORov II E. microcorys Plots: BBR2.3, SG02.3 These two plots are linked by dominance of E. microcorys, but otherwise have little in common. Both have been logged at moderately high intensity and the overstorey composition has probably been modified by logging. The main associates in plot BBR2.3 are E. pilularis, E. saligna and Syncarpia glomulifera. For plot SG02.3 the main associates are E. maculata and E. umbra. E. microcorys is of sporadic occurrence on the eastern side of the Watagan group of forests and reaches its southern distribution limit at about the latitude of Wyong. It is seldom a community dominant in this area and it is doubtful whether these two plots represent a naturally occurring assemblage in MFD. Plots MH03.3 and SGR3.2 were classified as most similar to this group, linked by the presence ofE. maculata and other associates but lacking E. microcorys. Both have b~n logged. Only E. maculata and E. acmenoides occur in both plots. They are most likely to represent stands intermediate between group MORov 10 and group MORov 8 communities, and relationships are complicated by modifications due to past logging. They are not regarded as a distinct community and have been left unclassified.

MORov 12.1 E. agglomerata-E. maculata Plots: ABE004, ABE005 Overstorey: Open forest dominated by E. agglomerata with E. maculata as an associate. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded only in Aberdare SF. Conservation status: This and MORov 12.2 are clearly analogous to Benson's E. agglomerata association, assessed as inadequately reserved. Although E. agglomerata is recorded from Yengo NP, it appears to not be a prominent member of any ofthe communities defined by Bell et aI., and is mentioned as an overstorey associate only in community 3d, described as being of

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH wALES FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGlO • NEW SOUTH WALES 27 conservation significance. On the basis of total floristic composition, both plots were classified with Yengo community 4a.

MORov 12.2 E. agglomerata Plots: COR004, DH04.3, OLNOI4, OUR003, WAT001, WAT005 Overstorey: Open forest mostly clearly dominated by E. agglomerata, with Angophora floribunda and E. punctata as frequent but uncommon associates. Plot OLN014 has a high proportion of E. sabgna. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Fairly widespread on ridges and upper slopes in the Watagan group of forests (Corrabare, Oloey, Ourirnbah and Watagan SFs), at 250-430 m altitude, on arrabeen Sandstone. Conservation status: As for MORov 12.1. No plots in this community were classified as similar to any Yengo community.

MORov 13 E. fibrosa Plots. ABE002, CES001, CES002, YAN001 Overstorey: Low open forest or woodland clearly dominated by E. fibrosa, usually with a lower proportIOn of E. maculata. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Fairly extensive on ndges and slopes in Cessnock and Aberdare SFs, at 65-200 m altitude, on Perrnian Mudstone. YAN001 differs in being associated with the E. sparsifoba complex in Yango SF. Conservation status: This community occurs as patches of local dominance by E. fibrosa within areas generally dominated by E. maculata (MORov 10.1). It is perhaps most appropriately included within a broadly-defined E. maculata association, assessed as inadequately reserved. However, on the basis of total floristic composition, all four plots in this community were classified with Yengo community 4a.

MORov 14 E. punctata Plots: ABE003, DHO 1.3, POK006, POK008, PUT003 Overstorey: Open forest of diverse composition but usually with E. punctata as the most common species. Associate species include E. sparsifolia, E. erimia, E. moluccana and E. fibrosa. This is a heterogeneous group ofplots which, because ofthe wide range ofassociate species, appear to be individually more closely related to other communities and probably should not be regarded as representing a separate community as a group. Most plots appear to represent patches of local dominance by E. punctata in asociation with various other communities such as MORov 17.1. Plots DHO 1.3 and POK008 were separated at a higher level of dissimilarity than others in the group. The main associates in DHO1.3 are E. siderophloia, E. acmenoides, E. pilularis and Syncarpia glomulifera and this plot is probably best regarded as a variant of MORov group 8 communities. The most common associate species in POK008 are E. sparsifolia and E. paniculata. This is probably best regarded as a variant of MORov 17.1 but was classified separately due to the local prominence ofE. paniculata and the low abundance ofA. costata. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Widespread as small patches in diverse habitats on Narrabeen Sandstone. Recorded in Aberdare, Pokolbin and Putty SFs. Conservation status: Groups MORov 14 and 15 are most appropriately included within the broadly­ defined E. punctata association, assessed as adequately reserved. The most similar Yengo community is 4a, Exposed Narrabeen Woodland. Four of the five plots were classified with Yengo communities, three with 4a and one with 3c.

MORov 15.1 E. prominula-E. punctata Plots: DHRl.3, DLR1.3, DLR2.3 Overstorey: Open forest of the two character species. Infrequent associates are E. crebra and Angophora costata. HabItat and distribution within survey area: Mostly restricted to slopes in the northern part of Pokolbin SF and small areas ill the south west ofOlney SF, on Narrabeen Sandstone.

FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOtfTH WALES 28 CENTRAL REGIO • EW SOtfTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S Conservation status: In the broad sense, tlus community is included within the adequately reserved E. punctata assoclation. However, E. prominula is a nationally rare speCles of restncted distribution, so this combination is potentially of significance Stands contaming E prommula are mcluded m commumty 4a ofBell et al., but occur infrequently.

MORov 15.2 E crebra-E. punctata Plots. POK005, POKOl4, PUT002 Overstorey: Open forest in which E. crebra is consistently dominant or co-dorninant and associated with E. punctata, but otherwise ofdiverse composition. Habitat and distribution witlun survey area: Fairly widespread on exposed slopes and ndges m Pokolbm and Putty SFs. Conservation status: As noted above, in the broad sense, this community is included within the adequately reserved E. punctata association. On the basis of overstorey composition it is similar to community 4b (Bell et al.) which is extensive and well reserved in the northern sections of Wollemi and Yengo NPs. However, only one plot was classified with a Yengo community and this was with community 5.

MORov 16 E. eximia-E. sparsifolia Plots: COM005, MCP003, POK003, PUT004 Overstorey: Usually sparse open forest or woodland with either, or usually both, ofthe character species present and dominant. Habitat and distribution WIthin survey area: Widespread in Comleroy, McPherson, Pokolbin and Putty SFs, but restricted to exposed, stony ridges, on Narrabeen or Hawkesbury Sandstone. Conservation status: Most similar to the E. eximia-E. gummifera association, assessed as well reserved by Benson (1989). It is probably included in community 4a of Bell et al., but is also related to community 2a except that Angophora bakeri, a characteristic component of unit 2a, is absent from sampled stands. Three of the four plots were classified with Yengo communities, one in each of 1, 2a and 4a.

MORov 17.1 E. sparsifolia-Angophora costata Plots: OL03.3, OL04.3, POK013, PUT007, PUT009, PUT012, PUT014, YAN002 Overstorey: Open forest in which E. sparsifolia is usually clearly dominant, mostly occurring with A. costata as a less common associate. Other species, ifpresent, are usually rare. Plot YAN002 has a relatively high proportion of E. crebra and E. punctata and is clearly similar to MORov 15.2. E. consideniana is co-dominant in plot PUTOl4 and this could be recognized as a separate community. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Widespread on ridges and upper slopes in Pokolbin, Putty and Yango SFs, at 325-660 m altitude on Narrabeen Sandstone. Conservation status: Group 17 communities are difficult to relate to any of Benson's associations, but appear to have closest relationships to the E. punctata association (which is defined with E. sparsifolia as a potential associate). MORov 17.1 has similarities to Yengo communities 2a and 4a. Floristically, six ofthe eight plots were classified with Yengo community 4a.

MORov 17.2 E. sparsifolia-E. jergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis Plot POKOI0 This represents a minor variant of MORov 17.1 in which E. jergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis is locally abundant. Such stands occur sporadically in association with MORov 17.1 and similar communities in the southern half of Pokolbin SF. This plot was classified with Yengo community 4a.

MORov 18.1 E. piperita-E. umbra-Angophora costata Plots: AWA002, COM002, OUR007 Overstorey: Open forest or woodland with E. piperita and E. umbra mostly co-dominant, consistently associated with Angophora costata which is mostly less abundant. E. gummifera is present in most plots as a minor component. Plot MCP008 is unusual in having a high proportion of A. costata and could be recognized separately. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Small patches on Hawkesbury Sandstone and Permian Coal Measures in most SFs in the east ofMFO.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlTI1i WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOlTI1i WALES 29 Notes: Group 18 communities are included in 4P of Benson and Fallding (1981), recorded from plateaux in Brisbane Water NP. They are similar to Benson's E. piperita-A. costata association, assessed as adequately reserved. MORov 18.1 is most similar to Yengo community 1 and all three plots were classified with that community.

MORov 18.2 E. piperita-Syncarpia glomulifera Plots: DLR4.3, OLNOI6, PUT005 Overstorey: Open forest in which the two character species are usually dominant. E. agglomerata is the most frequent associate, but occurs as a minor component. Plot PUT005 has a high proportion ofE. cypellocarpa. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Small patches in most SFs. Conservation status: MORov 18.1 is most similar to Yengo community 1. Floristically, one plot was classified with Yengo community 1 and one with 3a.

MORov 18.3 E. gummifera-E. piperita Plot DL01.3, OLN012 Overstorey: This is low open forest or woodland of the two character species, but the two plots otherwise have little in common and could be separated as individual communities. Plot OLN012 is associated with E. sieberi occurring as fewer, larger trees and small trees of Syncarpia glomulifera and Eucalyptus umbra. Plot DLOl.3 is a woodland in which Angophora hispida is dominant with occasional, usually taller, E. gummifera and E. piperita. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Restricted to small patches on shallow sandy soil over Hawkesbury Sandstone, in McPherson SF and Comleroy SF and on ridges in Olney SF. Conservation status: Probably broadly included in Benson's well-eonserved E. gummifera-Angophora costata association. It is similar to the well conserved communities 1 and 2a of Bell et al., but plot OLN012 may represent a significant variant as E. sieberi is not recorded from the Yengo NP system.

MORov 18.4 E. piperita-Angophorajloribunda Plots: OLN004, PUT015 These two plots are linked by the presence ofthe two character species but otherwise have little in common and it is doubtful whether they constitute a natural group. Their relationships with other communities are unclear and they are regarded as ofpotential conservation significance.

MORov 18.5 E. piperita-E. cypellocarpa Plot: PUTO 11 Habitat and distribution within survey area: Restricted to generally easterly slopes at high altitudes (above 700 m) in the western section ofPutty SF. Conservation status: This plot samples what appears to be a distinct community with no Benson equivalent. E. cypellocarpa is most commonly a tablelands species at the latitude of MFD. During survey this community was observed along the western boundary of Putty SF, extending into the adjacent Wollerni NP, but since no survey was done in the latter, the extent is uncertain and MORov 18.5 is regarded of potential conservation significance. This plot was classified floristically with Yengo community 1 even though E. cypellocarpa is not recorded from Yengo NP.

MORov 19.1 Angophora costata-Syncarpia glomulifera Plots: COROOl, DH03.3 Overstorey: The two character species are common, with E. sparsifolia as a less common associate. Plot DH03.3 has a high proportion ofE. jergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded in limited areas in Corrabare and Pokolbin SFs. Conservation status: Probably included as a minor variant of Benson's adequately conserved E. piperita-Angophora costata. On overstorey composition it matches community 1 of Bell et al., considered well reserved in Yengo NP, but only one plot (DH03.3) was classified with a Yengo community, and that with 4a because ofthe presence ofE. fergusonii susp. dorsiventralis.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 30 CE TRAL REGIO ,NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 MORov 19.2 Angophora costata-E. pipertta Plots: COR003, COR005, DLR3.3, MCP008, SG04.3 Overstorey' The two character species are usually co~ominant, although E. pipertta is absent from one plot. Plot MCP008 was separated in the dendrogram because of unusually high basal area of A. costata and presence of E. umbra, but is otherwise sunilar m composItIon to the other plots included here. Habitat and distnbutIon within survey area: Small patches m Corrabare, Pokolbin and Heaton SFs on Narrabeen Sandstone. Conservation status. This is clearly equivalent to the E. p'penta-Angophora costata association, which Benson (1989) assesses as adequately reserved. Overstorey composition is most similar to the very extensive and well-reserved Yengo community 1 Two plots were classified with Yengo community I and one with 4a.

MORov 20.1 E. gummijera-Angophora costata Plots: AWA003, AWA004, DL02.2, HEA006, MCP005, MCP010, OLN015, STR004 Overstorey: Open forest usually dominated by E. gummifera with A. costata as a consistent but less common associate. E. haemostoma and/or E. capitellata are locally common in several plots. These could be recognized separately. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Fairly widespread but scattered in all eastern SFs at 70­ 350 m altitude on Hawkesbury sandstone and Permian Coal Measures, but apparently absent from Putty and Pokolbin SFs. Conservation status: This community is analogous to the E. gummifera-A.costata association, regarded by Benson (1989) as well conserved. On the basis of overstorey compositIon it would be included in Yengo community 1. Four plots were classified with this Yengo community 1 on total floristic composition.

MORov 20.2 E. umbra-Angophora costata Plots: DH02.3, DHR1.3, HEA004, OLN006, OLNOII, OLN013 Overstorey: Open forest of mixed composition with no single species clearly dominant. The two character species are consistently present, but other frequent and sometimes equally abundant species are E. gummifera and E. punctata. Syncarpia glomulifera is present as a minor component in most plots. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Mainly in Olney SF on Narrabeen Sandstone. Conservation status: This would be included in the E. umbra association, or where E. umbra is less common, as a variant of E. gummijera-Angophora costata. Both are regarded as adequately reserved by Benson (1989), although E. umbra is not recorded from the Yengo reserve system. Two plots are classified with Yengo community I and one with 4a.

MORov 21.1 E. racemosa-E. gummifera Plot: MCPOO 1 Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded only in Pokolbin and McPherson SFs. Conservation status: This occurs as small patches with forests generally dominated by E. gummifera and A. costata and is probably a local variant of E. gummifera-Angophora costata assessed as well-conserved by Benson (1989).

MORov 21.2 E. haemostoma-E. gummifera Plot: STROO 1 Overstorey: Woodland dominated by the two character species. Habitat and distribution withm survey area: Small patches on shallow sandy soils on Hawkesbury sandstone. Conservation status: Included within the E. gummifera-A. costata association, which is defined with E. haemostoma as an associate and is assessed as well conserved by Benson (1989).

MORov 22 E. racemosa-E. crebra Plot: YAN003 Overstorey: Open forest dominated by the two character species. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded only as a single small patch on a sheltered rocky slope in Yango SF.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 31 Conservation status: This local assemblage is not readily related to any association defined by Benson (1989). It is a variant ofcommunity 4b ofBell et al.

MORov 23 Angophora bakeri Plot MCP006 Overstorey: Low open forest dominated by A. bakeri. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded only as a few small patches on stony ridges in McPherson SF. Conservation status: Included within the E. eximia-A. bakeri association, assessed as adequately reserved and apparently very widespread in the Yengo system. This plot was classified with the extensive Yengo community 1.

MORov 24 Eucalyptus fastigata Plot: OLN002 Overstorey: Canopy clearly dominated by E. fastigata with occasional E. saligna and a subcanopy of Allocasuarina torulosa. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Restricted to a small patch of basalt on the summit of Mount Warrawalong in OIney SF. Conservation status: Although Benson defines several associations characterized by E. fastigata, some of which are adequately reserved, the occurrence in MFD is isolated, with unusual overstorey associates and is best regarded as having high conservation significance. There is no record of E. fastigata for Yengo NP. The small stand in MFD is wholly included in the existing Warrawalong FR.

MORov 25 Acacia bulgaensis Plot: POK007 Overstorey: Low forest clearly dominated by A. bulgaensis, with occasional taller E. paniculata. Habitat and distribution within survey area: Recorded only as a few small patches in the north west of Pokolbin SF, on rocky ridges and upper slopes. It probably occurs sporadically on rocky crests and exposed slopes throughout that section of Pokolbin SF and possibly in similar habitats in Putty SF, but is unlikely to occur elsewhere in MFD. Conservation status: Included in community 5 Northern Escarpment Woodland of Bell et al. (1993), which they estimate as occupying about 2100 ha in the Yengo reserve system and as adequately reserved in Yengo and Wollemi NPs. The single plot was classified with this Yengo community.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 32 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALE FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 3. RELA TIONSHIPS BETWEENFLORISTIC COMPOSITIONAND ENVIRONMENT

Figure 4 is the two-dimensional ordination from CCA, with ellipses representing twice the standard deviation plotted around centroids for the four major flonstlc groups (A, B, C, D), and arrows representing several environmental variables as described above under methods. The ellipses are plotted as a guide only, as the data are not multivariate normal and the shape ofthe ellipse will be exaggerated by outliers. The relatively strong separation on this diagram of the floristic groups denved from the classification suggests that the floristic relationships shown by these different methods are similar and fairly robust. However, the degree of overlap and lack of clearly distinct groups on the ordination diagram reinforces the notion that the plots sample a continuum and that communities defined from classification groups are a convenient means ofdescriptIon rather than clearly distinct separate entities. It

mp···················· '.

.' \,...... '.' fa .'..- \, I:!. .' '. .'.' '. W······ \...... geol ;~ge

Figure 4. CCA ordination ofthe four broad floristic groups combined, group symbol plotted. Symbols are: 0 = group A, + = group B, X = group C, /). = group 0 Ellipses are plotted at two standard deviations from the centroid for each group. Environmental variables, displayed as arrows, are defined in the text (Methods, Section 3, pp. 6-7).

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlJfH WALES FLORA SURVEY. ~IORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGlO • NEW SOlJTIl WALES 33 The relatively much longer arrows for parent material and fire age suggest that, ofthe factors examined, these two are by far the most important in determining overall floristic patterns. Ellipses for the four major parent material classes are plotted on the same ordination pattern in FIgure 5. These suggest a major gradient from Hawkesbury sandstone and Pennian coal on one side to Narrabeen sediments and Pennian mudstones on the other. Classification group D (Dry Heath Woodland) is clearly strongly associated with Hawkesbury sandstone while groups A, B and C are very strongly associated with arrabeen sandstone and Pennian mudstone. These latter three groups are strongly separated by a fire history gradient, with group D being less recently burnt.

~It i i I ! ! I

100···_··_··_···········_·····_· ...~.. ;;;j~~~~~>Z~~- tff.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'.:::::..': wtP_·_·····..····_········- ~ . +.' .'.' ..' .'.' x ' xX fa .'.. .'.' x x f(····· \ .. "'\... ge'~ot---~ ;~ge

Figure 5. CCA ordination ofthe four broad floristic groups combined, parent material plotted. Symbols are: 0 = Pennian mudstone, + = Narrabeen sediments, X = Hawkesbury sandstone, /). = Pennian coal measures. Ellipses are plotted at two standard deviations from the centroid for each group. Environmental variables, displayed as arrows, are defined in the text (Methods, Section 3, pp. 6-7).

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlJTll \\'ALES 34 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOlITH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO 35 4. RELATIONSHIP WITH LOGGING HISTORY

Logging impact was assessed by comparing plots ofdifferent logging histories. Plots currently regarded as unloggable due to topographic constraints, and plots in rainforest or non-forest, were excluded from this analysis. Since no pre-logging data were available for logged plots, a comparison actually only measures differences between sites. The extent to which these Site differences may be attributed to logging history needs to be cautiously mterpreted relative to other factors likely to contribute to variation in vegetation. This is a very well-recognized problem associated with any 'retrospective' survey of this kind An alternative would be to predict logging impact on the basis of known ecology and expected responses of individual species. Smce the ecology of very few species is known sufficiently to make reasonable predictions, and because responses will vary according to environmental conditions and interactions With other species, such an approach will yield even less reliable inferences than a comparison of plots ofdifferent histories. Thus, despite the problems, a retrospective approach seems the far better alternative within the time constraints for this survey.

Appendix 1 gives a crude indication of the relationship between logging history and the occurrence of individual species, although this can only be interpreted broadly because of the range of other site factors which determine distribution of species among the plots sampled. Relatively few species are sufficiently frequently recorded to allow reasonable inferences in the context of site variation unrelated to logging history. The less frequent species are in the majority and are also likely to be of greatest conservation significance. Broader parameters relating to floristic diversity and overall community composition are examined here. They are much more robust to variations unrelated to logging history, but may still yield useful insight into logging impact, at least in a more general sense.

Table 6 compares floristic richness (number of native species per plot) among the four major floristic groups (A-D) described above and logging history categories, excluding plots in areas not subject to logging. More recently logged plots typically have higher floristic richness than unlogged or older logged plots. This is most likely due to short-lived disturbance-adapted species colonizing highly disturbed patches within logged areas. These are either in addition to species previously present, or the number of colonizing species exceeds the number of previous species lost following logging, to give similar or higher totals in more recently logged areas.

Table 6. Floristic richness ofplots by logging age class.

Broad Logging history floristic Logged <10 yrs Logged 10-30 yrs Logged>30 yrs group N SppJplot N Spp.lplot N Spp.lplot

A 5 59 2 49.5 18 43.5 B 16 61.5 10 60.5 21 59 C 1 81 3 60 14 58 D 1 41 4 45.5 11 46

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY. MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRICT. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGIO • NEW SOUTH WALES 35 The very strong influence of parent material and fire history on floristic patterns obscures more subtle relationships with logging history. As shown in Figure 6, logging history contributes comparatively little to overall floristic patterns. To more closely examine the influence of logging history and other variables, separate analyses were done on subsets ofthe data defined by various combinations ofparent material and fire history, based on the initial analysis shown in Figure 4. Three subsets were defined, as follows'

1. Parent material Narrabeen Sandstone or Pennian Mudstone and burnt less than 10 years previously.

2. Parent material Narrabeen Sandstone and burnt greater than 10 years previously.

3. Parent material Hawkesbury Sandstone or Pennian Coal and burnt less than 10 years previously.

These three subsets together comprised 102 plots (97% of the plots in the four major broad floristic groups and 70% of plots overall). Subset 3 was subsequently not further examined because it included only a single recently logged plot and logging intensity in this group is very low. In this subset, most of the plots which were randomly allocated to areas which had been recently logged were by chance placed in unlogged patches.

. . .'.' .'.' fr·········· \ ... o \...... geol I~ge

Figure 6. CCA ordination ofthe four broad floristic groups combined, logging history plotted. Symbols are: ti = logged < 10 yr, + = logged 10-30 yr, 0 = logged> 30 yr or unlogged. Ellipses are plotted at two standard deviations from the centroid for each group. EnVironmental variables, displayed as arrows, are defined in the text (Methods, Section 3, pp. 6-7).

FLORA SURVEY. MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRlCT. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlITH WALES 36 CE TRAL REGIO • EW SOUl1-I WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERlES NO 35 As shown in Figure 7, within subset 1, logging history is more strongly influential than it IS for the full data set, but contributes to a less extent than parent matenal, altitude and longitude. There IS substantial overlap among logging history categories, with only the older logging category tending to display some separation from the remamder. In tlus case the acute angle between the extended arrows for loggrng age, longitude and altitude suggest that these three vanables are fairly strongly correlated so the minor trend associated with logging age carrnot be unequivocally associated with that vanable Species which are most strongly associated with older logged and unlogged plots rnclude a mixture of those wmch favour shallow soils in areas subject to little or no logging (e.g. Astrotncha obovata, Patersoma glabrata and Actinotus helianthi) and those which were recorded only rn the western parts of Putty SF where there has not been recent logging (e.g. Acacia salicifolia) Due to the correlatIOns among these variables, it is not possible from the data alone to attribute observed patterns to impact of logging history.

r. Mp' ...... + .1.9ge ". + tp...... ' + ...... ' ..•...... •....•...•.•.::::::: ..---:--- c.;.~o . .

fage····························..·

w························ + 0 o 6

Figure 7. CCA ordination ofplots in subset 1, burnt < 10 yr, Narrabeen sandstone. Symbols are: 0 = logged < 10 yr, !:! = logged 10-30 yr, + = logged> 30 yr or unlogged. Ellipses are plotted at two standard deviatIOns from the centrOld for each group. Environmental variables, displayed as arrows, are defined in the text (Methods, Section 3, pp. 6-7).

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOtJrH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORJSSET FORESTRY DISTRJCT, FOREST RESOURCES SERJES 0 35 CE TRAL REGION, EW SOtJrB WALES 37 ~\. Ipn '\" ..' ...... \ •.•.. ..•. + ...... • -", .' .. C'I'P'Iiil.AIV , ••,., ... ..Ai -- . .

····························fifge

t

, wfp 'age Figure 8. CCA ordination ofplots in subset 2, burnt> 10 yr, Narrabeen sandstone. Symbols are: 0 = logged < 10 yr, !i = logged 10-30 yr, + = logged> 30 yr or unlogged. Ellipses are plotted at two standard deviations from the centroid for each group. Environmental variables, displayed as arrows, are defined in the te;\.1 (Methods, Section 3, pp. 6-7).

For subset 2 (Figure 8) which broadly corresponds to wet sclerophyll forest, the older logged / unlogged plots include a much greater range of floristic variation than more recently logged plots. This could be interpreted to indicate a contraction ofdiverse communities to a limited range of disturbance-associated communities in the first few decades following logging. However, the major contributions of other factors such as topographic exposure, longitude and fire history suggests that the patterns are much more complex than this. For example, there is a weak correlation between logging history and topographic exposure, with older logged plots associated with more sheltered positions. This reflects the historical changes in logging patterns, where 50 years ago logging was commonly carried out in riparian zones from which it is now excluded by management prescription. Although there is no clear separation in floristic composition associated with logging history, the relative length of the arrow for logging age suggests that there is a relatively important influence. Species such as Asterolasia correifo/ia, Kennedia rubicunda, Hibbertia scandens, Libertia paniculata and the naturalized herb Hypochoeris radicata, which are those most strongly associated with recent logging on the ordination diagram, are expected to occur in disturbed areas based on casual observations and what is known of the ecology ofthese species.

FLORA SURVEY, MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 38 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 DISCUSSION

1. SIGNIFICANTPLANTSPECIES

Species listed by Briggs and Leigh (1995) for which the known range overlaps or is close to MFD, and for which known habitats occur in State Forests of MFD, are considered below, with a description of occurrence within the area where records exist, and an estimate of likelihood of occurrence based on known habitats, where there are no records from the area. General distributions for each species are taken from Harden (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993) except where another source is cited. Occurrences in reserves are taken from Briggs & Leigh (1995) unless noted otherwise. Information on occurrence in MFD is mostly from plot data and general observations made by Binns during recent survey. Records from the January 1994 version of the NSW NPWS ROTAP database for the rectangle bounded by 320 40' - 33 0 25' S and 1500 30' - 1520 35' E are referred to where appropriate, as the 'ROTAP database' or 'defined rectangle'.

(aj Species listed under Federal Endangered Species Protection Act

Acacia bynoeana 3VC- (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Gosford district to Mittagong, endemic in central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Heath and dry sclerophyll forest on sandy soils. Occurrence in reserves: Blue Mountains NP, Royal NP. Occurrence in survey area: Not recorded from SF; nearest in ROTAP database are Kulnura, Morisset and Dora Creek. It may occur in forests and woodland with heath understorey in McPherson, Olneyand Ourimbah SFs.

Asterolasia elegans 2ECi (ESP Act, Endangered) Distribution: Known only from a single locality in Marramarra NP. Habitat: Wet sclerophyll forest. Occurrence in reserves: Marramarra NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF. Notes: Very unlikely to 09cur in MFD.

Bothriochloa biloba 3V (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Widespread from central New South Wales to Queensland. Apparently introduced to New South Wales central coast. Habitat: Woodland on poorer soils. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be reserved. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF. There is a single ROTAP record from 9.6 km SW of Singleton, on the roadside. Notes: May occur in woodland near SF margins.

Caladenia tesselata 3V (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Coastal areas south from Swansea, to southern and eastern Victoria. Habitat: Dry sclerophyll forest and heath. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be reserved. Occurrence in survey area: A single ROTAP record from Wyong, details otherwise unknown.

Cryptostylis hunteriana 3VC- (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: From Gibraltar Range to eastern Victoria. Habitat: Mostly swamp-heath on sandy soils. Occurrence in reserves: Gibraltar Range NP, Kuringai Chase NP, Ben Boyd NP, Croajingolong NP (V), William Hunter FR (V).

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUfH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 39 Occurrence in survey area: No records from anywhere within defined rectangle. Notes: Low probability of occurrence in MFD, but this is a widespread species which is sporadically recorded in diverse habitats. Several records are from disturbed areas and the species may f~vour particular regimes which reduce biomass ofcompeting ground cover vegetation.

Darwinia bijlora 2VCa (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Hawkesbury River to Cheltenham, endemic to central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Heath on sandstone or woodland on shale ridges. Occurrence in reserves: Kuringai Chase NP, Lane Cove NP, Marramarra NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from anywhere within defined rectangle. Notes: Low probability ofoccurrence in Comleroy SF.

Deyeuxia appressa 2E (ESP Act, Endangered) Distribution: Endemic to the Hornsby area. Habitat: Recorded from wet ground. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be reserved. Occurrence in survey area: No records from anywhere within defined rectangle. Notes: Very low probability ofoccurrence in MFD.

Eucalyptus camfieldii 2VCi (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Gosford to Royal NP. . Habitat: Localized in coastal scrub heath on sandstone, often in areas ofrestricted drainage. Occurrence in reserves: Brisbane Water NP, Kuringai Chase NP, Royal NP, Sydriey Harbour NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; nearest in ROTAP database are Wondabyne (S. of Kariong Trig) and Peats Ridge. Notes: Areas ofsuitable habitat in SF are restricted and probability ofoccurrence is low; most likely in Comleroy, McPherson and southern part ofOlney SF.

Eucalyptus glaucina 3VCa (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Near Casino and from Taree to Broke. Habitat: Very sporadic in grassy woodland on deep, moderately fertile soils. Occurrence in reserves: Selection Flat FR; disjunct southern population apparently not reserved. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; nearest in ROTAP database are Pokolbin Road near Broke turnoff, and Minembah, both at least several kilometers from SF. Response to disturbance: Mature individuals would be resilient to low to moderate intensity fire. Like most eucalypts, it has the potential to regenerate prolifically from seed following fire. Notes: Apparently mostly confined to valley floors. Ifit occurs in MFD it is most likely to be restricted to small areas in larger valleys or lower slopes in Pokolbin SF, near boundaries with private property.

Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens 2V (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Tomago to Kurri Kurri. Habitat: Woodland on sandy soils, often in wet sites. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be reserved. Occurrence in survey area: ?No records from anywhere within defined rectangle.

Eucalyptus pumila 2VCi (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Endemic to Pokolbin area. Habitat: Sclerophyll shrubland on skeletal soil on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Pokolbin FR Occurrence in survey area: Recorded only from Pokolbin FR and adjacent private property (Portion 146, Parish ofRothbury). Response to disturbance: This is a mallee species which resprouts vegetatively following low to moderate intensity fire. Notes: The only known stands in SF are wholly reserved.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 40 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S Grevillea shiressii 2VCit (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Endemic to the Gosford area. Habitat: Creek banks in wet sclerophyll forest on Hawkesbury sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Known population totally reserved in Brisbane Water NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; recorded only from Mooney Creek and Mullet Creek near Wondabyne, both in Brisbane Water NP. Notes: An apparently very restricted species which is very unlikely to occur in SF.

Homoranthus danvinioides 3VCa (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Putty to Dubbo district. Habitat: Dry sclerophyll forest or woodland on sandstone outcrops or ridges. Occurrence in reserves: Goulbum River NP, Wollemi NP. Occurrence in survey area: Not recorded from SF; the only records in ROTAP database are from WollemiNP. Notes: There is a low probability ofoccurrence on rocky ridges in Pokolbin or Putty SF.

Kennedia retrorsa 2VCa (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Mainly on Mount Dangar; also Goulbum River valley to Putty area. Habitat: Maryott-Brown and Wilks (1993) record it from moist eucalypt woodlands dominated by Eucalyptus deanei. Occurrence in reserves: Goulbum River NP, Wollemi NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; only ROTAP database record is from Devils Hole in the south ofYengo NP. Response to disturbance: Expected to regenerate from soil-stored seed after moderate to high intensity fire. Notes: It may occur in sheltered forests in Putty or Comleroy SFs.

Kunzea rupestris 2VCa (ESP Act, Endangered) Distribution: Restricted to the area between Glenorie and Maroota. Habitat: Heath on rock platforms. Occurrence in reserves: Kuringai Chase NP, Marramarra NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; ROTAP database records are from Marramarra NP, Glenorie and Maroota. Notes: Most ofMFD is beyond the known range ofthis species and suitable habitats are very limited. It is very unlikely to occur in MFD.

Melaleuca groveana 3RC- (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Sporadically distributed from Yengo NP to central Queensland. Habitat: Heath and shrubland on rock outcrops. Occurrence in reserves: Blackdown Tableland NP, Beerwah NP, Mount French NP, Six-B FR, Tomaree NP, Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: Locally abundant in parts ofCorrabare SF, and widespread and scattered in Pokolbin SF. Nearby it has been recorded fairly commonly in Yengo NP. Response to disturbance: Mature plants have been observed to recover from severe fires (Binns unpubl. obs.) and this species is expected to be tolerant of a range of fire regimes. Frequent fires over several decades would prevent establishment of new recruits and lead to population declines as mature plants age and die.

Micromyrtus blakelyi 2VCi (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Endemic to Hawkesbury River area. Habitat: Heath in depressions on sandstone rock platforms. Occurrence in reserves: Marramarra NP, Muogamarra NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from anywhere within defined rectangle. Notes: Suitable habitat in SF is very limited and most of MFD is north of the known limit of distribution. There is a very low probability ofoccurrence in Comleroy SF.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW soum WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW soum WALES 41 Olearia cordata 2VCi (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Wollombi to Wiseman's Ferry. Habitat: Dry sc1erophyll forest and open shrubland on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Wollemi NP, Wisemans Ferry Historic Site, Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF. Most records are from the Wisemans Ferry area, with a few scattered localities in Yengo NP as far north as the latitude ofWollombi. Notes: There is a low probability ofoccurrence in Pokolbin, Yengo or McPherson SF.

Persicaria elatior 3V (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Widespread in Queensland and eastern New South Wales, but infrequent. Habitat: Damp places. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be reserved. Occurrence in survey area: No records from anywhere within defined rectangle. Notes: Most likely to occur in larger swamps with areas ofopen water, and could possibly occur at the margins ofdams in MFD. .

Pomaderris brunnea 2VC- (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Restricted to the Colo River and upper Nepean River areas in central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Open forest. Occurrence in reserves: Wollemi NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; the only ROTAP database record from the'defined rectangle is Boorai Creek, a tributary ofthe Colo River. Notes: Most of MFD is north of the known range, but there is a low probability of occurrence in Comleroy SF.

Pterostylis gibbosa 2E (ESP Act, Endangered) Distribution: Illawarra area, with a disjunct population in the Hunter Valley. Habitat: Among grass in sc1erophyll forest. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be reserved. Occurrence in survey area: No records.

Syzygium paniculatum 3VCi (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Scattered localities between Bulahdelah and Jervis Bay; endemic to central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Subtropical or littoral rainforest on sandy soils or stabilized coastal dunes. Most non-littoral records appear to be from larger creek valleys. Occurrence in reserves: Booti Booti SRA, Myall Lakes NP, Wamberal Lagoon NR, Wyrrabalong NP, Jervis Bay NR. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF. Most records for the defined rectangle are from Gosford, Wamberal Lagoon and Wyrrabalong NP. Payne (1991) records a significant population, with at least forty trees, along Ourimbah Creek west of the Sydney-Newcastle Freeway. This population is on private land but may extend into Ourimbah SF at the far southern boundary ofthe forest. Suitable habitat is otherwise of restricted extent in MFD, but the species may also occur along larger creeks in Olney SF or Strickland SF. Response to disturbance: Payne (1991) notes that trees coppice readily following fire, although the effect offrequent fire is unknown.

Tetratheca glandulosa 2VC- (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Mangrove Mountain to Sydney and Blue Mountains. Habitat: Heath or scrub on sandy or rocky soils. Occurrence in reserves: Dharug NP, Garigal NP, Kuringai Chase NP; also Yengo NP (Bell et al. 1993). Occurrence in survey area: Locally abundant in Angophora costata-Eucalyptus gummifera- E. capifellata woodland in the southern part of McPherson SF, but not recorded elsewhere. ROTAP database records are from Mangrove Mountain and Kulnura areas and it may also occur in similar habitats in nearby areas ofOlney SF or Ourimbah SF. Response to dist.urbance: Maryott-Brown and Wilks (1993) suggest that it could be fire sensitive, with adult plants being killed and recruitment (and thus long term survival) being dependent on soil-

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW soum WALES 42 CENTRAL REGION, NEW soum WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 stored seed. They suggest a minimum fire free interval of 10 years. However, their assessment seems unrealistically conservative and somewhat inconsistent with the occurrence of this species in fire-prone environments. The diffuse rooting habit ofthe species, with multiple stems arising from a woody rootstock, would be expected to confer a high degree of resilience to both physical damage and fire. The habit is very similar to that ofT. juncea, which is demonstrably resilient to a single fire and resprouts vegetatively even after fires ofhigh intensity. Notes: It may be necessary to manage competing vegetation to certain maximum levels to maintian high populations ofT. glandulosa.

Tetrathecajuncea 3VCi (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Bulahdelah to Lake Macquarie; previously also from Sydney but believed to be extinct there. Habitat: Sandy heath and dry sclerophyll forest. Payne (1993) describes it as occurring in low forest or woodland ofthe Angophora costata complex (main overstorey species A. costata, E. gummifera, E. capitellata and E. haemostoma) with Themeda australis as the dominant ground cover grass. Occurrence in reserves: Glenr~k SRA; also Munmorah SRA and Awabakal NR (Payne 1993). Occurrence in survey area: During the current survey it was recorded as locally abundant on ridges and upper slopes on the eastern side ofthe eastern cliflline in Heaton SF and Awaba SF. Densities were estimated at 300-500 mature clumps per ha. Response to disturbance: The species survives a single fire but very frequent fires (interval ofone to two years) may successively reduce populations or cause local extinction. For example five fires in nine years were noted to virtually eliminate a population near Newcastle (Payne 1993). During the current survey, stands in Heaton SF which were burnt by severe wildfire in January 1993 resprouted prolifically from rootstocks. Payne (1993) records flowering from August to January and seed set from October, so frequent spring or early summer fires may be most deleterious in the long term by preventing seed production. During current surveys, some plants were noted to be resprouting along tracks where vegetation and topsoil had been removed, and it appears that the species is quite tolerant"oflow to moderate levels ofphysical disturbance. Notes: Payne (1993) notes that populations in existing reserves are not sufficient to assure long term cOnservation ofthis species and that a large proportion ofknown populations are on private land likely to be subject to development. Populations in MFD are thus of considerable conservation significance. It may be necessary to maintain biomass of competing vegetation at relatively low levels to maximize population size ofT. juncea. An appropriate fire regime is required.

Velleia peTloliata 2VC- (ESP Act, Vulnerable) Distribution: Upper Hunter Valley to Hawkesbury River district, endemic in central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Heath on shallow sandy,soil over sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Wollemi NP, Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF. ROTAP database records are from scattered localities in Yengo NP, as far north as 33° S latitude. Notes: Suitable habitats in SF are limited, but there is a low probability of occurrence in Pokolbin, Yango or McPherson SFs.

(b) Other nationally Significant species

Acacia bulgaensis 2RCa Distribution: Endemic to the Hunter Valley, in the vicinity of Bulga, Milbrodale and Broke (Tindale et al. 1992). Habitat: Mostly on ridges and upper slopes, on shallow soils among sandstone outcrops, in sclerophyll woodland or sometimes fonning pure stands. Occurrence in reserves: Common in the northern sections ofYengo and Wollemi NPs. Occurrence in survey area: Recorded at a single locality as a community dominant over several hectares , in Pokolbin SF, on a ridge crest among sandstone outcrops. It is likely to occur in other similar habitats in the north-western section of Pokolbin SF, and perhaps in Putty SF, but unlikely elsewhere in MFD. Notes: As with other larger acacias, this species would be expected to have a life span ofat least several

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SoUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUfH WALES 43 decades and regenerate prolifically from soil-stored seed following moderate to high intensity fire. The seed would probably remain viable for at several decades. Maryott-Brown and Wilks (1993) suggest a fire-free interval ofat least 10-15 years.

Acaciafulva 2RC Recorded only from basalt-derived soils in Yengo NP and near Bulga. As no basalt soils are known from Yango or Pokolbin SFs, this species is very unlikely to occur in MFD.

Acaciapubescens 2VCa Distribution: Bilpin and Woodford to Georges River, endemic in central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Open sclerophyll forest and woodland on clay soils. Occurrence in reserves: Wollemi NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; all ROTAP records are from near Bilpin. Notes: Very unlikely to occur in MFD, since it is just outside the known range ofthe species.

Acacia terminalis 'Kulnura form' 2RC (Maryott-Brown and Wilks 1993) Distribution: Mainly in the Bucketty, Kulnura and Mangrove Mountain areas, with a disjunct record from near Kurri Kurri. Habitat: Dry sclerophyll forest or woodland on sandstone ridges and upper slopes, often on shallow soils among sandstone outcrops. Occurrence in reserves: Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: Recorded from McPher~on SF in dry heath woodland. Notes: Biology is expected to be similar to other species ofAcacia, being fire-sensitive but regenerating from soil-stored seed. Maryott-Brown and Wilks (1993) suggest a fire interval of 12-20 years, although most habitats in MFD in which it occurs are probably burnt much more frequently than this.

Atkinsonia ligustrina 2RCa Distribution: Endemic to the Blue Mountains and Colo plateau in central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Low woodland, heath and shrubland on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Blue Mountains NP, Wollemi NP. Occurrence in survey area: Not recorded from SF; nearest is Colo River Gorge. Notes: Most of MFD is outside the known range. There is a very low probability of occurrence in Comleroy SF.

Bertya brownii 2RC- Distribution: From Taree area to Narooma; endemic in eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Deep gullies in rainforest and eucalypt forest, mainly on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Kuringai Chase NP; also Deua NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records within defined rectangle. Notes: This species seems to occupy a range of forest habitats and its occurrence cannot be predicted with any certainty. As MFD is within the limits of its range and has broadly suitable habitats, there is a chance that it may occur somewhere within the MA. It is most likely to occur on rocky slopes near the ecotone between dry and wet sclerophyll forest.

Boroniafraseri 2RCa Distribution: Sydney region. Habitat: Wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest in gullies on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Blue Mountains NP, Brisbane Water NP, Kuringai Chase NP. Occurrence in survey area: Not recorded from SF; nearest ROTAP database records are Woy Woy Creek and Mooney Creek near Woy Woy. Notes: Most ofMFD is north ofthe known distribution limit ofthis species and its occurrence is very unlikely.

Brasenia schreberi 3RC-+ Distribution: Widespread throughout eastern Australia, also in Africa, Asia and America. Habitat: Widespread but uncommon, in shallow freshwater lagoons or backwaters. Occurrence in reserves: Crowdy Bay NP; also proposed Flora Reserve Urbenville MA (Binns 1995).

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SmITH WALES 44 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SoUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 Occurrence in survey area: No record from SF. The only nearby ROTAP database record is from Gees Lagoon on the Colo River. Notes: There is no natural habitat feature in MFD which is likely to support this species, but there is a remote possibility ofits occurrence in dams.

Callistemon shiressii 3RC- Distribution: Central coast and lower north coast ofNew South Wales, from Colo River to Gosford and Howes Valley to Bulga. ' Habitat: Shale ridges, moist eucalypt forest, rainforest and along riverbanks. Occurrence in reserves: Wollemi NP, Yengo NP. , Occurrence in survey area: Scattered occurence in wet sc1erophyll forest throughout the area. Response to disturbance: Observed'to resprout following fire (Maryott-Brown and Wilks 1993), and likely to also be resilient to physical damage. Like other Callistemon species, it could be expected to regenerate from seed in disturbed areas. Maryott-Brown and Wilks (1993) sugg~st a fire interval ofat least 8-10 years. In MFD, the actual fire interval in wet sclerophyll forests in which it occurs is likely to be greater than this.

Danvinia glaucophylla 2RCi Distribution: Endemic to the Gosford district. Habitat: Heath on shallow soils on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Brisbane Water NP. Occurrence in survey area: Not recorded from SF; most ROTAP database records are from near Kariong (Brisbane Water NP). Notes: Suitable habitat in SF is limited. There is a very low probability ofoccurrence in Strickland SF.

Danvinia procera 2RCa Distribution: Gosford to Manly. Habitat: Dry sc1erophyll forest and scrub at the head ofsheltered gullies on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Brisbane Water NP, Dharug NP, Garigal NP, Kuringai Chase NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records. Notes: Most of MFD is north of the known limit of distribution. There is a very low probability of occurrence in Strickland SF.

Dillwynia tenuifolia 2RCa Distribution: Cumberland Plain and Blue Mountains to Howes Valley. Habitat: Dry sc1erophyll woodland on sandstone, shale or laterite. Occurrence in reserves: Blue Mountains NP, Windsor Downs NP, ?Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF; nearest is Bulga Mountains just north ofYengo NP (ROTAP database). Response to disturbance: The single record from Bulga Mountains is from a livery disturbed site in northern escarpment woodland on Narrabeen sandstone" (Maryott-Brown and Wilks 1993). They suggest a fire interval of at least 8-12 years. It also occurs in highly disturbed habitats (where most ofthe topsoil had been removed 1-2 years previqusly by grading) near Castlereagh SF (D. Binns unpubl. obs.). It appears to be tolerant of disturbance and may be expected to regenerate well in disturbed areas. Notes: Communities similar to northern escarpment woodland of Bell et al. occur in the northern and western parts ofPokolbin SF and this species may occur there. It is unlikely to occur elsewhere inMFD. .

Eucalyptusfergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis 2RC­ Distribution: Endemic to Wollombi Valley and Wollemi area. Habitat: Dry sclerophyll forest on sandstone ridges. Occurrence in reserves: Wollemi NP; also fairly common in the north ofYengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: Widespread in Pokolbin SF, especially in the southern half, and often locally common, sometimes to the extent ofbeing overstorey dominant. It is less common in Yango SF, and is likely to occur in Putty SF, but probably does not occur elsewhere in MFD. Response to disturbance: Adult trees are resilient to fire and recruitment from seed would be expected to follow a major disturbance event, as with most eucalypts. Frequent fire would prevent

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 45 ------

recruitment, but would need to be maintained for over a centuIy to seriously deplete populations. Notes: Maryott-Brown and Wilks (1993) suggest that .competition with E. fibrosa may be a threat to this species, as sites with adult E. fergusonii had abundant E. fibrosa seedlings but no E. jergusonii.

Eucalyptusfergusonii subsp. fergusonii 3KC­ Distribution: Bulahdelah to Morisset, New South Wales. Habitat: Mainly wet sclerophyll forest. Occurrence in reserves: Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: Known only from a few small stands in the northern part ofWatagan SF. Response to disturbance: Mature individuals are resilient to fire and physical damage and regenerate well from seed in disturbed areas. However, there is apparently considerable genetic intergrading between this species and the more common and widespread E. paniculata, and the genetic balance is possibly sensitive to disturbance.

Eucalyptus hypostomatica 3RC­ Distribution: Pokolbin to Kangaroo Valley. Habitat: Grassy or sclerophyll forest on medium fertility soil. Occurrence in reserves: Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: Widespread but scattered, mostly on sheltered slopes among or immediately below sandstone cliffs. . Response to disturbance: As for other eucalypts.

Eucalyptus michaeliana 3RCa Distribution: Disjunct populations from Wollombi to St Albans and east ofArmidale. Habitat: DIy sclerophyll woodland on sandy soils. Occurrence in reserves: Mount Barney NP, Guy Fawkes River NP, Oxley-Wild Rivers NP, Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: There are records from the section ofthe former McPherson SF which has since been revoked for Mangrove Creek Dam catchment. It may occur in the southern section which remains McPherson SF. It is otherwise widespread in Yengo NP but is unlikely to occur elsewhere in MFD. Response to disturbance: As for other eucalypts.

Eucalyptus prominula 2KC- Distribution: Endemic to Bucketty district and Hunter Range. Habitat: DIy sclerophyll forest on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: Common and widespread on ridges and slopes in the northern half of Pokolbin SF and more localized in the western part of OIney SF. It probably does not occur elsewhere in MFD. It commonly grows as scattered individuals in stands dominated by other species, but also occurs as a community dominant on some stoney slopes. Response to disturbance: As for other eucalypts. Seedlings were noted to be freely regenerating in recently logged areas in Pokolbin SF where adults were present.

Gonocarpus salsoloides 3RCa Distribution: Coastal districts from Port Macquarie to Royal NP. Habitat: Swampy areas on sand. Occurrence in reserves: Crowdy Bay NP, Limeburners Creek NR, Botany Bay NP, Brisbane Water NP, Royal NP, Sydney Harbour NP. Occurrence in survey area: Not recorded from SF; nearest are Woy Woy and Wondabyne. Notes: Small areas ofpossibly suitable habitat occur in Strickland SF. It is unlikely to occur elsewhere inMFD.

Grevillea oldei 2RC- Distribution: Mangrove Mountain to Woy Woy; Habitat: Heath or woodland on shallow sandy soils on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Brisbane Water NP. Occurrence in survey area: Widespread and fairly common m heath woodland on Hawkesbury

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 46 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 Sandstone in Strickland SF, but not recorded elsewhere in MFD. It may occur in similar habitats in McPherson SF or the south-western part ofOlney SF.

Leptospermum spectabUe 2RC­ Distribution: Endemic to the Colo River area. Habitat: Rocky river banks on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Wollemi NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF or anywhere within the defined rectangle. Notes: Most ofMFD is outside the known range and suitable habitats in Comleroy SF, the nearest to the known area ofoccurrence, are ofvery limited extent.

Lissanthe sapida 3RCa Distribution: Culoul Range and Blackheath to Bargo; endemic in central eastern New South Wales. Habitat: Woodland and dry sclerophyll forest, rocky sandstone ridges and hillsides on sandy soil. Occurrence in reserves: Blue Mountains NP, Wollemi NP, Dharug NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF, nearest are Colo River west ofColo Heights. Notes: As SFs ofMFD are just outside the known range, occurrence is unlikely.

Lomandra brevis 2RC- Distribution: Endemic to the Sydney region. Habitat: Dry sclerophyll forest on sandstone-derived soils. Occurrence in reserves: Kuringai Chase NP, Muogamarra NP, Royal NP, Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: Widespread but sporadic throughout the area, although often locally common. It occurs mostly in heath woodland and low forest, although occasionally on stony slopes in grassy forest. Response to disturbance: The tussock growth habit with underground rootstocks and stems protected by persistent leaf sheaths would confer a high degree of resilience to both fire and other damage. More common lomandras such as L. Iongifolia regenerate freely in disturbed areas, but the extent to which this is a generic trait is uncertain.

Melaleuca deanei 3RC­ Distribution: Berowra to Nowra. Habitat: Wet heath on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Brisbane Water NP, Kuringai Chase NP, Garigal NP, Heathcote NP, Royal NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF. The only ROTAP database records'nearby are from St Albans. Notes: Most ofMFD is outside the known range ofthis species and its occurrence is very unlikely.

Persoonia hirsuta 3KCi Distribution: Gosford and Putty to Blue Mountains and Royal NP. Habitat: Woodland and dry sclerophyll forest on sandstone. Occurrence in reserves: Blue Mountains NP, Wollemi NP, Dharug NP, Kuringai Chase NP, Marramarra NP, Royal NP, Sydney Harbour NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF and none in ROTAP database within defined rectangle.

Platysace clelandii 2RCa Distribution: Glen Davis to Berowra. Habitat: Among sandstone boulders in dry sclerophyll forest. Occurrence in reserves: Parr SRA, Wollemi NP, Yengo NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records from SF. All nearby records are from the southern section of Wollemi NP near Colo Heights.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 47 Prostanthera cineolifera 2K Distribution: Generally eastern New South Wales, but distribution uncertain due to uncertain taxonomic status and relationship withP. ovalifolia andP. lanceolata. Habitat: Sclerophyll forest. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be reserved. Occurrence in survey area: There is a single ROTAP database record from Mogo Creek, St Albans.

Prostanthera species G 2V (as P. species 6) Distribution: Endemic in Gosford area, in Strickland SF and private property in the Ourimbah-Narara area. Habitat: Mostly in sclerophyll forest near rainforest. Occurrence in reserves: Not known to be formally reserved, but it is fairly common in a private reserve at Askania Park, near Gosford. Occurrence in survey area: Locally common in Strickland SF, usually at rainforest margins and often in disturbed areas along tracks. Notes: Populations on private property are endangered by urban development, and Strickland SF is an important refuge for this species.

Rhizanthella slateri 3KC- Distribution: Blue Mountains and coastal areas between Bulahdelah and Dharug NP; also one collection from south-eastern Queensland. Collections are accidental and the distribution is uncertain. Habitat: Poorly known, broadly sclerophyll forest on loarns. The species is associated with Melaleuca spp. in the Bulahdelah area. Occurrence in reserves: Lamington NP, Dharug NP. Occurrence in survey area: No records, but could potentially occur anywhere in MFD.

Typhonium eliosurum 3RC- Distribution: Wyong to Nowra and disjunct record for Bulahdelah. Habitat: Rainforest margins and along creek banks. Occurrence in reserves: ?Dorrigo NP (probably in error, as this is beyond the known distribution), RoyalNP. Occurrence in survey area: No records. A species of Typhonium was recorded during current survey from Putty SF, but without flowers. This is most likely the more common T. brownii, but could possibly be T. eliosurum.

An additional taxon ofsignificance is a form ofEucalyptus eugenloides, which occurs as very localized stands in the Bees Nest Ridge area of Pokolbin SF and on adjacent private land. Although with very distinct morphological characteristics (especially very strongly exserted, narrow valves) its taxonomic status is uncertain. It may simply represent an extreme local form ofE. eugenioides (L. Johnson, pers. comm.).

In addition to the species listed above, the following species occur in the Hornsby area but have not been recorded further north. Since broadly similar habitats exist in the southern part ofMFD, there is a remote possibility that some ofthese occur in the area.

Boroniilfraseri Boronia serrulata Caladenia curtisepala Darwinia peduncularis Genoplesium baueri Genoplesium citriodorum Lasiopetalum joyceae Platysace stephensonii Rulingia hermanniifolia Tetratheca neglecta

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 48 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 2. CONSERVATION STATUS OFPLANT COMMUNITIES

Benson (1989) has made a preliminary assessment of reservation status of plant communities in New South Wales. Although this assessment is very subjective and made on the basis of very little site­ specific data for the existing reserve system statewide, it does give some indication of conservation status of MFD plant communities in the broader context. Bell et al. (1993) have described floristic communities of the Yengo NP complex., derived using a similar numerical classification as the present survey results. From the joint floristic classification, it is clear that the communities which occur extensively in Putty and much ofPokolbin SFs (MORf 1,2,3, 14 and 21) are similar to those recorded in the Yengo reserve system, and only two ofthe plots in Putty SF (plots PUT006 and PUT008) were not classified with a Yengo community. These two plots belong to a riparian rainforest community dominated by Doryphora sassafras. The strong degree ofoverall floristic similarity between Putty and Pokolbin SFs and the Yengo reserve system in not unexpected since broadly similar habitats occur in these areas. MORfcommunities which occur extensively in the Watagan group offorests tend not to be similar to Yengo communities.

Conservation status of MORov forest overstorey communities is summarized in Table 4. Using the assessment of Benson (1989), comparisons of overstorey composition with descriptions of Yengo communities (Bell et al. 1993) and results of joint analysis of MFD survey plots and Yengo plots, comments on conservation status ofMORov communities or groups ofcommunities follow.

MORov 7 E. pilularis Some stands dominated by this species are included in Bell's extensive unit 1, and these communities would be expected to be moderately extensive in the southern section of the Yengo reserve system. Some stands in Morisset MA have been selectively logged at low intensity over 40 years ago. These are restricted to riparian and lower slope habitats which are mostly inaccessible to further logging under current environmental codes of practice. Currently accessible stands are regrowth stands which have been logged repeatedly.

MORov group 8 E. acmenoides There is no record of E. acmenoides from the Yengo reserve system, and this group of communities is recorded only from the forests in the east of MFD (Olney, Watagan, Ourimbah). Although similar communities occur in the more coastal reserves, such as Brisbane Water NP, it appears that MORov group 8 communities are not well represented in reserves in the general area.

MORov group 9 This group is characterized by E. saligna, E. deanei and Syncarpia glomulifera, and is clearly related to adequately reserved associations described by Benson (1989). They are included in vegetation units 3a and 3b of Bell et al. (1993). Although these units occupy only small proportions of the Yengo reserve system (1.1 % in total), the reserved areas represent a relatively large proportion of the total extent of this vegetation and the units were not noted to be of particular conservation significance by Bell et al (1993). Communities in these groups typically occupy riparian or lower slope habitats in MFD, often below clifflines. By current practice, a large proportion would be inaccessible to logging, even though most stands had been selectively logged prior to 1960 with less stringeQ.t codes of practice than exist currently. In many stands currently dominated by S. glomulifera, the relative abundance of this species has probably been increased by selective removal ofother associated species.

MORov group 10 E. maculata This group is regarded as inadequately reserved. E. maculata is not recorded from the Yengo reserve system. MORov group 10 occurs most extensively in the northern and eastern parts of MFD. All accessible stands have been logged and have few or no old growth characteristics. Stands in the Aberdare-Cessnock group offorests in the lower Hunter valley have been logged for mining timber over many decades and consist largely ofsmall diameter trees.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOurH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOurH WALES 49 MORov 11 E. microcorys .This is represented by only two plots of diverse composition and appears to be an artificial or transitional community related to MORov group 8 and MORov group 10. Its conservation status is not separately assessed.

MORov group 12 E. agglomerata The equivalent Benson association is assessed as inadequately reserved. Some stands which appear to belong to this community group were sampled by Bell et al. and classified in vegetation unit 1, but group 12 communities are expected to be of relatively limited distribution in the Yengo NP system. MORov 12.1 is floristically similar to Yengo community 4a and similar communities are adequately reserved in that system.

MORov 13 E. fibrosa Although this community may represent local variations within a broader E. maculata-dominated group, it is floristically related to Yengo community 4a which is well-reserved in the Yengo system.

MORov groups 14, 15, 16, 17 E. punctata-E. sparsifolia complex These dry forest communities form an intergrading and often complex mosaic on slopes. They are collectively of relatively low commercial value and under current· harvesting procedures only a low proportion of the overstorey is removed. Although individual communities in these groups are sometimes difficult to relate clearly to associations defined by Benson (1989), this is most likely because the complex nature of their occurrence has necessitated very broadly-defined associations. They appear to be most similar to the adequately reserved E. punctata association which is defined as including E. sparsifolia, E. oblonga and other species as associates. Because they occur in MFD'in habitats which are similar to those of Wollemi and Yengo NPs, it is reasonable to assume that these communities are well represented in those National Parks, and the results of the joint floristic classification strongly support that contention. On the basis of overstorey composition, these MORov groups are included mostly in Bell's units 2a and to some extent in 4a and 4b. Floristically, a high proportion ofplots was classified with unit 4a. Unit 2a occupies 34% ofthe Yengo reserve system and is regarded by Bell et al. as well reserved. Unit 4a is also considered well reserved.

MORov groups 18, 19,20,21 Angophora costata-E. gummifera-E. piperita complex The communities in this group are mostly clearly related to adequately reserved Benson (1989) associations. Ov~rstorey species in this group are shared with units 1 and 2a described by Bell et al. (1993), and it is reasonable to assume that the communities in this group are mostly included within those units, which are well reserved and together QCcuPY over 70% ofthe Yengo reserve system. There are several less extensive communities in this complex which are potentially of significance. Plot OLN012 ofMORov 18.3 may represent a significant variant due to the presence ofE. sieberi, a species of restricted extent in MFD which is absent from the Yengo reserve system. MORov 18.4 appears to represent an unusual association and may be significant. MORov 18.5 in which E. cypellocarpa is prominent was noted to occur in Wollemi NP along the western boundary with Putty SF, but its extent in the former is unknown and this community may be poorly represented in the reserve system. E. cypellocarpa is apparently absent from the Yengo NP system (Bell et al.. 1993). MORov 20.2 may also be of significance because it is not clearly equivalent to any single Benson association and E. umbra is not recorded for the Yengo system.

MOR~23Ang~horoba~ri This is included in Bell unit 2a, which is well reserved in Yengo NP.

MORov 24 E. fastigata Although E. fastigata generally is well reserved, the occurrence ofthis community in MFD is regarded as being of conservation significance by virtue of its isolation and restricted extent. The only known stand is included in the existing Warrawolong FR.

MORov 25 Acacia bulgaensis This community is well reserved in the Yengo reserve system.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 50 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 3. IMPACT OFLOGGING

Although stands of various logging histories were sampled, it is difficult to assess logging impact, mainly because there are no detailed pre-Iogging data available, and substantial differences may exist between areas of different logging history, independent of logging effects. Present differences in vegetation may be related more to site factors other than logging history.

The flora survey was not able to provide details of logging impact on vegetation at particular sites, because ofthe absence ofpre-Iogging vegetation data at logged sites. It did provide a broad indication of possible logging impact in the context of spatial variability in vegetation of unlogged sites. At the community level, as shown by the ordination diagrams, the floristic compostion of several major floristic groups does tend to vary slightly in association with logging history. As discussed previously, this cannot be unequivocally attributed to a logging impact because of the confounding influence of other environmental factors. Ifit does represent a logging impact, it cannot be readily attributed to any particular suite ofspecies and is probably a result ofmore subtle shifts in relative composition.

The data suggest that there is no decrease in floristic richness associated with more recent logging at a plot scale, at least within a broad vegetation group, and in some groups there is an increase. The major concern is that some less frequent species, which contribute little to floristic patterns and for which relationships with logging cannot be assessed due to low number of records, may be adversely affected by repeated logging on a cycle of several decades or less. A major research effort, involving detailed monitoring, will be necessary to determine response to logging for most species, especially those which are less frequent. Further survey of reserves and areas which will otherwise remain unlogged will be necessary to determine the broader significance of any adverse logging impact. In the absence of this information, it is important to ensure that representative samples at the later stages of post-logging development, of the range of communities which may not be well represented in the existing reserve system, are maintained in flora conservation priority areas or reserves.

4. IMPACT OFFIRE

Fire history is clearly one of the most important factors in determing broad floristic and structural patterns of vegetation in the area. On Narrabeen sediments, there is a strong dichotomy between recently (and probably regularly) burnt areas which support grassy forest with usually scattered shrubs, and less recently burnt areas which support wet sclerophyll forest. The more subtle impacts of fire regime within these broad types is not clear from the data. The potential for elimination of species which are obligate seeders, as a result offire frequency which too high, is well known. Low intensity fires in late winter and early spring are currently typical of prescribed burning activities. Burning in these seasons may disadvantage seasonal geophytes which flower and fruit in spring to early summer and remain dormant over most of the summer. The possible impact of fire on particular species of significance is discussed above under individual species. For most species, much more information on response to fire is required to allow positive fire management for flora conservation.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SmITH WALES 51 5. WEEDS

Weeds (naturalized species exotic to the area) comprise a relatively small proportion ofthe total flora in survey plots (less than 4%) and mostly less than 5% of the flora of individual plots (Table 3 above). Weeds are notably absent from the Dry Heath Woodland group of communities, probably partly because ofthe generally low level ofprevious soil disturbance in these communities and partly because most weeds appear to have a lower competitive advantage on the shallow, sandy and probably low­ nutrient soils on which these communities occur. The most frequently occurring weeds are Hypochoeris radicata, Senecio madagascanensis and Sigesbeckia orientalis, all members ofthe Asteraceae, which occur in 24%, 19% and 23% of plots respectively. Other species are infrequent and uncommon. Although widespread and frequent, H. radicata and S. madagascariensis usually occur at low abundance (cover less than 5% in individual plots) and probably do not pose any serious long term threat to the native flora ofthe area. S. orientalis is sometimes locally abundant but is short-lived and persists abundantly only where there is regular disturbance (e.g. frequent low intensity fire in sheltered habitats). Lantana camara is the most serious weed in the area. Even though recorded in relatively few plots, it is locally abundant in sheltered sites in Watagan and Olney SFs, and in the absence of appropriate control measures or specific management, may cause long term declines in some native species which occur in similar habitats.

FLORA SURVEY. MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 52 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

From a forest management perspective, the major issue in relation to flora conservation is logging, because of the potential commercial impact of modification of logging to meet flora conservation objectives. Logging clearly changes vegetation structure and has some impact on floristic composition. Very little is actually known ofthe response to logging for the vast majority ofplant species. Evidence from the subject survey and other recent surveys suggests that most of the more widespread and common species are unaffected, although a few may reduced in abundance, at least temporarily, and there is potentially a suite ofless common species which may be adversely affected. Although results of the present survey suggest only a weak logging impact on floristic composition, the lack of detailed knowledge, particularly for less frequent species, means that appropriate reservation of representative areas of communities in as little-disturbed state as possible is the major strategy currently practical to ensure maintenance offloristic biodiversity and other flora conservation values. As a general principle this is clearly a desirable and well accepted precautionary strategy.

2. SIGNIFICANT SPECIES

As a general principle it is desirable that most or all of known populations of significant species be included in flora conservation priority areas, although each species is considered by its particular characteristics. For species recorded from SF, reserves for flora conservation referred to below are shown on the PMP map of the proposed flora reservation system developed for the Morisset Forestry District Environmental Impact Statement proposal (labelled in the EIS as Figure 3.4). The map is included as an appendix. PMP categories 1.3 and 1.1.7 include proposed and existing reserves.

The following species are known only from restricted localities near MFD, or their known range only just overlaps, or is beyond, the general boundaries of MFD. Although broadly similar habitats exist in MFD, there is only a very low probability that any of these species occur in SF. If populations are found they should be reserved, but due to the low probability of occurrence, specific survey is not considered justified.

Asterolasia elegans 2ECi Darwinia biflora 2VCa Grevillea shiressii 2VCit Homoranthus darwinioides 3VCa Kunzea rupestris 2VCi Micromyrtus blakelyi 2VCi Olearia cordata 2VCi Pomaderris brunnea 2VC­ AcaciajUlva 2RC Acacia pubescens 2VCa Atkinsonia ligustrina 2RCa Bertya brownii 2RC- Boroniafraseri 2RCa Darwinia glaucophylla 2RCi Darwinia procera 2RCa Leptospermum spectabile 2RC­ Lissanthe sapida 3RCa Melaleuca deanei 3RC­ Persoonia hirsufa 3KCi Platysace clelandii 2RCa

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW soum WALES 53 Specific comments on remaining species follow.

(a) Species listed under Federal Endangered Species Protection Act

Acacia bynoeana 3VC- Pre-Iogging surveys should be carried out only in forests with heath understorey, in McPherson, Olneyand Ourimbah SFs, preferably in summer. Any populations found should be reserved from logging and monitored. A mosaic fire regime, with patches burnt at 8-12 year intervals protected by more frequently burnt perimeters, is suggested.

Bothriochloa biloba 3V This species is most likely to occur in grassland or grassy woodland. Logging is unlikely to be a threat, and it is probable that the species has declined because ofpast clearing and conversion of its favoured habitats to crops or improved pasture. It should be tolerant of a range of fire regimes because of rapid development from seed and short generation times. Due to low likelihood of occurrence in SF, low degree of threat from forest management activities and superficial similarities to more common grassland species of Bothriochloa, it is suggested that pre-Iogging surveys for this species are not necessary.

Caladenia tesselata 3V Survey in Sept-Nov, within 5 km ofknown localities. The only record from the vicinity ofMFD is from Wyong. Regular winter or spring fires are likely to be detrimental in the medium to long term, and summer or early autumn fires, during the main dormant period of December to March, are suggested as most appropriate.

Cryptostylis hunteriana 3VC- A saprophytic species in active growth during November to March. This species should not be directly adversely affected by the usual winter-spring fires, but it seems to have a habit of appearing irregularly even in known locations and is probably sensitive to more subtle and unknown habitat features. Due to poorly known habitat requirements and irregular appearance, specific surveys are unlikely to be particularly effective and knowledge ofthis species will depend largely on incidental sightings.

Eucalyptus camjieldii 2VCi Potentially suitable habitat is of very restricted occurrence in SF and will not be affected by logging. Due to low probability of occurrence and neglible management impact, specific survey is not considered necessary.

Eucalyptus glaucina 3VCa Probably mostly in areas now cleared for agriculture and suitable habitats in SF are expected to be very limited. Surveys should only be carried out in areas of deeper soils in valleys of larger streams, within 5 km ofknown localities.

Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens 2V Probably mostly in areas now cleared for agriculture and suitable habitats in SF are expected to be limited. Any occurrence is likely to be in areas reserved as riparian strips by management prescription and/or of low commercial timber volume. As a precaution, surveys should be carried out in areas of woodland on sandy flats along larger streams, within 5 km of known localities, where such areas are proposed for logging.

Eucalyptus pumila 2VCi Most of the known population is within the existing Pokolbin FR. Any additional occurrences found in SF should also be formally reserved, but as the only known habitat is both physically difficult of logging access and of no commercial timber value, additional specific survey is not considered necessary.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 54 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 Kennedia retrorsa 2VCa Pre-logging surveys should be carried out in moist forests ofE. saligna or E. deanei in Putty and Comleroy SFs, in spring. Non-flowering plants may be confused with the abundant K. rubicunda.

Melaleuca groveana 3RC- This species is mostly associated with rock outcrops in SF and is well represented in existing and proposed reserves, including Yengo NP. The species is far more widespread and abundant than previously thought and the Federal "vulnerable" classification is inappropriate. Additional survey and protection measures are not necessary. The densest known stands in SF are wholly within a proposed flora conservation management area in the northern part ofCorrabare SF.

Persicaria elatior 3V This species is largely restricted to swamp edges and any occurrence in SF is unlikely to be affected by logging. Pre-logging surveys should be carried out on swamp margins where such habitats exist.

Pterostylis gibbosa 2E Ifthis species does occur in the area, it is most likely to be on the northern slopes ofPokolbin SF which are excluded from active management.

Syzygium paniculatum 3VCi Any occurrence in SF is likely to be limited and restricted to rainforest along larger creeks. As such areas are reserved by management prescription, specific survey is considered unnecessary.

Tetratheca glandulosa 2VC- All known populations in SF are within a proposed flora conservation management area in the south-eastern part of McPherson SF. This species favours forest communities which are of neglible commercial value and most populations will not be affected by logging in the general area. Restrictions on logging in the general area of occurrence is not considered necessary but, until more information on the species ecology is available from monitoring results, logging should be excluded from the actual sites of known populations within this area. Although the fire interval ofat least 10 years suggested by Maryott-:Brown and Wilks (1993) seems unnecessarily conservative, and may even be detrimental, it would be advisable to maintain a mosaic of fire frequencies so that part of the population is burnt at this interval and part more frequently. Population changes should be monitored to determine the most appropriate long term regime.

Tetratheca juncea 3VCa All known populations in SF are within a proposed flora conservation area in the south-eastern part of Heaton SF and north-eastern part of Awaba SF. As for T. glandulosa, until more information on the species ecology is available from monitoring results, logging should be excluded from known stands within this area, but not necessarily from the area otherwise. It has been suggested (Payne 1993) that specific fire management regimes may be necessary which are aimed at managing the density of the associated understorey vegetation. This implies a higher frequency than suggested for T. glandulosa. Although five fires in nine years is too frequent, an interval offour to eight years might be appropriate. Monitoring will be required to determine the most appropriate regime but, in the meantime, a mosaic of varying fire frequencies would be desirable.

Velleia perfoliata 2VC- Suitable habitat is of limited extent and is not affected by logging. No specific survey is considered necessary.

(b) Other nationally significant species

Acacia bulgaensis 2RCa This species is well reserved in Yengo NP. Known habitat is not affected by logging. No additional measures are considered necessary.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 55 Acacia terminalis 'Kulnura fonn' 2RC This species occurs in dry heath woodland of zero to neglible commercial value. As it is also fonnally reserved in the Yengo system, no additional measures are considered necessary.

Brasenia schreberi 3RC-+ Known habitat does not occur naturally in MFD and is not affected by logging.

Callistemon shiressii 3RC- This species occurs sporadically in wet sclerophyll forest. If any high density populations are dicovered they should be reserved from logging. Most individuals encountered during recent survey were in habitats excluded from logging by topographic barriers, and some populations are included in areas reserved for other purposes. No additional measures are considered necessary under current logging prescriptions.

Dillwynia tenuiJolia 2RCa Any occurrence in SF is likely to be in areas of Pokolbin SF already reserved by management prescription.

Eucalyptusjergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis This species appears to be fairly common in the northern part of Yengo NP. Logging is very unlikely to be a threat to this species. However, as a precaution, any stands in which it is dominant should be excluded from logging, and logged stands should be monitored to ensure that adequate regeneration ofthis species occurs, relative to competition from other eucalypt species.

Eucalyptus jergusonii subsp.jergusonii The major threat to this species appears to be genetic swamping by E. paniculata (Johnson and Hill 1990). Further logging ofstands in which it is present may exacerbate this trend. All stands in which the genetic integrity ofthis species is still apparent should be reserved. Known stands are included within reserves for the northern part ofWatagan SF.

Eucalyptus hypostomatica 3RC- Mostly occurs a scattered trees on steep slopes below mid-slope cliffs and will generally be unaffected by logging. Any stands in which the species is dominant should be reserved.

Eucalyptus michaeliana 3RCa As this species is adequately reserved and is most likely to occur in areas of low commercial value, no further measures are considered necessary.

Eucalyptus prominula 2KC- Most ofthe accessible area ofoccurrence ofthis species has been logged during the last decade. The best known.unlogged stands are included in a proposed reserve in the central section of Pokolbin SF. The species is regenerating freely from seed in recently logged areas and logging is not considered to pose a long tenn threat.

Gonocarpus salsoloides 3RCa Suitable habitats are very restricted in MFD and most likely to be in Strickland SF.

Grevillea oldei 2RC- Recorded only from Strickland SF where it is reserved by mangement prescription. If it occurs elsewhere it is most likely to be in heath forest of subject to negligible logging impact. No specific survey is considered necessary.

Lomandra brevis 2RC- Some large populations are included in proposed reserves in Olney SF and elsewhere. As the species occurs mostly in areas subject to neglible logging disturbance, and is expected to be resilient to disturbance, no further specific measures are considered necessary.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 56 CENTRAL REGION, NEW soum WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 Prostanthera species G 2V This species is recorded only from Strickland SF, where known populations are reserved from logging by management prescription. No further action is considered necessary.

Rhizanthella slateri 3KC- As this species exists entirely underground and its preferred habitats are essentially unknown in any detail, there is currently no practical method of systematic survey available. Field staff should be familiarized with its appearance in case it is accidentally unearthed during roading and logging.

Typhonium eliosurum 3RC- Likely habitats are excluded from logging in riparian protection zones. No further specific measures are considered ncessary.

3. RESERVAnONOFCOMMUNInES

As described above, appropriate reservation of representative communities in as little-disturbed state as possible is, as a general principle, a desirable and well accepted precautionary strategy. In practice, the extent of reservation is unavoidably a highly subjective issue. From a purely flora conservation perspective, more is generally better, but socially a compromise is obviously necessary to satisfy competing landuse requirements. Using arbitrary areal targets for reservation such as specifying a 10% minimum rule is appealing because it conveys the impression ofobjectivity and is simple to apply. It is currently a commonly accepted basis for assessing adequacy of reservation. However, such arbitrary targets, by themselves, lack any clear scientific basis, with no evidence that they are either sufficient or necessary. It is currently practical to make assessments only for overstorey communities, which are then used as surrogates for flora conservation generally. This strategy will succeed only to the extent that a relationship exists between overstorey and other components of the plant community. Where there is not a consistent relationship, more heterogeneous communities will be relatively under­ represented in reserves while homogeneous communities will be relatively over-represented.

In developing a proposal for a conservation strategy for Morisset MA, it is recognized that no substantial areas of previously unlogged forest ('old growth') exist within the area, except for areas inaccessible by current harvesting standards and for forest types of no commercial value. However, some areas, especially those oflow commercial timber value, have been subject to low intensity logging so that small patches (ofthe order ofhectares) have old growth characteristics.

Following from the assessment of conservation status discussed above under Section 2 of the Discussion, the following principles have been used in developing a vegetation community conservation strategy for MFD.

1. For communities which may be readily related to Benson (1989) associations assessed as adequately reserved, no additional conservation measures are proposed.

2. For communities which match associations assessed as not threatened, but inadequately reserved in at least part of their range, but which are readily related to communities defined by Bell et al. and regarded as being well reserved in the Yengo NP system, no additional conservation measures are proposed.

3. For communities assessed as not threatened but inadequately reserved, and which also appear to be poorly represented in, or absent from, Yengo or Wollemi NPs, any known areas which have been little-disturbed by logging are proposed to be reserved, up to 10% of the estimated extent of such communities in MFD. If insufficient or no such areas exist, a representative example of previously logged forest, representing approximately 10% of the estimated extent in the MA, is proposed to be managed primarily for flora conservation. In the short term, further logging would be excluded from these areas. In the longer term, management would be guided by results ofa planned flora monitoring program. Provided the results cOuld be demonstrated with sufficient confidence, this would not

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOlTfH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SmITH WALES 57 necessarily exclude timber harvest and may require only minor modification ofharvesting proposals. In some cases, it may require management designed to accelerate development of old growth characteristics as far as possible, through appropriate silvicultural and fire regimes. Such regimes may exclude further logging, or may require low intensity selective thinning.

4. All known and predicted occurrences of communities which match poorly reserved or vulnerable associations (Benson assessment categories NI or V), or those which do not match any association and which appear distinct and of potentially high significance, are proposed for reservation or management for flora conservation, as appropriate.

In the present study, the locations of proposed additional reserves and flora conservation areas have been chosen subjectively on the basis of survey plot data, more extensive observations made during the field survey, and in consultation with staff of Morisset Forestry District. Preference was given to the least disturbed examples of communities. The proposed flora conservation strategy clearly represents only one ofmany flora conservation options for the area. It could be regarded as a precautionary option in the context of the extent of likely logging impact on floristic composition as described above, but considering that response to logging ofthe relatively many infrequent species, and more subtle or long­ term impacts, are unknown. Ultimately, it is not possible to base reservation or other management decisions on purely biological considerations, and a socially acceptable solution will be necessary. Considering the potential deficiencies in the conservation strategy described above, a progressive, long­ term monitoring system needs to be implemented to allow the success ofthe conservation strategy to be continually assessed and management adjusted as necessary.

In general, from both the overstorey assessments and the joint floristic analysis with Yengo NP data described above, it is the more extensive communities in the east of the area which are less well represented in the existing reserve system. Specific comments are given below. The approximate locations of proposals for reserves or flora conservation areas are shown on the map of the proposed reserve system developed for the Morisset Environmental Impact Statement proposal referred to previously (EIS Figure 3.4) and included as an appendix.

The following communities or groups satisfy points I and 2 above and no additional flora conservation measures are proposed for these:

MORov 1 Choricarpia leptopetala MORov group 4 Ceratopetalum apetalum MORov 5 Angophorajloribunda-Backhousia myrtifolia MORov 6 Tristaniopsis laurina-Backhousia myrtifolia MORov 7 E. pilularis MORov group 9 E. saligna-Syncarpia glomulifera-E. deanei complex MORov 13 E. fibrosa MORov groups 14, 15, 16, 17 E. punctata-E. sparsifolia complex, except 15.1 MORov groups 18, 19 Angophora costata-E. piperita complex, except 18.3, 18.4 and 18.5 MORov 20.1 E. gummifera-A. costata MORov group 21 E. gummifera group MOR~23Angophoroba~ri MORov 25 Acacia bulgaensis

Comments on other communities or groups follow.

MORov 2 Melaleuca styphelioides Known stands are included in areas proposed for reservation in the eastern part ofHeaton SF.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOurH WALES 58 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOurH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S MORov 3 Citronella moorei-Planchonella australis Known unreserved stand proposed for reservation in Watagan SF.

MORov group 8 E. acmenoides This group of communities is recorded only from the .forests in the east of the MA (Olney, Watagan, Ourimbah). It broadly corresponds to areas mapped as Forest Type 60. There are approximately 13 400 ha ofthis type in MFD in the broad sense. It is proposed that 1 434 ha be included in reserves and flora conservation priority areas.

MORov group 10 E. maculata This group is regarded as inadequately reserved. It broadly corresponds to Forest Type 70, estimated in the broad sense to occupy approximately 9 700 ha in MFD. Approximately I 480 ha are included in proposed flora conservation areas distributed in the Cessnock-Aberdare group of forests, Olney­ Watagan group and Pokolbin SF.

MORov group 12 E. agglomerata The equivalent Benson association is assessed as inadequately reserved. Areas mapped as Forest Type 121 are broadly equivalent and occupy 3300 ha. Proposed reserves and flora conservation areas include 362 ha.

MORov 15.1 E. prominula-E. punctata Representative stands are included a proposed reserve in Pokolbin SF.

MORov 18.3 E. gummifera-E. piperita Stand containing E. sieberi are included in an area proposed for flora conservation management in Olney SF.

MORov 18.4 E. piperita-Angophorafloribunda Good stands are included in proposed reserves in Olney SF and Putty SF.

MORov 18.5 E. piperita-E. cypellocarpa Best known stands are included in an area proposed for reservation in Putty SF.

MORov 20.2 E. umbra-Angophora costata Representative samples are included in areas proposed for flora conservation management in Olney SF.

MORov 22 E. racemosa-E. crebra The only known stand is included in an area proposed for flora conservation management in Yango SF.

MORov 24 E. jastigata The only known stand is included in the existing Warrawolong FR.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUfH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTIi WALES 59 ACKNO WLEDGEMENTS

I am very grateful to Traecey Brassil for assistance with field work and data analysis and Tony Gp,rbellini and Alison Towerton for assistance with field work. I thank staff of the Morisset District and Central Regional Forestry Offices for their help. I also thank staff of the National Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, especially Gwen Harden, Ken Hill and Theresa James, for access to that collection and assistance with enquiries.

REFERENCES

Belbin, L. (1988). PATN Pattern Analysis Package Reference Manual. CSIRO Division ofWildlife and Rangelands Research.

Bell, S., Vollmer, J and Gellie, N. (1993). Yengo National Park and Parr State Recreation Area. Vegetation survey for use in fire management. NSW NPWS, Sydney. 110 pp.

Benson, J. (1989). Establishing priorities for the conservation of rare or threatened plants and plant associations in New South Wales. In The Conservation of Threatened Species and their Habitats. Australian Committee for mCN. Canberra.

Benson, J.S. and Fallding, H. (1981). Vegetation survey ofBrisbane Water National Park and environs. Cunninghamia 1(1), 79-113.

Binns, D. (1995). Urbenville Forestry Management Area Environmental Impact Statement flora survey. Urbenville Management Area EIS Supprting Document No. 6. State Forests of NSW Northern Region. 105 pp.

Borcard, D., Legendre, P. and Drapeau, P. (1992). Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology 73: 1045-1055.

Briggs, J.D. and Leigh, J.H. (1995). Rare or Threatened Australian Plants: 1995 revised edition. CSIRO Publications. Melbourne. (in press).

Floyd, A.G. (1990). Australian Rainforests in New South Wales. Volume 2. Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd. Sydney.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales (1984). Management Plan for Wyong Management Area. For. Cornrn. NSW. Sydney. 75 pp. + app.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales (1988). Management Plan for Cessnock Management Area. For. Cornrn. NSW. Sydney. 72 pp. + app.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales (1989). Forest Types in New South Wales. For. Comm. NSWResearch Note No. 17.

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 60 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOlITH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 Harden, GJ. (ed.) (1990). Flora ofNew South Wales. Volume 1. New South Wales University Press. Sydney. 601 pp.

Harden, GJ. (ed.) (1991). Flora ofNew South Wales. Volume 2. New South Wales University Press. Sydney. 574 pp.

Harden, GJ. (ed.) (1992). Flora ofNew South Wales. Volume 3. New South Wales University Press. Sydney. 717 pp.

Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1993). Flora ofNew South V/ales. Volume 4. New South Wales University Press. Sydney. 775 pp.

McIntyre, S. and Lavorel, S. (1994). How environmental and disturbance factors influence species composition in temperate Australian grasslan9s. Journal o/Vegetation Science 5: 373-384.

Maryott-Brown, K. and Wilks, D. (1993). Rare and endangered plants of Yengo National Park and adjacent areas. NSW NPWS. Sydney. 66 pp.

Palmer, M.W. (1993). Putting things in even better order: the advantages of canonical correspondence analysis. Ecology 74: 2215-2230.

Payne, RJ. (1991). New findings of the rare tree Syzygium paniculatum (Myrtaceae) in the Wyong area, New South Wales. Cunninghamia 2: 495-498.

Payne, RJ. (1993). Prediction of the habitat for Tetratheca juncea in the Munmorah area, near Wyong, New South Wales. Cunninghamia 3: 147-154. ter Braak, CJ.F. (1986). Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67: 1167-1179. ter Braak, CJ.F. (1987). The analysis of vegetation-environment relationships by canonical correspondence analysis. Vegetatio 69: 69-77.

Tindale, M.D., Kodela, P.G. and Davies, SJ. (1992). Two new species of Acacia section Juliflorae (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) allied to A. cheelii, from eastern New South Wales, Australia. Aust. Syst. Bot. 5: 645-655.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 61 APPENDIX 1

OCCURRENCE OF VASCULAR PLANTSPECIES BYBROAD FLORISTIC GROUP, LOGGING CATEGORYAND STATE FOREST

Species are listed alphabetically by family within classes, and nomenclature follows the National Herbarium of New South Wales. Frequency ofoccurrence is shown for each species, as a percentage ofthe total number of plots in each broad floristic group (indicated beneath the heading). There is an overall total of 146 plots. Floristic groups are derived from classification ofall species as indicated below and described in the te;xi.

species not recorded in that group. + species recorded in that group but not in a survey plot * naturalized species H specimen from MFD retained at State Forests herbarium, Research Division, West Pennant Hills

Broad Floristic Group: (refer to text) RF=Rainforest (MORov 1-6, plus plot WAT004) WS=Wet Sclerophyll Forest (MORov 6-12 / f 12-18) GM=Grassy Moist Forest (MORf6·11) GS=Grassy Sclerophyll Forest (MORf1-5) HW=Dry Heath Woodland (MORf19-21) NL=Northern Low Forest (MORf22) WH=Wet Heath (MORf23)

Logging category: Ll=logged <10yr L2=logged 10·30 yr L3=logged >30 yr, orunlogged U=unloggable (steep, non-commercial ornon-forest)

State Forests: A=Awaba, B=Aberdare, C=Corrabare, E=Cessnock, H=Heaton, K=Pokolbin, L=Comleroy, M=McPherson, O=Olney, P=Putty, R=Ourimbah, S=Strickland, T=Watagan, W=Wyong, Y=Yango

RF WSGM GSHW NLWH Lt 1.2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Class LYCOPSIDA LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium deuterodensum H 2 8 I 3 OR Lycopodium laterale H 2 .100 6M SELAGINELLACEAE Se/aginella uliginosa H 1 4 3 S

Class FILICOPSIDA ADIANTACEAE Adiantum aethiopicum 21 7 13 33 3 12 10 20 6 CHKMOPRTW Adiantum diaphanum H 1 7 3 0 Adiantumformosum 19 43 43 6 8 5 13 23 ACHKMORTY Adiantum hispidu/um 25 43 26 24 3 8 10 20 23 AHKLMOPRTY Adiantum silvaticum 5 21 9 1 13 ORST Cheilanthes distans 2 3 4 3 KP Cheilanthes sieberi 34 13 24 56 .100 32 20 26 13 BCEKOPRTWY ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium attenuatum 2 7 4 1 3 OR Asplenium australasicum 13 64 17 4 32 AKOPRST Aspleniumflabellifolium 17 36 17 14 3 16 19 CKLMOPRT Asplenium polyodon 2 7 4 1 3 KO ATHYRIACEAE Diplazium australe 1 7 3 0 BLECHNACEAE Blechnum cartilagineum 26 43 39 22 8 20 17 26 AHLMOPRST Blechnum nudum 3 14 4 10 LRT

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUfH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 63 .RF WS GM GSHW NLWH Lt 12 13 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Blechnum patersonii 3 21 10 OP Doodia aspera 47 71 70 41 3 24 35 31 39 ACHKLMOPRSTY Doodia caudata var. caudata 3 7 4 2 3 3 OR Doodia caudata var.laminosa H 1 4 1 R Doodia media subsp. media 1 4 1 Y CYATHEACEAE Cyathea australis 9 29 9 6 4 5 4 13 ALOPT Cyathea cooperi 1 7 3 0 Cyathea leichhardtiana 2 7 4 1 3RS DAVALLIACEAE Arthropteris tenella 5 36 16 KOT Davallia pyxidata 2 7 4 1 3 0 DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Dennstaedtia davallioides 1 4 1 y Histiopteris incisa 2 7 2 4 3 OP Hypolepis glandulifera 2 4 4 5 0 Hypolepis muelleri 5 7 4 6 16 3 HOR Pteridium esculentum 57 7 39 61 9 56 40 60 43 16 ACHKLMOPRSTY DICKSONIACEAE Calochlaena dubia 34 21 35 45 4 28 30 23 16 ACHLMOPRT Dicksonia antarctica 2 14 6 P DRYOPTERIDACEAE Lastreopsis acuminata H 4 29 13 KOP Lastreopsis decomposita H 22 57 48 6 8 5 13 32 CKLOPRST Lastreopsis microsora H 14 29 39 2 8 9 19 AKOPST Polystichum australiense H 23 57 52 6 4 15 13 32 ACHKMOPRST GLEICHENIACEAE Gleichenia dicarpa 3 2 .100 4 6 MO Sticherusflabellatus 4 14 4 2 4 10 LORT GRAMMITACEAE Grammitis billardieri 2 7 4 6 RT HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Hymenophyllum australe H 1 7 3 0 Hymenophyllum cupressiforme 17 64 26 4 10 31 ACKLMOPRT LINDSAEACEAE Lindsaea linearis H 12 2 44 8 5 6 16 LMORS Lindsaea microphylla 27 7 4 35 19 8 24 20 21 6 CHKLMOPRTW OPffiOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium australe 2 4 2 10 OS OSMUNDACEAE Todea barbara 2 14 6 LR POLYPODIACEAE Dictymia brownii 2 14 6 KO Microsorum diversifolium 1 7 3 0 Microsorum scandens 8 36 13 4 16 AKOPS Platycerium bifurcatum subsp. bifurcatum 8 14 9 8 6 13 KMORT Pyrrosia rupestris 27 79 39 14 4 5 14 48 ACHKOPRT PTERIDACEAE Pteris tremula 4 14 4 2 8 6 OT Pteris umbrosa . 1 7 3 P SCHIZAEACEAE Schizaea bifida 16 4 3 52 8 20 9 13 ACKLMOPRS

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 64 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Lt L2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

SINOPTERIDACEAE Pellaeafa/cala var. fa/cala 19 29 52 4 3 8 10 16 13 ACHKOPRSTY Pellaeafa/cala var. nana 12 64 13 4 29 ACKOPT Pellaeafa/cala xparadoxa 1 2 1 .0 Pellaea paradoxa. 12 21 22 8 13 10 HKORT THELYPTERIDACEAE Chrislella denlala i 7 3 H

Class CYCADOPSIDA ZAMIACEAE Macrozamia communis 6 8 3 4 12 5 3 HK Macrozamia spiralis H 11 7 4 2 25 12 10 4 10 BEKLO

ClassCON[FEROPSIDA CUPRESSACEAE Callitris endlicheri 1 3 1 K PINACEAE *Pinus pinasler H 1 4 3 S PODOCARPACEAE Podocarpus e/alus 1 7 3 0

Class MAGNOLIOPSIDA - MAGNOLIIDAE ACANTHACEAE Brunoniella australis 15 7 4 8 22 8 4 15 11 10 ABEHKLT Brunoniella pumi/io 12 12 3 20 4 10 11 3 ABHMOTW Pseuderanlhemum variabi/e 57 50 70 69 60 45 31 35 ACHKMORSTWY AMARANTHACEAE Deeringia amaranlhoides H 2 7 4 1 3 TY ANACARDIACEAE Euroschinusfa/cala var. fa/cala 5 7 17 5 3 6 CHKOT APIACEAE Actinolus helianlhi 6 13 8 6 6CKP Actinolus minor 5 20 3 10 MRS Cenlella asialica 4 4 6 8 5 1 PRT Daucus g/ochidialus 1 2 1 0 Hydrocoty/e ?acutiloba 10 7 9 10 6 8 20 4 3 HKPRSY Hydrocoty/e geraniijolia 3 7 4 3 3 HL Hydrocoty/e /axijo/ia 13 7 13 16 3 24 5 6 6 OT Hydrocoty/e peduncu/aris 11 7 9 14 3 20 15 3 3 BCKOPRT Hydrocoty/e triparlila 4 7 4 4 8 1 3 HOPT Hydrocoty/e spp. 13 13 18 3 8 15 10 3 CKLMOPRT P/atysace ericoides 14 4 28 12 8 10 10 10 BEKMPTY P/atysace /anceo/ala H 34 7 4 41 28 12 36 20 27 6 CHKLOPRT P/atysace linearijolia 18 4 3 60 8 10 14 13 CLMORS Xanlhosia alkinsoniana H 2 3 4 1 3 P Xanlhosia pi/osa 4 16 4 3 HLRS Xanlhosia tridenlala H 2 4 50 6M APOCYNACEAE Me/odinus australis 6 29 4 2 4 1 13 ORS Parsonsia brown;; 1 2 5 .0 Parsonsia species A H 8 36 4 4 3 19 KOP Parsonsia straminea 31 50 43 24 8 20 15 17 35 CHKORSTW Parsonsia ve/ulina 2 7 4 6 T

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES 65 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH L1 L2 1.3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

ARALIACEAE Astrotrichajloccosa H 1 3 1 C Astrotricha latifolia 41 14 35 59 3 4 56 25 24 16 CKLMOPRTWY Astrotricha longifolia 1 4 1 P Astrotricha obovata H 6 9 12 4 6 3 BKMP Cephalaralia cephalobotrys 6 29 9 1 16 KOPT Polyscias murrayi 2 4 8 OR Polyscias sambucifolia 46 21 22 57 25 8 48 55 26 16 ACHKLMOPRTY ASCLEPIADACEAE * Gomphocarpusjruticosus 1 2 4 0 Marsdenia jlavescens 5 7 13 2 5 4 3 COT Marsdenia rostrata 19 57 35 6 °4 5 10 32 CKOPRST Marsdenia suaveolens oH 12 7 4 8 9 8100 4 5 11 6 BEHKOPRY Tylophora barbata 1 4 1 P Tylophora paniculata 29 14 35 37 3 20 35 20 10 ACEHKLMORSTW ASTERACEAE *Ageratina adenophora 6 7 9 6 16 1 3 HOT *Bidens pilosa 3 9 4 3 K Brachycome multifida var. dilatata H 1 2 4 T Brachycome multifida var. multifida H 7 6 13 12 5 4 CK Brachycome spp. H 3 9 2 8 1 OPT Bracteantha bracteata 3 2 6 4 3 KO Calotis dentex 3 4 4 5 1 3 CKY Calotis lappulacea H 1 3 1 K Cassinia cunninghamii H 9 4 6 16 8 10 7 CKTY Cassinia longifolia H 3 4 3 4 3 PR Cassinia quinquejaria 5 4 9 12 1 3 K Cassinia trinerva 1 7 3 P Chrysocephalum apiculatum 5 2 13 8 5 3 BK * Cirsium vulgare 3 4 4 4 5 1 KO * Conyza albida 12 9 12 13 32 5 4 BKOPRY * Conyza bonariensis 1 2 5 K * Conyza spp. 7 7 4 2 13 20 1 3 CKO Glossogyne tannensis 1 3 1 K * Gnaphalium coarctatum 2 9 4 1 OP Gnaphalium gymnocephalum 23 7 9 20 31 28 15 17 3 BCEKOPTY Helichrysum elatum 7 4 8 6 20 5 1 KOT Helichrysum leucopsideum 2 2 3 10 K * Hypochoeris radicata 35 9 31 50 8 56 30 20 3 BCEHKLMOPRTY Lageniftra gracilis H 5 8 4 15 3 ACOT Lagenifera stipitata 39 7 4 41 44 12 52 25 27 6 BCEHKLMOPRTWY Olearia elliptica 4 2 6 .100 4 3 3 K Olearia nemstii 6 12 20 1 CKOR Olearia ramulosa H 1 3 1 K Olearia tomentosa 18 24 16 4 20 10 14 3 CHKOPRTW Ozothamnus diosmifolius 29 13 39 22 60 20 13 3 CKOPRSTWY Ozothamnus rujescens 8 17 8 8 5 4 60RT Picris angustifolia 2 7 2 1 3 0 Senecio amygdalifolius 2 4 3 HO Senecio bipinnatisectus 5 4 8 16 5 ORT Senecio biserratus 3 2 6 4 KO

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 66 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 RF WS GM GS HW NLWH LlL2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Senecio diaschides 2 6 4 1 BK Senecio linearifolius 10 4 18 12 10 7 HKMOT Senecio hispidu/us var. hispidulus 2 9 1 3 TY *Senecio madagascariensis 27 4 24 44 48 5 20 BCEHKORTWY Senecio minimus var. minimus 7 7 9 8 16 3 3 OP Senecio species E (aff. apargiaefolius) 4 6 3 8 3 HKO Senecio vagus subsp. eglandulosus H 6 7 8 3 10 3 6KP *Sigesbeckia orientalis 33 7 39 37 16 44 25 23 3 CHKLMOPRSTY *Sonchus oleraceus 2 4 5 1 0 * Tagetes minuta 1 4 1 P Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea 37 4 43 44 4 52 30 23 6 BCEHKlv10PRTWY Vittadinia cuneata var. cuneata H 3 2 6 4 3 K Vittadinia tenuissima H 3 2 6 4 5 3 KT Youngia japonica 1 7 3 H ATHEROSPERMATACEAE Doryphora sassafras 9 43 9 2 3 23 KOPRST BAUERACEAE Bauera rubioides 1 50 3M BIGNONIACEAE Pandorea pandorana 58 71 61 51 25 4 32 35 40 48 ACHKLMOPRSTWY BORAGINACEAE Austrocynoglossum latifolium 3 9 2 4 3 0 Cynoglossum australe 2 4 2 4 1 0 Ehretia acuminata var. acuminata 2 9 3 OY BRASSICACEAE *Lepidium africanum H 2 6 3 K Rorippa gigantea H 1 2 1 0 CACTACEAE * Opuntia stricta var. stricta 2 6 3 K CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche muelleri H 4 21 4 13 HKOT CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia communis H 3 6 8 1 COT Wahlenbergia stricta 6 10 3 4 10 4 KOT Wahlenbergia spp. H 15 9 10 25 32 5 9 BCKOPTY CAPPARIDACEAE Capparis arborea 1 7 3 T CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus australasica 1 7 3 P Sambucus gaudichaudiana 1 7 3 0 CARYOPHYLLACEAE Stellariaflaccida 11 36 22 2 4 7 16 CKOPY CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina littoralis 4 2 6 4 10 3 ACP Allocasuarina torulosa 72 14 48 82 53 8 72 65 53 13 ABCHKLMOPRSlWY CELASTRACEAE Cassine australis 6 21 4 4 4 5 1 10 CKOT Celastrus subspicatus 3 7 9 3 3 KT Maytenus silvestris 53 14 35 53 53 48 40 41 13 BCEHKMOPRSTWY CHENOPODIACEAE Einadia nutans subsp. nutans 1 . 100 3 K Einadia trigonos subsp. stellata H 1 .100 3 K

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 67 RF WS GM GSHW NLWH L1 L2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

CHLOANTHACEAE Ch/oanthes stoechadis H 3 6 4 4 COR Spartothamne//a juncea 1 3 1 K CONVOLVULACEAE Calystegia marginata 1 4 1 Y Dichondra repens 26 7 17 27 22 .100 20 35 17 6 BEHKOPRSWY Dichondra species A H 2 2 3 5 1 KT Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens H 1 . 100 3 K Polymeria calycina H 2 2 3 5 1 PR CRASSULACEAE Crassula sieberiana 7 8 9 9 3 KOY CUCURBITACEAE Zehneria cunninghamii 4 7 13 8 1 3 OY CUNONIACEAE Aphanopetalum resinosum 6 29 9 1 16 HKT Caldc/uvia paniculosa 1 7 3 R Callicoma serratijolia 10 36 9 6 4 5 1 23 LMOPRT Ceratopetalum apetalum 12 50 13 2 4 4 29 CKLOPRST Ceratopetalum gummiferum 8 4 8 3 8 10 9 LOPR Schizomeria ovata 14 14 22 14 16 5 7 13 CLORST DILLENIACEAE Hibbertia acicularis 1 4 3 P Hibbertia aspera 11 6 19 8 16 5 9 . BHKLORY Hibbertia bracteata H 5 20 5 3 6 MO Hibbertia cistijlora H 1 4 3 S Hibbertia cistoidea H 2 3 4 6 K Hibbertia dentata 43 48 65 60 40 24 10 ACHKLMORSTW Hibbertia difJusa 4 2 6 4 5 3 3 KST Hibbertia empetrijo/ja H 20 6 19 44 25 13 19 AHKMOPST Hibbertia linearis 15 6 22 20 12 10 11 6 ABEKMOPRT Hibbertiaobtusifolia H 20 6 38 20 8 5 21 6 CKLOPY Hibbertia saligna H 3 7 4 10 3 KP Hibbertia scandens 31 7 13 53 3 36 20 21 10 CHKMORT DROSERACEAE Drosera auriculata 10 2 3 32 10 9 6 AHKLM Drosera peltata H 1 50 3M Drosera spatulata 3 4 .100 10 M EBENACEAE Diospyros australis 20 43 48 6 8 5 16 19 ACHKORlWY ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus obovatus ·2 7 4 1 3 AT Elaeocarpus reticulatus 31 21 30 37 6 4 44 15 19 13 CKLMOPRSTW S/oanea austra/is 3 14 4 1 6 ORS ELATINACEAE E/atine grati%ides 1 4 4 0 EPACRIDACEAE Acrotriche aggregata H 12 18 6 4 16 10 9 COPRTW Acrotriche divaricata 4 4 6 4 5 3 K Brachyloma daphnoides H 4 16 1 10 LMPS Epacris obtusifolia 2 .100 6M Epacris pulcheJJa 11 2 40 4 5 6 16 LMORS Leucopogon ericoides 1 4 1 .L Leucopogon esquamatus H 2 8 6 S Leucopogonjuniperinus 10 18 3 16 15 4 . EORTW

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOurH WALES 68 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOurH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Lt 1.2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Leucopogon lanceolatus 24 29 31 28 20 19 CHKOPTY Leucopogon microphylius var. microphylius H 3 12 3 3 LS Leucopogon muticus H 11 4 2 9 24 4 10 10 CKLOPRS Leucopogon virgatus H 2 6 5 3 BE Lissanthe strigosa 8 22 4 12 5 4 3 BELY Melichrus procumbens 1 4 1 M Melichrus urceolatus 8 22 .100 5 6 10 BEKY Monotoca scoparia 13 6 44 15 7 16 ABHKLMOP Sprengelia incarnata H 1 50 3 M Styphelia laeta subsp. latifolia H 5 6 12 4 13 BEMS Trochocarpa laurina 39 36 57 43 40 30 21 26 ACHKLMOPRTW Woo//sia pungens H 2 8 1 3 CM ESCALLONIACEAE Polyosma cunninghamii 2 9 5 HS QUintinia sieberi 1 7 3 P EUPHORBIACEAE Amperea xiphoclada 10 6 3 24 8 10 7 3 CMOPR Baloghia inophylia 2 7 4 1 3 K Bertya oleifolia H 2 3 . 100 1 3 K Breynia oblongifo/ia 55 21 48 67 25 60 50 36 16 ABCHKLMOPRSTW Claoxylon australe 22 57 48 6 8 10 14 26 CHKMORSTY Croton verreauxii 5 21 9 3 10 ACHRT Glochidion ferdinandi 12 14 9 16 10 10 10 AHKLMORT Maliotus philippensis 1 7 3 T Micrantheum ericoides 1 4 3 M Omalanthus populijolius 3 14 2 1 6 KO Phy//anthus ?gasstroemii 5 7 9 4 10 3 3 KOPT Phy//anthus hirte//us H 37 4 6 50 68 12 20 31 26 ABCEHKLMOPSTY Phy//anthus similis 4 7 13 4 3 3 COpy Poranthera ericifolia 4 6 8 4 3 3 MOP Poranthera microphylia 32 9 53 9 4 48 35 19 CKLMOPRTY EUPOMATIACEAE Eupomatia laurina 21 50 48 6 8 10 11 29 ACHKMOPT FABACEAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE *Senna xfloribunda 1 7 3 H FABACEAE·FABOIDEAE Almaleea paludosa H 1 50 3 M Bossiaea buxifolia H 2 8 1 3 OSY Bossiaea ensata H 3 12 3 3 LMO Bossiaea heterophy//a H 11 40 50 4 6 19 LMOPRS Bossiaea obcordata 11 2 6 32 4 15 7 6 ABKMRST Bossiaea scolopendria H 1 4 3 S Bossiaea stephensonii H 4 16 5 3 3 MOR Daviesia acicularis 3 2 8 4 1 3 KMP Daviesia corymbosa 1 4 1 L Daviesia squarrosa H 5 6 12 5 6 AHKY Daviesia ulicifolia 25 14 44 16 20 30 20 ABHKMOPRTWY Desmodium brachypodum 4 6 3 5 4 HKOR Desmodium rhytidophyl/um 21 4 27 19 4 16 10 21 BCHKOPRTWY Desmodium varians 48 22 63 38 64 35 34 3 BCHKMOPRSTWY Dil/wynia acicularis H + + + K Di//wynia floribunda var. floribunda H 2 8 3 M

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 69 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH LlL2L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Dillwyniajloribunda vac. teretifolia H 4 12 50 3 6 LM Dillwyniajuniperina H 4 4 3 8 4 3 CHKL Dillwynia retorta H 7 28 4 5 4 6 ACOP Glycine clandestina H 35 17 41 28 8 44 40 20 6 ABCEHKLMOPRTY Glycine tabacina H 6 13 6 8 6 AOP Gompholobium glabratum 2 3 4 3 CL Gompholobium grandiflorum H 6 24 5 4 6 LMPR Gompholobium latifolium H 25 12 16 56 16 20 23 3 ACHKLMOPR Gompholobium minus H 2 6 4 1 B Gompholobium species B (aff. uncinatum) H 1 3 3 K Hardenbergia violacea 43 29 78 16 36 35 39 ABCHKMOPTY Hovea lanceolata 1 3 1 K Hovea linearis H 14 6 48 5 14 10 CKLMOPR Hovea longifolia H 2 2 3 3 P Indigofera australis H 15 12 28 24 10 10 BHKORY Jacksonia scoparia 21 4 10 44 4 16 5 21 3 BCHKMOPTY Kennedia rubicunda 34 13 51 19 44 30 23 3 HKMOPRTW Mirbelia rubiifolia 8 28 50 4 5 3 13 HKMOS Oxylobium aCiculiferum 4 8 4 4 OW Oxylobium ilicifolium 63 7 9 55 75 36 48 45 54 13 ABCHKLMOPRTWY Phyllota phylicoides 9 36 5 7 10 LMRS Pultenaea blakelyi H 1 2 1 M Pultenaea cunninghamii 3 9 4 5 1 BEK Pultenaea daphnoides 1 4 5 M Pultenaea echinula H 1 4 3 P Pultenaea elliptica H 6 20 50 1 16 LMS Pultenaea euchi/a H + Pultenaeajerruginea var. deanei H 2 8 3 LR Pultenaeajlexilis H 3 7 4 2 3 3 LP Pultenaea linophylla 1 4 4 0 Pultenaea paleacea H 2 8 10 A Pultenaea retusa 4 4 3 4 4 4 MOP Pultenaea rosmarinifolia H 5 20 4 6 HMS Pultenaea scabra H 6 4 13 9 PY Pultenaea villosa 2 3 4 4 1 BH Pultenaea aff. jlexilis H 1 4 5 M FABACEAE-MIMOSOIDEAE Acacia bulgaensis H 1 .100 3'K Acacia buxifolia subsp. buxifolia H 4 4 8 10 3 MR Acacia concurrens H 1 3 4 B Acacia echinula H 3 12 4 MP Acacia elata H 5 14 4 3 4 6 LMO Acaciafalcata H 1 3 1 P Acaciafilicifolia H 5 4 2 9 10 3 COKP Acaciafimbriata 1 3 5 E Acacia hispidula H 1 4 1 M Acacia implexa 4 13 6 K Acacia irrorata 17 ,14 17 14 13 24 15 7 10 CKOPRT Acacia leiocalyx 1 3 5 B Acacia linifolia 18 4 4 13 44 4 10 16 13 HKLMOPRS

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 70 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35

---_.- RFWSGM GSHW NLWH LlL2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Acacia longifolia 6 4 9 4 12 10 3 BCEMO Acacia maidenii 40 39 47 25 44 30 31 3 CHKMORSTWY Acacia matthewii H 1 2 3 K Acacia myrtifolia 3 12 10 1 AM Acacia obtusifolia 3 2 6 4 P Acacia oxycedrus H 2 8 1 3 MR. ,,.. Acacia parvipinnula H 21 4 12 44 36 10 10 BCKOPTY Acacia prominens H 16 7 26 16 .100 12 10 10 13 CKMORSW Acacia salicifonnis H 5 6 6 5 6 P Acacia schinoides H 31 21 30 43 36 35 13 19 CHMOPRTW Acacia suoveolens 15 3 52 50 4 11 19 ACLMOPS Acacia tenninalis H 6 6 16 4 5 3 6 KMOPRS Acacia ulicifolia H 16 6 13 36 12 5 12 13 ABCEHKLMOPR Acacia uncinata H 1 4 1 P FLACOURTIACEAE Scolopia braunii 2 7 4 1 3 0 GERANIACEAE Geranium homeanum H 5 7 13 2 8 3 3 OP Geranium potentilloides var. potentilloides 3 4 4 4 3 KMT Geranium solanderi var. solanderi 3 4 3 4 5 1 HK Pelargonium inodorum H 1 2 1 0 GOODENIACEAE Coopemookia barbata 2 3 4 1 3 P Dampiera strtcta H 15 2 52 50 8 15 7 16 ALMORS Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia H 4 16 1 10 LMS Goodenia decurrens H + + + P Goodenia heterophylla subsp. eglandulosa H 7 12 4 10 7 CHMOR Goodenia heterophylla 31 18 44 32 16 20 30 6 ACHKMOPTY Goodenia ovata H 18 13 16 22 24 20 10 3 CKMOPRT Goodenia paniculata H 3 4 .100 10 M Goodenia rotundifolia H 10 4 22 .100 8 10 7 3EKP Scaevola ramosissima 10 2 36 8 5 6 10 LMOR HALORAGACEAE Gonocarpus humilis 3 4 2 3 4 3 .OP Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. micranthus 2 .100 6M Gonocarpus tetragynus H 12 6 9 24 4 15 11 ABHKMT Gonocarpus teucrioides 35 4 41 41 . 100 44 20 24 10 CEKMOPRTY HYPERICACEAE Hypericum gramineum 14 10 22 8 20 5 11 BCKMO Hypericum japonicum 6 4 10 12 3 3 MOR ICACINACEAE Citronella moorei 3 7 9 3 3 OT LAMIACEAE Ajuga australis 2 2 3 3 . KO Hemigenia purpurea H 1 4 3 MS Plectranthus parviflorus 45 36 52 37 28 .100 40 20 33 26 ACHKLMOPTY Prostanthera incana H 4 4 6 4 4 CO Prostanthera incisa H 4 7 9 2 4 5 6 OT Prostanthera ovalifolia 3 7 2 3 4 6 KO

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOurH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOurH WALES 71 RFWSGM GSHW NL WH Ll 1.2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Prostanthera prunelloides H + + + P Prostanthera rhombea H 1 3 1 .K Prostanthera saxicola var. saxicola H + + +M Prostanthera sieberi 1 2 4 0 Teucrium corymbosum 1 2 4 0 LAURACEAE Cassytha glabella 10 2 9 20 50 10 7 10 EHKLMRS Cassytha pubescens H 12 14 13 10 3 4 4 15 7 10 ACELOPRSTY * Cinnamomum camphora 1 4 1 R Cryptocarya glaucescens 14 36 22 8 8 10 3 26 OPRST Cryptocarya microneura 29 29 70 18 32 25 13 23 ACHKORSTW Cryptocarya rigida 21 43 22 20 20 11 13 AHOT Endiandra discolor H 1 4 1 S Endiandra muelleri subsp. muelleri H 1 4 1 0 Litsea reticulata 1 4 1 S Neolitsea dealbata 9 7 35 4 10 6 6 HOSTY LOBELIACEAE Isotoma axil/aris 1 .100 3 K Lobelia dentata H 1 4 1 M Lobelia trigonocaulis 4 14 9 4 10 COT Pratia pedunculata 2 2 3 4 1 0 Pratia purpurascens 60 7 39 65 50 4100 72 55 39 13 ABCHKM:OPRS1WY LOGANIACEAE Logania albiflora 4 14 4 2 3 6LP Logania pusil/a 1 4 3 0 Mitrasacme pilosa var. pilosa 2 8 5 3 M Mitrasacme polymorpha H 3 12 4 5 3 MO LORANTHACEAE Amyema congener subsp.congener 1 2 4 0 Amyema pendulum subsp. pendulum 2 4 4 1 R Dendrophthoe vitellina 5 4 3 8 4 6 CMOPW Muellerina celastroides H 5 7 4 4 4 10 3 3 CLPR Muellerina eucalyptoides H 7 10 6 8 10 4 HKO MALVACEAE Abutilon oxycarpum H 1 3 1 K Hibiscus heterophyllus 7 14 17 3 4 6 6 CKOT Howittia trilocularis 6 13 6 16 3 COR Sida corrugata H 1 3 1 K * Sida rhombi/olia 3 9 2 4 3 OPY Sida trichopoda H 1 3 1 K MELIACEAE Dysoxylum jraserianum 7 14 13 4 4 5 1 13 COT Dysoxylum rufum 1 4 1 S Synoum glandulosum 38 43 70 31 4 28 30 24 26 ACHKMORST Toona ciliata 1 4 4 0 MENISPERMACEAE Sarcopetalum harveyanum 31 43 61 22 24 20 19 26 CHKLMOPST Stephania japonica var. discolor 38 43 65 31 6 44 30 20 23 ACHKMORSTY

FLORA SURVEY, MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRlCT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUfH WALES 72 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 RF WS CM CS HW NL WH L1 L2 DU Species Frcq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Prostanthera prunelloides H + + + P Prostanthera rhombea H I 3 K Prostanthera saxicola var. saxicola H + + +M Prostanthera sieberi 2 4 0 Teucrium corymbosum 2 4 0 LAURACEAE Cassytha glabella lO 2 9 20 50 10 7 lO EHKLMRS Cassytha pubescens H 12 14 13 lO 3 4 4 15 7 10 ACELOPRSTY * Cinnamomum camphora 1 4 1 R Cryptocarya glaucescens 14 36 22 8 8 lO 3 26 OPRST Cryptocarya microneura 29 29 70 18 32 25 13 23 ACHKORSTW Cryptocarya rigida 21 43 22 20 20 11 13 AHOT Endiandra discolor H 1 4 1 S Endiandra muelleri subsp. muelleri H 1 4 1 0 Litsea reticulata 1 4 1 S Neolitsea dealbata 9 7 35 4 10 6 6 HOSTY LOBELIACEAE Isotoma axil/aris 1 .100 3 K Lobelia dentata H 1 4 M Lobelia trigonocaulis 4 14 9 4 10 COT Pratia pedunculata 2 2 3 4 1 0 Pratia purpurascens 60 7 39 65 50 4100 72 55 39 13 ABCHKMOPRS1WY LOGANIACEAE Logania albiflora 4 14 4 2 3 6 LP Logania pusil/a 1 4 3 0 lv/itrasacme pi/osa var. pilosa 2 8 5 3 M Mitrasacme polymorpha H 3 12 4 5 3 MO LORANTHACEAE Amyema congener subsp. congener 2 4 0 Amyema pendulum . subsp. penejulum 2. 4 4 1 R Dendrophthoe vitellina 5 4 3 8 4 6 CMOPW ¥uellerina ee/astroides H 5 7 4 4 4 lO 3 3 CLPR Muellerina euea/yptoides H 7 10 6 8 10 4 HKO MALVACEAE Abuti/on oxyearpum H 1 3 1 K Hibiscus heterophyllus 7 14 17 3 4 6 6 CKOT Howittia tri/oeularis 6 13 6 16 3 COR Sida eorrugata H 1 3 1 K *Sida rhombifolia 3 9 2 4 3 OPY Sida trieh.opoda H 1 3 1 K MELIACEAE Dysoxy/um fraserianum 7 14 13 4 4 5 1 13 COT Dysoxylum rufum 1 4 1 S Synoum g/andu/osul1l 38 43 70 31 4 28 30 24 26 ACHKMORST Toona ciliata 1 4 4 0 MENISPERMACEAE Sareopeta/um harveyanum 31 43 61 22 24 20 19 26 CHKLMOPST Stephaniajaponiea var. disc%r 38 -1-3 65 31 6 44 30 20 23 ACHK1-IORSTY

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 73 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Ll L2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Eucalyptus maculata 25 4 29 31 28 35 13 6 BEHKORTW Eucalyptus microcorys 7 4 12 12 6 OT EucaZvptus moluccana 5 4 13 4 6 BK Eucalyptus nubila 1 3 3 K Eucalyptus paniculata H 19 17 27 3 .100 16 15 16 3 ABHKORSTW Eucalyptus pilularis 23 7 13 35 4 50 20 25 16 6 LMORT Eucalyptus piperita 22 7 16 9 40 12 25 16 10 ACHLMOPRST Eucalyptus prominula H 13 4 4 28 4 16 5 11 CKPY Eucalyptus propinqua 1 2 1 0 Eucalyptus punctata 48 17 39 66 12100 36 30 44 6 ABCHKLMOPTY Eucalyptus racemosa H 6 2 9 8 10 4 3 KM Eucalyptus resinifera 4 4 2 8 10 3 . AOR Eucalyptus saligna 33 21 61 33 24 30 21 19 ACHKMOPRST Eucalyptus scias subsp. scias H 11 9 12 3 8 16 5 9 CKOR Eucalyptus siderophloia H 5 4 4 6 7 BCKO Eucalyptus sieberi 3 12 4 1 3 OR Eucalyptus signata 3 4 6 4 3 KY Eucalyptus sparsifolia H 19 2 38 20100 4 20 13 BKLOPRY Eucalyptus squamosa H 1 4 3 K Eucalyptus umbra 21 18 9 36 12 15 17 10 AHKORSTW Kunzea ambigua 1 2 1 R Kunzea capitata H 1 4 3 S Kunzea ericoides 1 .100 3 K Leptospermum arachnoides H + + +K Leptospermum juniperinum H 2 .100 6M Leptospermum parvifolium H 2 3 4 6 EK Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum H 5 20 6 6 ABM Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. polygalifolium H 4 7 6 4 5 1 OR Leptospennum trinervium H 26 4 13 84 4 20 20 23 ABCHKLMOPRS Jvfelaleuca groveana 3 4 3 4 4 MY Melaleuca linariifolia H 2 7 2 5 3 HR Melaleuca nodosa 4 13 4 10 3 BE Melaleuca sieberi 3 9 8 5 BE Melaleuca styphelioides H 7 7 13 2 6 4 10 4 3 ABEHKRY Melaleuca thymifolia 1 3 3 E Rhodamnia rubescens 31 7 70 29 24 20 23 16 ACHKMORST Rhodomyrtus psidioides 2 7 2 4 3 CH Syncarpia glomuliftra 79 36 83 71 31 40 60 60 57 39 ABCHKLMOPRSTW Syzygium australe 2 7 4 1 3 HS Tristaniopsis collina 9 17 8 4 10 6 LOPRT Tristaniopsis laurina 6 36 4 19 CKLOT NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia difJusa 1 3 1 K OCHNACEAE * Ochna serruJata 1 4 5 S OLEACEAE * Ligustrum sinense 1 4 5 S Notelaea longifolia 18 21 26 16 3 16 11 19 CKORTWY Notelaea ovata 1 4 1 P Notelaea venosa 21 29 30 16 6 16 15 13 16 CKLMOPRT

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 74 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Lt L2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

OXALIDACEAE Oxalis chnoodes 15 7 22 18 16 5 10 10 AMORT Oxalis spp. 16 7 4 14 22 24 15 9 3 BCHKLOPRY PASSIFLORACEAE *Passiflora edulis 3 7 4 8 3 HO Passiflora herbertiana 12 7 9 18 28 5 4 3 CKORT PEPEROMIACEAE Peperomia leptostachya 1 4 1 0 Peperomia tetraphylla 3 7 4 2 3 3 OR PHYTOLACCACEAE * Phytolacca octandra 2 7 4 3 OP PITTOSPORACEAE Billardiera scandens 59 7 13 55 63 32 44 55 50 6 ABCEHKLMOPRlWY Bursaria spinosa 17 4 18 22 16 20 11 3 BCEKOPRWY Citriobatus pauciflorus 28 57 65 10 20 15 13 35 CHKORST Hymenosporum jlavum 10 29 22 2 7 16 CHKLOTY Pittosporum revolutum 29 64 61 12 12 10 17 39 ACHKOPRSTY Pittosporum undulatum 13 29 17 10 8 10 6 16 CHKMOS PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago debilis 9 13 6 9 8 5 9 KMOPS POLYGALACEAE Comesperma ericinum H 5 2 3 12 5 6 HMP Comesperma volubile 5 8 4 5 6 MOPR POLYGONACEAE Muehlenbeckia rhyticarya H + + +K Rumex brownii 1 4 P PROTEACEAE Banksia ericifolia 1 4 3 S Banksia oblongifolia 6 16 .100 19 MS Banksia serrata 13 52 4 5 9 16 CLMORS Banksia spinulosa var. collina H 23 4 2 3 80 8 20 17 16 ABCHLMOPRS Conospermum longifolium H 8 32 5 6 10 LMS Grevillea buxifolia 7 28 5 4 10 LMS' Grevillea linearifolia H 2 6 4 5 B Grevillea montana H 4 13 4 5 1 3 BE Grevillea mucronulata H 4 4 6 4 6 PY Grevillea oldei H 2 8 6 S Grevillea sericea H 6 6 12 50 5 3 10 KMR Grevillea speciosa H 1 4 3 M Hakea bakeriana H 2 8 5 1 . AH Hakea dactyloides 10 4 36 4 7 13 LMORS Hakea gibbosa 2 8 6 S Hakea salicifolia 2 2 4 3 R Hakea sericea H 7 4 2 20 7 6 LMO Hakea teretifolia H 3 12 1 6 MRS Isopogon anemonifolius H 13 4 3 44 5 10 16 BHLMOPRS Lambertiaformosa 15 4 56 5 11 19 AHLMOPRS Lomatia myricoides H 4 14 9 4 10 LOT Lomatia si/aifolia 21 7 8 16 44 8 5 20 13 ACKLMOPRST Persoonia isophylla H 6 24 3 13 MORS Persoonia laurina subsp. laurina H + + +A Persoonia levis 21 3 80 4 20 19 10 ACHLMORS Persoonia linearis 86 7 22 84 81 48100 64 70 70 23 ABCEHKLMOPRSTWY Persoonia sericea 1 4 3 S

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 75 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Lt L2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Petrophile pulche/la H 7 28 4 6 6 MOR Stenocarpus salignus H 17 50 22 10 8 5 6 32 CKOPRST Xylomelum pyriforme 6 6 16 7 3 ACMP RANUNCULACEAE Clematis aristata 11 7 13 14 4 15 6 10 HOPRT Clematis glycinoides H 36 36 57 33 6 32 15 24 26 ACKMOPRSTY RHAMNACEAE Alphitonia excelsa 10 14 22 6 8 5 3 16 CKOSTY Cryptandra amara vaT. amara H + + +K Cryptandra buxifolia H 1 3 3 K Emmenosperma alphitonioides 1 7 3 P Pomaderris elliptica H 1 2 4 K Pomaderrisjerruginea H 10 14 14 3 16 4 10 CLMOPRY Pomaderris intermedia H 2 4 3 P Pomaderris lanigera 1 2 1 R Pomaderris ligustrina H 5 8 3 4 5 4 CHPW ROSACEAE Rubus hi/W 22 43 26 20 20 20 9 23 CHKOPRTW Rubusparvifolius 14 7 9 22 8 20 10 3 HMOPRT Rubus rosifolius 15 14 26 14 24 15 4 10 KOPRTY Rubus species A (aff. moorei) 9 29 17 2 5 4 16 OPST RUBIACEAE CantMum coprosmoides H 12 21 22 8 12 5 6 13 CHKLORSTW Coprosma quadrifida 1 2 4 K Galium binifolium 23 7 17 33 6 24 15 19 3 ACKMOPRY Galium ciliare 8 14 4 10 12 4 6 CHLMOT Galium gaudichaudii 1 2 5 K Galium propinquum 2 4 3 3 K Morinda jasminoides 45 93 74 31 32 25 23 52 ACHKMOPRSTWY Opercularia aspera H 15 12 25 4 20 15 10 ABHKMOP Opercularia diphyl/a 12 10 22 10 13 3 BCEHKOPTY Opercularia hispida 1 3 1 .K Opercularia varia H 3 2 8 15 . AMT Pomax umbel/ata 50 35 8124100 36 35 44 10BCKLMOPRTWY Psychotria loniceroides 47 29 74 53 44 35 30 26 ACHKLMORSTW *Richardia stel/aris H 1 3 4 B RUTACEAE Acronychia oblongifolia 8 14 22 2 4 10 4 6 CHKO Asterolosia correifolia H 11 22 12 16 10 4 6 LORTW Boronia anethifolia H 1 4 1 P Boronia ledifolia H 6 24 3 13 LMPRS Boronia mollis H + + + P Boronia parviflora H 2 .100 6M Boronia pinnata H 3 12 1 6 MOR * Citrus limonia 2 7 4 1 3 HY Correa rejIexa H 13 4 14 16 4 10 13 3 CEKORY Eriostemon buxifolius subsp. obovatus H 1 4 3 S Eriostemon hispidulus H 1 4 1 L Eriostemon myoporoides subsp. ,!,yoporoides H 2 2 3 3 P Geijera latifolia 1 3 1 K Melicope microc:occa 22 36 48 12 20 15 10 23 CHKORSTWY

FLORA SURVEY, MORlSSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 76 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH LlL2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Phebalium dentatum H 1 4 3 M Phebalium squameum H + + + 0 Phebalium squamulosum subsp. squamulosum H 3 7 4 2 1 6 KLP Phi/otheca salsolifolia H + + + C Sarcomelicope simplicifolia 1 7 3 T Zieria arborescens 4 4 6 8 1 3 COT Zieria cytisoides H + + +K Zieria furfuracea H 3 4 4 5 1 3 0 Zieria pi/osa H 2 2 4 3 OR Zieria smithii 7 14 4 8 8 5 3 6 CKOPY SANTALACEAE Choretrum candollei H 2 3 4 1 3 OP Exocarpos cupressiformis 2 2 . 100 5 3 KP Exocarpus strictus 21 20 31 4 16 25 16 3 CKOPT Leptomeria acida 4 16 4 30RS SAPINDACEAE Alectryon subcinereus 12 36 30 4 5 7 16 AHKOTY Diploglottis australis 5 21 9 160T Dodonaea megazyga 1 4 3 T Dodonaea mu/tijuga H 2 2 3 3 P Dodonaea triquetra 9 9 10 6 8 5 9 LOPRY Dodonaea truncatiales H 1 3 1 K Dodonaea viscosa subsp. cuneata H 1 3 1 K Guioa semiglauca 23 43 48 12 12 15 11 29 ACHKORSTW SAPOTACEAE Planchonella australis 5 36 16 CKOR SCROPHULARIACEAE Veronica plebeia 24 7 30 27 9 48 20 9 6 HKMOPRSTY SOLANACEAE Duboisia myoporoides 1 2 4 C *Physalis peruviana 2 4 3 0 Solanum aviculare 2 7 4 4 3 0 Solanum brownii 4 7 4 4 8 5 3 CO Solanum campanulatum H 3 4 .100 4 5 3 CKT *Solanum chenopodioides H 3 7 4 2 3 3 KOP *Solanum mauritianum 3 13 8 1 OY *Solanum nigrum 2 7 4 4 3 0 Solanum opacum 1 2 4 .0 Solanum prinophyllum 16 7 17 16 9 28 15 6 6 CKOPRSTY *Solanum pseudocapsicum 1 4 1 Y Solanum pungetium 6 4 10 8 5 4 MORT Solanum ste//igerum 20 7 31 9 .100 36 5 10 10 HKORTW STACKHOUSIACEAE Stackhousia monogyna 1 4 1 R Stackhousia viminea H 4 6 8 6 BMO STERCULIACEAE Brachychiton acerifolius 3 7 9 1 6 OT Brachychiton populneus 7 4 6 6 .100 5 7 3CHKO Commersonia fraseri 7 13 8 8 5 4 3 CORT Lasiopetalum ferrugineum var. cordatum 2 2 3 5 1 . KO

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 77 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH LlL2 13 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State'Forests

Lasiopetalumferrugineum var. ferrugineum H 2 4 4 1 OR Lasiopetalum macrophyllum 5 7 9 4 10 3 3 OPY Lasiopetalum parviflorum 1 4 1 L Rulingia dasyphylla 1 3 4 K Seringia arborescens 5 10 4 10 3 COR STYLIDIACEAE Stylidium laricifolium 3 2 6 4 CPY Stylidium productum 12 7 4 6 3 24 5 11 10 CLMOPR THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea latifolia subsp. elliptifoliaH 1 3 1 P Pimelea latifolia subsp. hirsuta H 11 9 14 6 16 10 7 CKOPT Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia 16 6 6 44 20 11 13 ALMPS TREMANDRACEAE Tetratheca ericifolia H 1 4 3 S Tetratheca glandulosa H 2 8 1 3 M Tetratheca juncea 3 12 5 3 · AH Tetratheca shiressii H 4 16 5 1 6M Tetratheca thymifolia H 6 2 6 12 10 6 ACKO ULMACEAE Trema aspera 7 9 10 20 3 CKOPTY URTICACEAE Urtica incisa 6 7 17 2 4 6 3 KOPY VERBENACEAE Clerodendrum tomentosum 21 36 22 20 3 20 10 10 23 ACHKLMORST Gmelina leichhardtif 2 7 4 1 3 OR *Lantana camara 5 7 13 2 4 5 3 3 HOS VIOLACEAE Hybanthus monopetalus H 14 12 22 4 8 5 14 3 CKMOPY Hybanthus stellarioides 1 3 4 B Hybanthus vernonii subsp. vernonii H 2 2 4 4 3 MT Viola betonicifolia 10 12 13 8 11 · HKOT Viola caleyana H 1 50 3 M Viola hederacea H 31 14 26 41 6 4 36 20 21 10 HKLMOPRTY Viola sieberiana H 3 6 12 OT VISCACEAE Notothixos subaureus H 1 4 1 L VITACEAE Cayratia clematidea 22 21 35 22 20 20 14 10 CKMOPSTY Cissus antarctica 25 50 52 12 20 10 13 29 ACHKMOTY Cissus hypoglauca 62 71 91 61 3 52 45 36 48 ACHKLMOPRS1WY Cissus opaca 1 3 1 K Tetrastigma nitens 7 21 13 2 6 10 AKOT WINTERACEAE Tasmannia insipida 9 43 13 1 26 OPRT Tasmannia stipitata 2 9 5 1 · ST

Class MAGNOLIOPSIDA • LILIIDAE ANTHERICACEAE Arthropodium millejlorum 19 14 20 21 16 15 14 6 KMORTY Laxmannia gracilis 4 13 8 5 1 B Thysanotus tuberosus 3 12 4 5 1 · AMO

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 78 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Lt 1.2 1.3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

ASTELIACEAE Cordyline stricta 17 21 30 14 8 15 9 19 ACHOT ARACEAE Gymnostachys anceps 38 57 74 27 24 25 23 35 ACHKMORST ARECACEAE Archontophoenix cunninghamiana 4 21 2 1 10 OR Livistona australis 10 7 17 10 8 10 7 3 AORS BLANDFORDIACEAE Blandfordia nobilis 1 50 3M COLCmCACEAE Burchardia umbel/ata 5 3 8 .100 4 3 6 BHM COMMELINACEAE Aneilema acuminatum H 9 29 22 4 6 13 KOPTY Aneilema biflorum H 2 14 6 CO Commelina cyanea 5 13 2 3 8 4 COPT Pollia crispata 2 14 6 CO CYPERACEAE Baumea rubiginosa H 2 .100 6M Carex appressa 2 4 2 8 0 Carex breviculmis 8 4 6 13 15 7 HKPRST Carex brunnea H 5 21 9 1 13 CHKT Carex declinata 6 13 6 8 10 3 KMORS Carex incomitata 2 7 4 6 CT Carex longebrachiata 4 4 6 8 5 1 RTWY Carex maculata H 1 7 3 H CaustisfJexuosa H 6 24 4 6 3 CLMOS Caustis recurvata H 2 8 6 PS Cyathochaeta diandra H 11 40 50 10 4 19 LMORS Cyperus enervis H 1 7 3 T Cyperus imbecillis H 2 4 2 3 MP Cyperus laevis H 9 13 8 6 12 10 6 KOPS Cyperus tetraphyl/us 9 36 17 6 16 CKOTY Gahnia aspera 8 4 8 6 .100 12 5 4 3 KORTW Gahnia clarkei H 2 2 4 3 MR Gahnia melanocarpa 35 65 41 48 30 21 6 ACHKMORSTW Gahnia microstachya H 1 3 1 P Gahnia sieberiana H 10 14 4 10 4 50 12 10 1 13 HLMORT Isolepis inundata 1 2 4 0 Lepidosperma elatius 6 7 13 4 4 3 10 CORT Lepidospermafiliforme H 2 8 1 3 OS Lepidospermaforsythii H 1 50 3M Lepidosperma laterale H 78 29 30 61 78 44100 64 50 59 35 ABCEHKLMOPRlWY Lepidosperma'lineare' 3 2 3 4 4 3 COP Ptilothrix deusta H 8 28 50 5 6 10 AHLMS Schoenusbrevifolius H 2 .100 6M Schoenus ericetorum H 2 3 4 6 K Schoenus imberbis H 5 20 3 10 LMPS Schoenus lepidosperma subsp. pachylepis H 1 4 3 S Schoenus maschalinus H 1 7 3 L Schoenus melanostachys 6 4 16 4 5 3 6 MORS Schoenus paludosus H 1 50 3 M Scleria mackaviensis 1 3 1 K Tetraria capi/laris 2 8 4 1 . OR

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORASURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 79 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH LlL2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea transversa 28 29 61 20 16 30 16 23 ACHORST DORYANTHACEAE Doryanthes excelsa 12 6 36 15 10 6 AHM FLAGELLARIACEAE Flagel/aria indica 1 4 1 S. HAEMODORACEAE Haemodorum planifolium 5 3 16 10 3 3 ABHMS HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis hygrometrica 1 2 1 0 IRIDACEAE Libertia paniculata 10 21 13 8 12 6 10 CKMO Patersoniajragilis H 2 4 50 6 MS Patersonia glabrata H 16 4 13 40 8 5 17 3 ACHLMOPR Patersonia longifolia H 3 3 8 1 6 KM Patersonia sericea 14 2 6 40 50 8 15 6 16 ABHLMORS JUNCACEAE Juncus pauciflorus 1 4 3 T Juncus planifolius 2 4 2 8 0 Juncus usitatus H 2 9 4 1 OP Luzulajlaccida 1 2 1 M LOMANDRACEAE Lomandra brevis H 7 2 24 4 13 MOPR Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pal/Ma H 8 2 9 16 6 13 BCKMOR Lomandra confertifolia subsp. rubiginosa H 13 7 2 28 4100 8 5 11 6 CKOP Lomandra cylindrica H 17 16 48 8 15 13 10 ABCHMOP Lomandra filiformis H 21 4 12 25 24 20 15 17 3 ABKLMOP Lomandrafiliformis subsp. coriacea H 11 4 25 4 5 14 . BCKOPTY Lomandrafiliformis subsp. filiformis H 31 16 44 36 20 25 23 16 ABCHKLMOPRSTY Lomandra glauca H 17 9 56 10 13 19 ACHKLMOP Lomandra gracilis H 11 6 13 16 15 10 3 ACKMOPRST Lomandra longifolia 64 29 39 76 41 4 72 60 40 19 ABCHKLMOPRS1W Lomandra micrantha H 2 8 4 3 0 Lomandra multiflora 19 6 38 16 12 20 16 3 BCHKLMOPRY Lomandra obliqua 31 2 22 92 16 25 21 23 ACHKLMOPRS Lomandra spicata 2 7 4 1 3 KO LUZURIAGACEAE Eustrephus latifolius 48 29 48 57 13 4 40 40 36 16 ACHKLMOPRTW Geitonoplesium cymosum 35 36 48 39 32. 20 20 29 ACHKLMORSTW ORCHlDACEAE Acianthusfornicatus 5 2 13 5 6 KY A cianthus'spp. 18 18 19 12 12 25 14 ABCKMOPRT Bulbophyl/um exiguum 6 14 13 2 4 10 COT Bulbophyl/um shepherd;; 2 7 4 1 3 0 Caladenia carnea 1 4 3M Caladenia catenata H 2 6 2 . AY Caleana major + + +M Calochilus campestris 1 2 4 0 Calochilus spp. 11 2 13 24 8 10 6 CHKMOPTY Chiloglottisformicifera + + + .0

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUfH WALES 80 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUfH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35

-- RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Lt L2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Chi/og/ottis seminuda H 1 2 4 T Chi/og/ottis tri/abia 1 2 1 0 Chi/og/ottis spp. 25 13 31 19 4 20 20 23 CHKMOPRTY Corybas aconitiflorus 2 4 3 R Corybasfimbriatus 5 9 6 5 4 3 KMOT Corybasfordhamii 1 50 3M 1 V Corybas pruinosus 1 4 .1 • fi. Cryptostylis erecta 3 7 8 1 6 LRS Cryptosty/is /eptochi/a 2 8 1 3 0 Cryptostylis subu/ata 5 2 6 8 10 4 HKM Cymbidium suave 27 7 39 29 9 8 30 23 10 ACHKLMOPRTW Dendrobium aemu/um 1 2 1 0 Dendrobium gracilicau/e 1 4 1 0 Dendrobium pugionifonne 2 7 2 1 3 OP Dendrobium speciosum 7 14 4 6 3 6 10 KLMO Dendrobium strio/atum 1 7 3 0 Dendrobium tetragonum 1 7 3 R Eriochi/us cucullatus 1 4 3 M G/ossodia major 2 8 5 1 M G/ossodia minor 2 8 6 MS Liparis reflexa 3 7 2 3 3 3 KO Lyperanthus suaveo/l!ns 3 6 4 4 10 BM Orthoceros strictum 1 4 3 M Papi//i/abium beck/eri 5 21 9 1 13 CKT P/ectorhiza tridentata 17 64 30 2 9 35 CKLOPRSTY Prasophyllum brevi/abre H 2 8 5 1 AH Pterosty/is acuminata 4 2 9 5 4 CPRY Pterostylis curta 4 9 4 6 KMP Pterostylis grandiflora 4 6 3 4 5 3 KMOP Pterostylis hispidu/a 1 4 1 0 Pterostylis /ongifo/ia 8 4 10 6 4 10 7 KOPT Pterosty/is nutans 8 9 10 3 10 3 HMOTY Pterostylis obtusa 1 2 5 K Pterostylis ophiog/ossa 1 3 4 B Pterosty/is parviflora 2 8 1 3 LM Pterostylis peduncu/ata 5 7 13 2 5 4 3 MOSY Pterosty/is reflexa 4 4 9 4 5 3 BY Pterosty/is revo/uta 2 6 3 KP Pterostylis spp. 9 4 4 13 4100 8 7 6 KLORS Sarcochi/usfa/catus 1 2 1 .0 Sarcochi/us hi//ii 3 14 4 1 6 CK Sarcochi/us o/ivaceus 8 29 17 4 16 KORST PHORMIACEAE Dianella caeru/ea var. caeru/ea 89 43 70 92 44 32 80 70 63 35 ABCHKLMOPRSlWY Dianella caeru/ea var. cinerascens H 24 4 4 34 40 8 20 17 19 BCEKMOPSTY Dianella caeru/ea var. producta H 4 8 10 3 CLT Dianella /ongijoJia 4 2 6 4 4 5 3 BKMO Dianella prunina H 1 3 1 K Dianella revoJuta var. revoJuta H 34 10 69 20 28 20 29 3 ABCHKOPTWY Stypandra g/auca 3 6 .100 3 3 KP POACEAE Ancistrachne uncinu/ata H + + +K *Andropogon virginicus 2 2 4 4 5 AR

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTIi WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTIi WALES 81 RF WSGM GSHW NLWH LlL2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

Anisopogon avenaceus - H 11 44 7 19 Ill.,MOPRS Aristida calycina H 2 8 3 MO Aristida ramosa subsp. speciosa H 2 3 . 100 1 3 K Aristida vagans H 27 22 38 16 20 20 26 ABCHKMOPRTWY Aristida warburgii H 4 3 8 50 4 1 6 ABM Aristida spp. 8 19 8 5 7 6 BKPY Bothriochloa decipiens 1 3 1 K Cenchrus caliculatus 2 6 3 K Chionochloa pallida 16 6 28 16 8 10 14 6 BHKMPT Chloris truncata 1 3 1 K Cleistochloa rigida H 1 .100 3 K Cymbopogon refractus H 14 10 22 4100 12 13 6 BKOPRTWY Danthonia longifolia 3 4 3 8 1 KTW Danthonia pilosa var. pilosa 1 2 4 K Danthonia tenuior H 9 6 19 16 5 6 CKOT Dichelachne micrantha H 11 2 28 4 4 15 10 BCEKMPTY Dichelachne rara H 6 8 6 4 10 4 KOY Digitaria didactyla H 1 4 1 P Digitaria difJusa H 1 3 3 K Digitaria parvijlora H 21 29 22 20 20 16 3 BCKOPRTWY Digitaria ramularis 8 22 .100 4 5 9 BEKOPY Echinopogon caespitosus 14 9 16 13 24 10 9 BKMOPTY Echinopogon ovatus 4 6 3 4 5 3 KOR Entolasia marginata 20 26 24 6 44 20 6 3 ACHKOPRT Entolasia stricta 93 14 30 71 69100100 50 72 65 67 48 ABCEHKLMOPRS1WY Eragrostis benthamii H 13 4 19 16100 16 15 6 6 ABKMO Eragrostis leptostachya H 1 3 1 K lmperata cylindrica var. major 40 9 55 19 20 56 35 26 3 ABCHKLMORSTW Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 69 29 30 67 63 20 72 65 44 23 ABCEHKMOPRS1WY Oplismenus aemulus var. aemulus 7 9 6 6 10 KOPY Oplismenus imbecillus 60 50 61 73 9 76 50 31 29 ACHKLMOPRSTWY Ottochloa gracil/ima H 3 4 4 4 5 1 OR Panicum effusum 4 13 4 3 3 BK Panicum pygmaeum H 2 4 2 4 1 WY Panicum simile H 38 37 47 16100 44 25 29 6 ABCEHKMOPRTWY Paspalidium albovillosum H 1 .100 3 K Paspalum distichum H 1 2 5 .R Poa affinis H 25 28 13 24 19 8 15 21 16 ACHKLMOPTY Poa labil/ardieri 13 4 24 20 20 6 HKORT Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana 5 2 13 8 5 3 BKO Sorghum leiocladum 2 6 4 1 BK Stipa pubescens H 7 4 2 3 16 4 15 4 ABHLMT Stipa rudis subsp. rudis H 9 16 16 8 5 7 3 ACEKMR Tetrarrhena juncea H 12 3 44 4 5 7 16 MOPRS Themeda australis 36 18 56 36 28 50 24 6 ABCEHKMORTY * Urochloa texana H 1 3 1 K RESTIONACEAE Empodisma minus H 1 50 3M Leptocarpus tenax 1 50 3 M Lepyrodia scariosa H 9 28 .100 3 23 MORS RIPOGONACEAE Ripogonum!awcettianum 17 21 48 6 8 15 9 19 AHOST

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOurH WALES 82 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOurH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 RFWSGM GSHW NLWH Ll 1.2 L3 U Species Freq. 14 23 49 32 25 1 2 25 20 70 31 State Forests

SMILACACEAE Smi/ox australis 63 57 83 71 3 60 45 37 42 ACHKLMORSTW Smi/ox g/yciphylla 25 21 26 24 3 12 16 15 17 19 LMOPRST UVULARIACEAE Sche/hammera undu/ata 12 14 4 18 8 10 9 6 LMORT Trip/adenia cunninghamii 1 4 3 T XANTHORRHOEACEAE Xanthorrhoea g/auca subsp. g/auca H 2 2 3 3 KO Xanthorrhoea /atijo/ia H 5 20 15 3 ACHM Xanthorrhoea macronema 5 8 4 8 4 AOW Xanthorrhoea ma/acophylla H 3 4 3 5 3 CHO Xanthorrhoea media H 25 13 6 9 64 16 5 20 19 BHKLMOPRST XYRIDACEAE Xyris opercu/ata H 2 .100 6M ZINGffiERACEAE A/pinia arundeliana H 1 7 3 0 A/pinia caeru/ea H 4 7 9 2 5 3 3 AHOR

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUfH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUfH WALES 83 APPENDIX 2

FLORlSTIC COMPOSITION OFFLORlSTIC COMMUNITIES

Floristic communities are derived from classification of plot data for all species, using the technique described on pages 6-7. Floristic composition is summarised below for communities defined at the 0.7 level of dissimilarity (51 class level (refer Figure 2». Numbers in the table are a composite index of abundance and frequency, scaled to lie in the interval 0-9. The index is calculated as the mean ofscaled cover-abundance plus scaled frequency. Species which score a composite index ofless than five in all communities are omitted. Community numbers are read vertically. For brevity, infraspecific names generally have been omitted. Infraspecific epithets are given in Appendix 1.

Community number 1 11 1111 1 11 11 1 1 1 11111 22 22 2 22 111 22 333 4 5 666 7777 8 999999 o 11 2222 3 44 55 6 7 8 99999 00 11 2 33 ...... Species 123 12 123 123 1234 123456 12 1234 12 12 12345 12 12 12

Acacia bulgaensis 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 8 00 Acacia buxifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 301000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 06000 01 00 0 00 Acacia elata 100 00 002 0 0 100 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 16 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia filicifolia 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia hispidula 000 00 000 2 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00500 00 00 0 00 Acacia implexa 100 26 010 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia irrorata 100 00 020 o 0 106 1020 o 000003 0 50 0000 0 20 03 0 0 7 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia linifolia 100 00 022 o 0 100 0020 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 15032 04 25 0 00 Acacia longifolia ,100 00 000 o 5 100 0020 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 05000 00 00 0 00 Acacia maidenii 200 20 030 o 0 136 3200 0 004443 6 50 0035 1 10 03 0 5 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia matthewii 000 00 000 o 0 000 0008 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia obtusifolia 000 00 012 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 20000 01 00 0 00 Acacia parvipinnula 500 50 512 4 0 000 0000 0 000053 0 50 0000 0 10 00 o 0 0 00000 02 00 0 00 Acacia prominens 000 00 000 o 0 100 0225 0 001210 0 00 0030 1 20 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 6 00 Acacia saliciformis 000 00 012 o 0 000 0020 0 000000 0 06 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia schinoides 000 00 000 o 0 363 2450 7 002220 0 03 0525 2 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Acacia suaveolens 000 00 002 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 10064 34 26 0 50 Acacia ulicifolia 100 00 012 o 6 000 0000 0 501000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 25035 02 46 0 00 Acianthus spp. 230 20 030 2 0 100 1020 0 301223 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 10000 02 00 0 00 Acmena smithii 000 00 000 0 0 330 0200 6 000000 0 00 5735 6 40 76 6 0 0 00000 00 20 0 00 Acronychia oblongifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0200 0 000000 0 00 2125 0 10 60 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Acrotriche aggregata 000 00 510 0 0 130 0220 0 302010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00002 00 00 0 00 Actinotus helianthi 000 00 512 0 0 000 1020 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 26 0 00 Adiantum aethiopicum 000 06 000 0 0 330 1240 0 352210 5 00 0010 0 10 00 o 0 6 00000 33 00 0 00 Adiantum formosum 000 00 000 0 0 103 0200 0 000000 0 00 6046 1 20 77 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Adiantum hispidulum 100 00 000 0 0 430 2000 0 001210 5 00 5030 0 20 50 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Adiantum silvaticum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0200 4 00 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Ageratina adenophora 000 00 000 0 0 003 0000 0 000000 7 00 0006 0 00 50 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Ajuga australis 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 5 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Alectryon subcinereus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 6125 0 10 53 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Allocasuarina torulosa 535 56 034 0 0 636 5420 5 677666 7 60 0140 0 35 00 o 5 0 10030 00 00 0 00 Alphitonia excelsa 000 00 000 0 0 003 0025 0 000000 0 00 2110 1 10 03 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 60 Alpinia caerulea 000 00 000 0 0 100 0000 0 000000 0 00 2020 0 00 60 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Amperea xiphoclada 000 00 010 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 06 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 06034 02 00 0 00 Aneilema acuminatum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0200 0 001000 0 00 4015 1 10 03 o 0 6 10000 00 00 0 00 Angophora bakeri 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 o 0 0 00700 00 20 0 00 Angophora costata 230 40 767 2 0 000 1020 0 371033 0 03 0000 0 10 00 o 0 0 68074 03 40 6 50 Angophora euryphylla 106 00 010 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Angophora floribunda 100 25 000 0 0 563 1206 0 302050 0 76 0035 1 25 00 o 0 0 00000 01 00 0 00 Angophora hispida 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 61 00 0 00 Anisopogon avenaceus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 10500 65 06 0 00 Aphanopetalum resinosum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 4000 0 20 60 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Archontophoenix cunninghamiana 000 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 2000 1 00 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Aristida benthamii 160 20 010 0 0 000 0000 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 40 0 00 Aristida calycina 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00502 00 00 0 00 Aristida ramosa subsp. speciosa 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 5 00 Aristida vagans 105 40 522 4 0 100 0000 0 002515 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 35000 00 00 0 00 Aristida warburgii 100 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 10000 01 00 0 50 Arthropodium milleflorum 200 25 010 0 0 103 4000 0 002000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Arthropteris tenella 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 6000 1 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Asplenium australasicum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 6110 4 20 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Asplenium flabellifolium 000 05 000 0 0 130 2005 0 000000 5 03 2020 1 25 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Asterolasia correifolia 000 00 000 0 0 100 1000 0 003000 0 00 2320 0 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Astrotricha latifolia 100 00 600 0 0 363 3776 6 004033 0 73 0025 0 30 03 o 0 0 00002 00 00 0 00 Astrotricha obovata 100 00 020 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 5 00000 01 40 0 00 Austrocynoglossum latifolium 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 6 00 0006 0 00 03 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Backhousia myrtifolia 030 05 500 2 0 100 0046 0 001000 0 03 2010 3 87 00 o 0 5 00000 00 00 5 00 Baeckea densifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 20 0 50 Baeckea linifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 01 00 0 08

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 84 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOtrrJI WALEs FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S Community number 1 11 1111 1 11 11 1 1 1 11111 22 22 2 22 111 22 333 4 5 666 7777 8 999999 o 11 2222 3 44 55 6 7 8 99999 00 11 2 33 ...... Species 123 12 123 123 1234 123456 12 1234 12 12 12345 12 12 12

Banksia ericifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 40 00 0 00 Banksia ob1ongifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 32 00 0 76 Banksia serrata 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00534 66 00 0 00 Banksia spinu10sa var. co11ina 100 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 66665 36 06 0 00 Baumea rubiginosa 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 76 Bertya oleifolia 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 6 00 Bidens pilosa 100 25 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Bil1ardiera scandens 235 20 564 4 0 030 2250 0 504555 0 06 0000 o 20 00 0 0 0 35032 01 00 0 00 Blechnum cartilagineum 000 00 000 0 0 460 0020 0 300200 0 06 2425 5. 15 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 06 Blechnum nudum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 1 15 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Boronia anethifolia 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 3 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 20 o 00 Boronia 1edifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 0 0 00030 32 06 o 00 Boronia parviflora 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 o 55 Bossiaea heterophy11a 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 00032 63 25 o 50 Bossiaea obcordata 106 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 40000 04 00 o 00 Bossiaea stephensonii 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 06002 32 00 o 00 Brachychiton populneus 000 25 000 0 0 000 1200 0 000010 0 00 2110 o la 03 0 o 0 00000 00 00 5 00 Brachycome multifida 000 06 010 0 0 000 0020 0 000030 0 00 0000 o 00 00 000 00000 00 00 o 00 Brachycome spp. 100 00 000 2 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 000 00002 30 00 o 00 Brachyloma daphnoides 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 000 00000 51 05 o 00 Breynia ob1ongifolia 200 25 020 0 0 536 2545 ·5 353266 5 50 2130 o 20 53 005 00000 00 00 o 00 Brunoniella australis 130 20 000 4 5 200 1000 0 000010 0 00 0000 o 15 00 o 0 0 20000 00 00 o 00 Brunoniella pumilio 100 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 360400 0 00 0000 o 00 00 000 35000 01 00 o 00 Burchardia umbellata - 100 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 o 00 0010 o 10 00 o 0 0 10000 01 00 o 55 Bursaria spinosa 100 26 500 4 0 003 2000 0 001210 o 06 0000 o la 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Callicoma serratifolia 000 00 000 2 0 100 0000 0 600000 o 00 0100 4 16 00 o 0 0 00000 01 00 o 00 Callistemon citrinus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 30 00 o 50 Callistemon linearifolius 100 00 000 2 6 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Callistemon shiressii 000 00 000 0 0 003 0200 0 000000 o 00 0020 o 00 00 000 00000 00 00 o 00 Callitriche muelleri 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 0000 1 la 50 000 00000 00 00 o 00 Calochlaena dubia 000 20 000 0 0 863 1220 0 662210 o 07 0330 1 15 00 070 00002 00 00 o 00 Calotis dentex 000 00 000 0 0 000 0005 0 000010 o 00 0000 o la 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Canthium coprosmoides 000 20 000 0 0 000 0025 0 001000 o 00 2220 2 la 03 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Carex appressa 000 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 o 00 2005 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Carex breviculmis 100 45 000 0 0 003 1000 0 000010 o 00 0010 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Carex brunnea 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 2010 o la 60 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Carex declinata 000 00 000 0 0 106 0000 0 000000 o 00 0010 o 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Carex longebrachiata 000 00 000 0 0 103 0000 0 001000 o 00 0000 o la 03 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Cassine australis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0220 0 000000 o 00 4000 o la 50 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Cassinia cunninghamii 000 20 720 0 0 000 0000 0 000030 o 00 0000 o 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Cassinia quinquefaria 130 20 002 0 0 000 0000 0 001005 o 03 0000 o 00 00 000 00000 00 00 o 00 Cassytha glabella 000 00 010 2 6 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 1 00 00 000 20000 61 00 o 60 Cassytha pubescens 000 00 000 0 7 030 0020 0 001010 0 03 2020 o 16 00 o 0 0 10000 00 00 o 00 Caustis flexuosa 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 000 00062 51 00 o 00 Cayratia clematidea 000 00 000 0 0 203 2400 0 000220 5 00 4025 o la 03 005 00000 01 05 o 00 Cenchrus caliculatus 000 25 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2010 o la 00 000 00000 00 00 o 00 Centella asiatica 000 00 000 o 0 100 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 006 00000 00 00 o 00 Cephalaralia cephalobotrys 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 4100 2 00 03 000 00000 00 00 o 00 ceratopetalum apetalum 000 00 000 o 0 030 0000 0 000000 0 00 0200 7 26 00 000 00030 00 00 o 00 Ceratopetalum gumrniferum 000 00 010 o 0 100 0020 0 000000 0 06 0000 o 10 00 o 0 0 00032 00 00 o 00 Cheilanthes sieberi 455 46 010 5 5 100 1000 0 003223 0 60 0005 o 10 00 005 00000 00 20 5 00 Chiloglottis spp. 100 00 032 2 0 103 2240 0 652020 5 03 0020 o 10 00 000 00002 00 00 o 00. Chionoch1oa pallida 266 20 010 2 0 000 0000 0 071200 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 30700 00 20 o 00 Choretrum candollei 000 20 012 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00002 01 00 o 00 Choricarpia leptopetala 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2000 1 00 00 9 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Chrysocephalum apiculatum 135 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000003 0 00 0000 o 00 50 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Cirsium vulgare 000 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 5 00 0010 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Cissus antarctica 000 00 000 0 0 100 0540 0 000000 0 00 7347 1 30 56 000 00000 00 00 o 00 cissus hypoglauca 000 00 500 0 0 653 4665 5 352220 0 00 7767 6 50 06 050 00000 00 00 o 00 citriobatus pauciflorus 000 05 000 0 0 000 0420 5 000000 0 50 5635 2 40 03 6 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Citrus limonia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2110 o 00 53 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Claoxylon australe 000 00 000 0 0 133 0000 0 000000 0 00 6330 3 20 66 050 00000 00 00 o 00 Clematis spp. 100 05 000 0 0 556 3455 0 003223 5 03 4450 3 30 06 505 00000 00 00 o 00 Clerodendrum tomentosum 000 20 000 0 0 233 1235 0 000010 0 00 4030 o 20 00 500 00000 00 00 o 00 Comesperma ericinum 000 00 002 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 03 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 15000 00 20 o 00 Comesperma volubile 000 00 000 0 0 000 0020 0 301000 0 03 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00002 00 00 o 00 Commelina cyanea 000 20 000 0 0 100 0000 0 000000 0 00 0010 o 00 00 006 00000 00 00 o 00 Commersonia fraseri 000 00 000 0 0 103 0200 0 000010 0 00 0120 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Conospermum longifolium 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00630 63 00 o 00 Conyza spp. 300 25 010 2 0 003 1220 0 001013 o 00 0006 o 10 00 o 0 6 00000 00 00 o 00 Coopernookia barbata 000 00 010 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 06 o 00 Cordyline stricta 000 00 000 0 o 200 4200 0 000200 o 00 2530 o 10 50 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Correa ref1exa 030 00 510 4 o 000 2020 0 002200 o 00 0000 o 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Corybas fimbriatus 000 00 000 0 o 230 1000 0 001000 o 00 0010 o 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Crassula sieberiana 000 26 000 2 0 000 2000 0 001000 5 00 0000 o 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 05 Croton verreauxii 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 2020 o 10 60 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Cryptocarya glaucescens 030 00 000 o 0 205 0000 0 000000 o 00 2310 5 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 cryptocarya microneura 000 00 000 o 0 303 0220 5 001000 o 50 4766 2 la 60 o 5 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Cryptocarya rigida 000 00 000 o 0 303 2600 6 001000 o 00 0630 o 10 03 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00 cryptostylis erecta 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 0000 o 05 00 o 0 0 00002 30 00 o 00 cryptostylis subulata 000 00 010 o 0 000 0000 0 300000 o 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 15002 01 00 o 00 Cyathea austra1is 000 00 000 o 0 103 0000 0 000000 5 00 0020 3 05 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 o 00

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 85 Community number 1 11 1111 1 11 11 1 1 1 11111 22 22 2 22 111 22 333 4 5 666 7777 8 999999 o 11 2222 3 44 55 6 7 8 99999 00 11 2 33 ...... , Species 123 12 123 123 1234 123456 12 1234 12 12 12345 12 12 12

cyathochaeta diandra 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 2 00 00 0 0 0 07000 67 00 0 60 Cymbidium suave 100 00 012 0 0 203 1235 0 051200 5 03 0140 0 15 03 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Cymbopogon refractus 100 66 010 2 0 000 0000 0 002200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 20 5 00 Cynoglossum australe 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 5 00 0005 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Cyperus irnbecillis 000 00 000 0 0 100 0000 0 000000 0 00 2000 0 00 00 0 0 6 00000 00 00 0 00 Cyperus laevis 000 40 000 0 0 000 2000 0 000013 0 00 0015 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Cyperus tetraphy1lus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 5020 0 20 03 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Darnpiera stricta 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 35532 34 00 0 60 Danthonia longifolia 000 06 000 0 0 000 0000 0 001010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Danthonia spp. 100 26 510 0 0 000 0200 0 000203 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Daphnandra sp.A 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000003 0 00 2120 0 00 03 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Daviesia acicularis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000003 5 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00500 00 05 0 00 Daviesia squarrosa 000 00 010 2 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 30000 30 00 0 00 Daviesia ulicifolia 335 20 030 4 0 100 1000 0 051400 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 26000 00 20 0 00 Dendrobium gracilicaule 000 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 2000 0 10 03 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Dendrobium speciosum 000 05 000 0 0 100 0005 0 300000 5 00 0000 1 15 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Dendrobium tetragonum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 6 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Dendrophthoe vitel1ina 000 00 002 0 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00030 00 20 0 00 Desmodium brachypodum 000 20 000 0 0 030 1000 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 03 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Desmodium rhytidophyllum 200 60 000 0 0 105 2200 0 002420 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 20 o 00 Desmodium varians 400 66 010 2 0 436 6240 0 004463 6 50 0025 0 00 00 0 0 6 00000 00 00 o 00 Dianella caerulea 205 00 542 2 0 466 6555 6 666536 6 56 0435 2 55 50 0 0 o 35004 01 20 o 00 Dianella caerulea var. cinerascens 205 55 000 5 0 000 0000 0 000210 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 o 00500 35 25 o 00 Dianella longifolia 100 20 000 0 0 200 0000 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00500 00 00 o 00 Dianella prunina 006 00 000 2 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Dianella revoluta 460 60 046 2 0 000 0000 0 000416 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 20032 00 20 o 00 Dichelachne micrantha 135 40 510 2 0 000 0000 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 05000 00 00 o 00 Dichelachne rara 000 00 010 2 0 000 2000 0 000013 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Dichelachne spp. 100 00 010 0 0 000 0000 0 000003 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Dichondra repens 200 06 010 4 0 003 4220 0 001213 6 50 0010 0 10 53 0 0 7 00000 00 00 5 00 Dictyrnia brownii 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000010 0 00 4000 2 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Digitaria parviflora 100 45 510 0 0 135 1000 0 002240 0 60 0000 0 00 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 o 00 Digitaria ramularis 130 60 000 4 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 5 00 Dillwynia floribunda 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00040 31 00 o 07 Dillwynia retorta 000 00 002 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 o 20034 01 27 o 00 Dioscorea transversa 000 00 000 0 o 233 2200 6 001200 0 00 2365 1 20 50 0 6 o 00000 02 00 o 00 Diospyros australis 000 00 000 0 o 000 1200 0 000200 0 00 5140 0 20 66 5 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Diploglottis australis 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 4300 1 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Dodonaea triquetra 000 20 012 0 o 130 0020 0 301000 0 03 0000 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Doodia aspera 100 20 000 0 o 363 3245 5 301220 7 00 6360 1 50 55 6 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Doodia caudata var. caudata 000 00 000 o 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 5 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Doryanthes excelsa 000 00 000 o 0 100 0000 0 360000 0 00 0010 0 00 03 0 0 o 56000 03 00 o 00 Doryphora sassafras 000 00 000 o 0 030 0000 0 000000 0 00 4200 7 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Drosera auriculata 000 00 010 o 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 25600 32 00 o 00 Drosera spathulata 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 01 00 o 56 Dysoxylum fraserianum 000 00 000 o 0 003 0220 0 000000 0 00 5310 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Echinopogon caespitosus 200 20 010 o 0 100 0000 0 302210 0 50 0010 1 10 00 0 0 ,0 00000 00 00 o 00 Echinopogon ovatus 000 06 000 o 0 003 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Einadia nutans subsp. nutans 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 05 0 0 o 00000 00 00 5 00 Elaeocarpus reticulatus 000 00 010 o 0 453 1220 6 302000 0 56 2325 1 20 00 0 0 o 00002 00 00 0 00 Embelia australiana 000 00 000 o 0 000 1000 0 001000 0 00 2110 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Ernpodisma minus 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 1 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 08 Entolasia marginata 100 00 010 o 0 106 1240 0 301020 0 60 0110 1 10 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Entolasia stricta 330 40 646 6 7 330 6266 6 606666 0 00 0020 0 35 50 0 0 o 67667 66 75 5 60 Epacris obtusifolia 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 76 Epacris pulchella 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 06002 65 00 0 00 Eragrostis benthamii 300 00 000 2 0 000 0000 0 001010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 10500 01 20 5 00 Eriostemon hispidulus 000 20 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 o 0 o 00000 31 00 0 00 Eucalyptus acmenoides 000 00 002 o 0 030 7820 0 063016 0 00 0260 0 10 00 o 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus agglomerata 200 00 002 o 0 000 1020 0 001273 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus botryoides 000 00 000 o 0 003 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 50 o 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus carnea 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 o 36000 02 00 0 00 Eucalyptus crebra 100 70 010 o 0 000 0000 0 000020 0 03 0000 0 10 00 o 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 000 00 010 0 0 000 0020 0 000000 0 03 0000 0 10 00 o 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus deanei 000 00 000 0 0 300 1640 0 301210 0 70 0247 0 10 08 o 0 7 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus eximia 000 40 000 2 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 o 0 o 00630 00 77 0 00 Eucalyptus fastigata 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 8 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis 130 00 010 2 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus fibrosa 200 00 000 7 6 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus globoidea 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 06000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus gummifera 000 00 005 0 0 000 1020 0 062000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 70637 37 00 0 00 Eucalyptus haemastoma 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 34 00 0 00 Eucalyptus macu1ata 330 00 010 4 5 103 2005 0 063813 0 00 0010 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus microcorys 000 00 000 0 0 200 4000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 7 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus moluccana 130 25 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus paniculata 130 00 000 0 0 030 4000 0 064410 0 00 0030 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 6 00 Eucalyptus pilularis 000 00 000 0 0 737 4000 7 301200 0 00 0010 0 16 00 0 o 0 00000 01 00 0 50 Eucalyptus piperita 000 00 014 0 0 000 0020 0 371010 0 87 0000 0 10 00 0 o 0 36066 31 00 0 00 Eucalyptus prominula 100 26 720 2 0 000 0000 0 000006 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 o 0 00000 00 20 0 00 Eucalyptus punctata 530 67 652 2 0 000 5026 0 061456 0 06 0210 0 10 00 0 o 0 10600 00 20 5 00 Eucalyptus racemosa 000 00 030 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 o 0 00600 01 00 0 00

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 86 CENTRAL REGION, NEW sotITH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 community number 1 11 1111 1 11 11 1 1 1 11111 22 22 2 22 111 22 333 4 5 666 7777 8 999999 0 11 2222 3 44 55 6 7 8 99999 00 11 2 33

Species 123 12 123 123 1234 123456 12 1234 12 12 12345 12 12 12

Eucalyptus saligna 000 00 000 0 0 367 1440 0 000030 6 00 0346 3 30 60 0 7 7 20000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus scias 000 00 010 0 0 000 2040 0 300000 0 50 0210 0 00 00 0 0 0 00032 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus siderophloia 140 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 001000 0 00 0010 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Eucalyptus signata 000 00 020 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00002 02 00 0 00 Eucalyptus sparsifolia 138 20 052 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 32 27 6 00 Eucalyptus umbra 100 00 012 0 0 003 0000 0 007000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 50007 31 20 0 00 Eupomatia laurina 000 00 000 0 0 200 0200 0 000000 0 00 6445 2 20 60 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Euroschinus falcata 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2320 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Eustrephus latifolius 100 05 010 0 0 453 5250 5 552220 0 03 0250 1 30 03 5 0 0 10000 00 00 0 00 Exocarpos cupressiformis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0020 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 6 00 Exocarpus strictus 106 00 050 0 0 000 0045 0 000226 0 05 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00030 00 00 0 00 Ficus coronata 000 00 000 0 0 203 0000 0 001000 0 00 6006 1 20 74 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Ficus rUbiginosa 000 05 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 4000 0 20 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Gahnia aspera 000 25 000 2 0 000 1000 5 001010 0 00 0010 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 5 00 Gahnia melanocarpa 000 00 000 0 0 433 3640 5 302200 0 00 0355 0 20 03 0 5 0 00002 00 00 0 00 Gahnia sieberiana 000 00 010 0 0 003 0200 6 300200 0 00 0000 0 15 60 0 0 0 06000 00 00 0 05 Galium binifolium 000 00 010 0 0 233 3040 0 001023 5 53 0020 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Galium ciliare 000 00 000 0 0 303 0000 0 000000 5 00 0005 0 10 50 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Galium propinquum 000 05 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Geitonoplesium cymosum 000 20 000 0 0 535 2405 0 002210 5 00 4126 1 30 50 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Geranium homeanum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 6 00 0006 0 10 00 0 0 6 00000 00 00 0 00 Geranium spp. 100 05 002 0 0 103 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 1 00 50 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Gleichenia dicarpa 000 00 010 0 0 200 2000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 55 Glochidion ferdinandi 000 00 000 0 0 333 0000 0 301000 0 00 2010 0 10 60 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Glossodia minor 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00500 31 00 0 00 Glycine clandestina 200 26 000 4 5 336 1220 0 503030 0 50 0000 0 10 03 0 0 6 10000 01 00 0 00 Glycine tabacina 000 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 001000 5 00 0015 0 00 00 0 0 6 00000 00 00 0 00 Gnaphalium coarctatum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2015 0 00 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Gnaphalium gymnocephalum 300 20 020 2 0 100 2000 0 001025 5 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Gomphocarpus fruticosus 100 00 000 0 0 003 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 02 07 0 00 Gompholobium grandiflorum 000 00 002 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 32 00 0 00 Gompholobium latifolium 100 00 030 0 0 000 0000 0 501003 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 65555 02 00 0 00 Gonocarpus humilis 130 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0006 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Gonocarpus micranthus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 66 Gonocarpus tetragynus 135 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 360200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 56600 00 00 0 00 Gonocarpus teucrioides 206 06 640 0 5 330 2245 0 301230 0 76 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 5 00 Goodenia bellidifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 52 00 0 00 Goodenia heterophylla 105 20 062 2 0 200 1000 0 352426 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 36602 02 20 0 00 Goodenia ovata 035 07 020 0 0 100 1065 0 001010 0 00 0026 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Goodenia paniculata 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 01 00 0 56 Goodenia rotundifolia 135 40 000 2 0 000 1000 0 000003 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 5 00 Grevillea buxifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 1 10 00 0 0 0 00600 34 00 0 00 Grevillea montana 200 00 000 0 5 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Grevillea mucronulata 000 20 002 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 20 0 00 Grevillea sericea 030 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 32 00 0 50 Guioa semiglauca 000 00 000 0 0 103 1005 0 001000 0 00 5240 1 30 03 5 0 0 00600 01 00 0 00 Gymnostachys anceps 000 00 000 0 0 303 3200 0 301210 0 00 4450 2 40 53 5 5 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hakea dactyloides 100 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 20502 64 20 0 00 Hakea gibbosa 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 31 00 0 50 Hakea sericea 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 301000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00032 02 20 0 00 Hardenbergia violacea 435 46 555 4 0 030 2040 0 001426 0 06 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 20500 31 00 0 00 Helichrysum elatum 100 00 000 0 0 003 0220 0 000010 0 00 0010 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hibbertia acicularis 000 00 010 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 06 0 00 Hibbertia aspera 100 00 010 4 0 000 0020 0 050000 0 70 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 31 00 0 00 Hibbertia cistiflora 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 33 20 0 00 Hibbertia dentata 030 00 000 0 0 530 6640 6 604230 7 60 0345 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 20 0 00 Hibbertia diffusa 105 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 30 00 0 00 Hibbertia empetrifolia 030 00 030 0 0 000 1000 0 000210 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 35000 35 00 0 00 Hibbertia linearis 200 00 014 0 5 000 0000 0 001010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 10002 02 20 0 00 Hibbertia obtusifolia 030 40 642 2 0 000 0000 0 001003 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00060 00 46 0 00 Hibbertia scandens 100 00 000 0 0 435 3220 0 353240 5 60 0105 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hibiscus heterophyllus 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2020 0 10 00 0 6 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hovea linearis 000 20 010 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 1 00 00 0 0 0 00552 32 55 0 00 Howittia trilocularis 000 00 002 0 0 000 0020 5 001000 0 03 0015 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hybanthus monopetalus 000 40 015 0 0 000 0000 0 302003 0 03 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 20 0 00 Hydrocotyle geraniifolia 000 00 000 2 0 100 1000 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 50 0 0 0 00000 01 00 0 00 Hydrocotyle peduncularis 100 00 000 0 0 100 2240 0 001000 0 00 0020 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hydrocotyle tripartita 000 00 000 0 0 100 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 00 60 0 0 6 00000 00 00 0 00 Hydrocotyle spp. 130 00 010 0 0 406 3240 5 002030 7 53 0125 0 20 03 0 0 6 00000 00 00 0 00 Hymenophyllum cupressiforme 000 00 000 0 0 100 0000 0 300000 0 00 2020 1 45 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hymenosporum flavum 000 00 000 0 0 100 0000 0 000000 0 00 4010 0 20 56 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hypericum gramineum 205 05 010 0 0 000 0020 0 301210 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 05500 00 00 0 00 Hypericum japonicum 000 00 000 0 0 100 0200 0 001000 5 00 0006 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Hypochoeris radicata 400 25 030 5 5 300 2040 0 352023 0 00 0005 0 00 00 0 0 6 00002 01 00 0 00 Hypolepis muelleri 000 00 000 0 0 003 1000 0 301010 0 00 0000 0 00 50 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Imperata cy1indrica 200 00 010 2 0 536 3200 0 005443 5 50 0010 0 10 00 0 0 0 26002 01 00 0 00 Indigofera australis 206 27 010 2 0 000 3020 0 001003 6 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Isopogon anemonifolius 100 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 10030 65 06 0 00 Jacksonia scoparia 375 66 610 2 0 000 2000 0 000030 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 20 5 00 Juncus planifolius 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0005 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Juncus usitatus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0005 0 00 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Kennedia rubicunda 205 00 010 0 0 233 5240 0 352520 5 66 0005 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Kunzea ericoides 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 30 00 6 00

STATE FORESTS OF NEW sourn WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW sourn WALES 87 Community number 1 11 1111 1 11 11 1 1 1 11111 22 22 2 22 111 22 333 4 5 666 7777 8 999999 o 11 2222 3 44 55 6 7 8 99999 00 11 2 33 .. , ...... 040_ ...... , species 123 12 123 123 1234 123456 12 1234 12 12 12345 12 12 12

Lagenifera stipitata 200 25 032 5 0 200 2020 0 354223 5 50 0000 0 15 00 o 0 0 10002 01 00 0 00 Lambertia· formosa 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 o 0 0 20032 65 27 0 00 Lantana camara 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000200 0 00 0010 1 00 50 o 5 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Lasiopetalum ferrugineum 000 00 010 0 0 000 0200 0 301000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Lastreopsis acuminata 000 00 000 0 0 000 0220 0 000000 0 00 2010 4 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Lastreopsis decomposita 000 00 000 0 0 100 0020 5 000000 0 00 6440 5 20 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Lastreopsis microsora 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 6 000000 0 00 2526 5 10 03 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Lepidosperma elatius 200 00 000 0 0 000 0020 0 001000 0 00 0020 0 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Lepidosperma forsythii 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00002 30 00 0 06 Lepidosperma laterale 676 55 032 5 5· 130 4256 6 354535 0 03 0120 0 35 00 500 66032 01 40 5 00 Lepidosperma lineare 000 00 600 0 0 030 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00002 00 00 0 00· Leptomeria acida 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00004 31 00 0 06 Leptospermum juniperinum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 00 0 66 Leptospermum parvifolium 000 00 000 0 8 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 20 0 00 Leptospermum polygalifolium 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 601000 0 00 0000 0 00 50 000 26002 01 00 0 00 Leptospermum trinervium 100 00 004 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 000 50675 66 45 0 00 Lepyrodia scariosa 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 35 00 0 76 Leucopogon esquamatus 100 00 000 0 5 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 31 00 0 00 Leucopogon juniperinus 000 00 000 2 0 033 1200 0 001210 0 50 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Leucopogon lanceolatus 100 00 525 2 0 300 3040 0 351023 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Leucopogon microphyllus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00030 60 00 0 00 Leucopogon muticus 030 00 710 0 0 000 0000 0 000003 0 00 0000 0 10 00 000 00034 30 40 0 00 Libertia paniculata 000 00 000 0 0 200 0040 0 000000 0 00 0017 0 20 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Lindsaea linearis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0010 0 00 00 o 0 0 00004 56 00 0 00 Lindsaea microphylla 000 00 524 0 0 130 2020 0 554013 0 03 0000 0 15 00 000 15000 00 00 0 00 Liparis reflexa 000 06 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Lissanthe strigosa 200 00 000 6 5 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 30 00 0 00 Livistona australis 000 00 000 0 0 033 0200 0 001200 0 00 0030 2 00 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Lobelia trigonocaulis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2005 0 10 00 000 00500 00 00 0 00 Logania albiflora 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 03 0000 0 15 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Lomandra brevis 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00002 03 05 0 00 Lomandra confertifolia 260 60 034 0 o 000 0000 0 001010 0 03 0000 0 10 00 000 00030 02 40 6 00 Lomandra cylindrica 100 00 006 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 30634 04 20 0 00 Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea 135 20 512 2 0 000 0000 0 001200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 20 0 00 Lomandra f. sUbsp. filiformis 236 50 552 4 0 033 2000 0 302223 6 03 0000 0 la 00 0 0 0 65600 73 20 0 00 Lomandra glauca 030 00 012 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 o 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 40662 03 46 0 00 Lomandra gracilis 000 00 022 0 0 000 0000 0 301010 o 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 10032 01 00 0 00 Lomandra longifolia 305 00 040 2 0 536 4540 0 554455 6 50 0140 0 37 00 0 0 0 05000 00 00 0 00 Lomandra multiflora 230 55 010 4 0 003 0000 0 001010 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 0 0 10032 01 20 0 00 Lomandra obliqua 100 00 040 0 0 000 0000 0 000003· 0 00 0000 0·00 00 0 0 0 65654 35 56 0 00 Lomatia myricoides 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2005 o 16 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Lomatia silaifolia 000 00 032 0 0 100 0000 0 301000 0 03 0000 o 10 00 0 0 0 10552 05 00 0 00 Lycopodium laterale 000 00 000 0 0 100 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 0 0 00002 01 00 0 66 Macrozamia communis 100 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 050007 0 00 2000 o 00 00 0 0 0 10000 00 00 0 00 Macrozamia spiralis 230 00 000 4 5 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 o 15 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Marsdenia flavescens 000 00 000 0 0 000 0200 0 000000 0 00 2120 o 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Marsdenia rostrata 000 00 000 0 0 033 0005 0 000000 0 00 4020 6 30 03 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Marsdenia suaveolens 000 20 000 4 0 000 0000 0 061000 0 03 0000 o 10 00 0 0 0 10002 00 00 5 00 Maytenus silvestris 400 25 532 5 0 333 4026 0 004433 0 53 0030 o 30 03 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Melaleuca linariifolia 000 00 000 2 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 10 50 0 0 0 00000 01 00 0 00 Melaleuca nodosa 100 00 000 2 8 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Melaleuca styphelioides 100 00 000 4 0 003 0000 0 000000 0 00 0010 o la 83 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Melichrus urceolatus 260 20 000 0 5 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 01 00 5 00 Melicope micrococca 000 00 000 0 0 003 1420 0 001000 0 00 4145 1 20 56 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Melodinus australis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 5 000000 0 00 2000 3 la 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Microlaena stipoides 406 46 542 5 0 436 5045 0 665643 6 50 0125 o 30 50 o 0 6 25600 01 00 0 00 Microsorium scandens 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 4010 5 10 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Mirbelia rubiifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 16502 31 20 0 60 Mitrasacme polymorpha 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 05002 01 00 0 00 Monotoca scoparia 130 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 30032 32 26 0 00 Morinda jasminoides 000 00 000 0 0 356 1220 5 301200 0 00 7665 6 40 63 6 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Mue11erina celastroides 000 00 000 0 0 000 0020 0 001000 0 00 0000 1 10 00 o 0 0 00030 00 00 0 00 Mue11erina euca1yptoides 000 00 010 0 0 000 3200 0 000010 0 00 0000 o 00 00 o 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Neolitsea dealbata 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2325 1 00 03 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Notelaea longifolia 000 05 000 0 0 000 1025 0 002010 0 00 2120 o 20 00 6 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Notelaea venosa 000 00 010 0 0 130 0040 5 001000 0 05 0025 o 45 00 0 o 0 00000 00 20 0 00 Olearia elliptica 000 25 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000003 0 00 0010 o 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 5 00 Olearia nernstii 000 00 000 0 0 033 0240 0 000000 0 60 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 ·Olearia tomentosa 030 00 522 0 0 000 2020 0 004010 5 03 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 10000 00 00 0 00 opercularia aspera 235 00 010 0 0 030 1020 0 551000 0 00 2000 o 10 00 0 o 0 10000 00 00 0 00 Opercularia diphy11a 100 40 000 4 5 000 2000 0 001010 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Opercularia varia 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000200 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 16000 00 00 0 00 Oplismenus aemulus 000 25 000 0 0 000 1000 0 001000 5 00 0000 o 00 03 0 o 8 00000 00 00 0 00 Oplismenus imbecillus 100 00 010 0 0 636 6540 5 554233 6 60 4157 1 40 63 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Opuntia stricta 000 25 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 o 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 oxalis chnoodes 000 00 000 0 0 003 2200 0 302200 0 00 0025 o 10 00 0 o 0 00000 01 00 0 00 Oxalis spp. 200 50 000 2 0 103 0020 5 002000 0 00 0100 o 10 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Oxylobium ilicifolium 566 20 876 2 0 330 1200 0 356436 0 66 0000 o 15 00 0 o 0 35532 00 25 0 00 ozothamnus diosmifolius 200 20 010 0 0 130 3065 5 302023 0 50 0015 o 10 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Ozothamnus rufescens 000 00 000 0 0 000 0400 0 001000 5 00 0020 o 10 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Palmeria scandens 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2315 4 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 88 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 Community number 1 11 1111 1 11 11 1 1 1 11111 22 22 2 22 111 22 333 4 5 666 7777 8 999999 o 11 2222 3 44 55 6 7 8 99999 00 11 2 33 ...... " ...... Species 123 12 123 123 1234 123456 12 1234 12 12 12345 12 12 12

Pandorea pandorana 000 26 032 2 0 453 5455 5 002210 0 05 6620 5 50 03 0 0 0 10000 00 00 0 00 Panicum pygmaeum 130 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 03 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Panicum simile 430 40 020 6 0 100 1000 0 004547 0 60 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 30000 00 20 5 00 Parsonsia species A 000 00 000 0 0 000 0206 0 000000 0 00 2000 3 20 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Parsonsia straminea 000 00 000 0 0 003 4420 0 002200 0 00 4320 3 30 50 6 0 0 00004 00 00 0 00 Paspa1idium albovillosum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2100 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 6 00 Passiflora edulis 000 00 000 0 0 003 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 50 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Passif10ra herbertiana 000 00 000 0 0 033 0420 5 001013 0 00 2010 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Patersonia fragilis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 30 00 0 05 Patersonia glabrata 000 00 022 0 0 000 0000 0 301000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 40054 02 20 0 00 Patersonia longifo1ia 030 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00500 00 20 0 00 Patersonia sericea 100 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 20000 65 00 0 50 Pellaea falcata var. falcata 000 05 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000010 5 00 2035 0 30 55 0 0 8 00000 00 00 0 00 Pellaea falcata var. nana 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 4020 3 30 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Pellaea paradoxa 000 00 000 0 0 000 3000 0 000000 5 00 4020 0 20 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Peperomia tetraphylla 000 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Persoonia isophylla 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 34 00 0 00 Persoonia levis 000 00 002 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 65566 54 20 0 00 Persoonia 1inearis 536 45 666 2 5 563 5556 5 555566 0 63 0015 0 20 00 0 0 0 25634 01 65 5 00 Petrophile pulche1la 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00504 03 00 0 00 Phebalium squamulosum 000 00 000 0 0 000 0005 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 01 00 0 00 Phy1lanthus similis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0005 0 10 03 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Phy11anthus thymoides 455 20 612 4 6 000 0000 0 300210 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 0 40532 54 66 0 00 Phyl10ta phylicoides 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00030 64 20 0 00 Phytolacca octandra 000 00 000 0 0 000 1000 0 000000 5 00 2000 0 00 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Pimelea curviflora 100 20 010 0 0 003 1040 5 001000 5 00 0020 0 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Pimelea linifolia 000 00 020 0 0 000 0020 0 000000 0 06 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 15000 53 45 0 00 Pittosporum revolutum 000 00 000 0 0 033 0045 0 000010 0 00 4435 3 40 53 0 0 0 00000 01 00 0 00 Pittosporum undulatum 000 00 000 0 0 103 1025 0 000000 0 00 4200 1 20 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Planchonella australis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 4000 1 10 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Plantago debilis 005 26 000 0 0 100 1000 0 000000 6 00 0015 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Platycerium bifurcatum 000 00 000 0 0 100 2005 0 000000 0 00 0000 1 20 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Platysace ericoides 236 20 002 2 5 000 0000 0 000203 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00500 00 25 0 00 Platysace lanceolata 200 00 040 0 0 200 2440 0 052223 0 56 0000 0 15 00 0 0 0 10030 00 00 0 00 Platysace linearifolia 000 00 002 0 0 000 0000 0 500000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 06067 65 20 0 00 Plectorhiza tridentata 000 00 000 o 0 100 0000 0 000000 0 00 2300 3 55 00 6 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Plectranthus parviflorus 200 26 030 o 0 403 5426 0 001023 6 00 0035 1 30 55 0 0 5 00000 00 00 5 00 Poa affinis 100 27 030 4 0 430 0045 0 360010 0 03 0010 0 36 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Poa labillardieri 000 00 000 o 0 106 6000 0 001010 6 50 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Polymeria ca1ycina 000 20 000 o 0 003 0000 0 000000 0 00 2000 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Polyscias sambucifolia 100 00 040 2 0 433 2445 5 501256 0 06 0105 1 30 00 0 0 o 20000 00 00 0 00 Polystichum australiense 000 00 000 o 0 130 0000 0 000000 5 00 4646 3 20 03 5 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pomaderris ferruginea 000 00 000 2 0 100 0020 5 301000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pomaderris ligustrina 000 00 500 o 0 030 0020 0 051200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pomax umbellata 466 40 565 4 0 003 1000 0 502453 0 53 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00052 00 50 5 00 Poranthera microphylla 100 20 010 o 0 405 3450 5 501033 5 50 0000 0 10 00 0 0 5 05002 01 00 0 00 Pratia purpurascens 336 26 030 4 0 335 5540 0 604463 6 00 0120 0 20 50 0 0 6 00000 00 20 5 00 Prostanthera incana 000 00 602 o 0 000 1020 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Prostanthera incisa 000 00 000 o 0 000 0200 0 000000 0 00 0105 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Prostanthera rhombea 000 00 010 o 0 000 0005 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Prostanthera sieberi 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 8 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pseuderanthemum variabile 000 00 000 o 0 433 6640 6 506420 6 50 4555 0 40 63 5 0 o 00000 00.00 0 00 Psychotria loniceroides 000 00 000 o 0 505 3640 0 302230 5 00 2655 3 30 03 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pteridium esculentum 000 00 014 o 0 636 2520 0 664220 5 76 0026 0 15 03 0 0 7 45036 03 20 0 00 pteris tremula 000 00 000 o 0 003 0000 0 000000 0 00 4005 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pterostylis acuminata 000 00 510 2 0 000 0000 0 001000 0 00 0000 1 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pterostylis curta 000 00 000 o 0 200 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 10 00 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Pterostylis longifolia 000 00 010 0 0 100 1040 0 001200 0 03 0100 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pterostylis nutans 000 00 000 2 0 100 0000 0 350200 5 00 0010 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Pterostylis pedunculata 100 00 000 0 0 100 1000 0 000000 0 00 0010 0 10 03 0 0 o 00000 31 00 0 00 Pterostylis revoluta 130 20 000 4 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 la 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Pterostylis spp. 100 00 010 0 0 100 0000 0 001000 0 00 0005 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 30 00 5-00 Ptilothrix deusta 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 30700 72 00 o 70 Pultenaea blakelyi 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 06000 00 00 o 00 Pultenaea cunninghamii 030 00 000 4 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Pultenaea echinula 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 06000 00 05 o 00 Pultenaea elliptica 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 62 00 o 50 Pultenaea flexilis 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 03 0000 0 15 00 0 0 o 00032 00 00 o 00 Pultenaea retusa 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 500000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 20002 00 20 o 00 Pultenaea rosmarinifolia 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 10500 02 00 o 00 Pultenaea scabra 000 00 020 2 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 06 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Pyrrosia rupestris 100 00 000 0 0 030 3006 0 001000 6 00 6420 3 40 00 5 5 o 10000 00 00 o 00 Rapanea howittiana 000 00 000 0 o 233 0020 0 001200 5 00 2320 3 30 63 0 0 o 00000 00 00 o 00 Rapanea variabilis 100 46 012 4 o 350 2240 5 002046 0 55 0120 0 20 03 0 o 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Rhodamnia rubescens 000 00 000 0 o 333 2420 7 001200 0 00 2466 1 20 00 0 6 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Rhodomyrtus psidioides 000 00 000 0 o 000 0020 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 50 0 o 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Ripogonum fawcettianum 100 00 000 0 o 100 1000 6 000000 0 00 2736 3 10 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Rubus hillii 000 00 000 0 o 236 0200 0 001203 5 00 4027 2 20 50 0 o 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Rubus parvifolius 000 00 000 0 o 305 2000 0 001020 6 00 0000 0 00 50 0 o 6 00000 00 00 o 00 Rubus rosifolius 000 00 000 0 o 203 1000 0 301000 5 00 0017 2 10 06 0 7 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Rubus sp. (aff. moorei) 000 00 000 0 o 030 0000 0 000000 0 00 2310 5 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 o 00 Sarcochilus falcatus 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 5 00 2000 1 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 o 00

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SmITH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 3S CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 89 Community number 1 11 1111 1 11 11 1 1 1 11111 22 22 2 22 111 22 333 4 5 666 7777 8 999999 o 11 2222 3 44 55 6 7 8 99999 00 11 2 33 ...... 0" ••• ...... , Species 123 12 123 123 1234 123456 12 1234 12 12 12345 12 12 12

Sarcochilus olivaceus 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2000 2 20 00 5 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Sarcopetalum harveyanum 000 00 000 0 0 403 2420 6 000000 0 00 4445 3 20 53 0 5 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Scaevola ramosissima 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00502 34 20 0 00 Schelhammera undulata 000 00 000 0 0 403 0000 0 600200 0 00 0010 1 05 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Schizaea bifida 000 00 010 o 0 000 0020 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 25034 35 00 0 00 Schizomeria ovata 000 00 000 o 0 333 0200 0 300000 0 00 0310 3 10 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Schoenus brevifolius 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 77 Schoenus imberbis 030 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00030 61 25 0 00 Schoenus melanostachys 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 700000 0 00 0000 0 05 00 0 0 0 06002 02 00 0 00 Senecio amygdalifolius 000 20 000 o 0 000 1000 0 000200 0 00 2010 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 01 00 0 00 Senecio bipinnatisectus 000 00 000 o 0 103 0000 0 001000 o 50 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Senecio biserratus 100 05 000 o 0 000 1000 0 000000 o 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Senecio linearifolius 100 00 000 o 0 203 3000 0 000210 7 00 0000 0 10 03 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Senecio madagascariensis 430 45 010 5 0 100 3020 0 001215 o 50 0000 0 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Senecio minimus 000 00 000 o 0 003 1200 0 000000 o 50 0005 0 10 00 0 o 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Senecio species E 000 00 010 o 0 000 0000 0 050203 o 00 0000 0 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Senecio vagus 000 00 010 o 0 030 1025 0 000000 o 00 0000 1 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Seringia arborescens 000 00 000 o 0 133 1000 0 000010 o 00 0000 0 00 50 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Sida rhombifolia 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 001000 o 00 0000 0 00 03 0 o 6 00000 00 00 0 00 Sigesbeckia orientalis 100 25 010 o 0 405 3420 0 000033 6 60 0037 0 10 05 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Smilax australis 000 00 010 o 0 633 6645 7 554420 5 50 4660 1 55 53 5 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Smilax glyciphylla 000 00 002 o 0 400 1220 0 501000 0 05 0210 2 25 00 0 5 0 00002 02 00 0 00 Solanum aviculare 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2005 0 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Solanum brownii 000 00 000 o 0 000 0220 0 000000 0 00 2006 0 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Solanum campanulatum 000 00 000 o 0 000 0020 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 o 0 00000 00 00 5 00 Solanum chenopodioides 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 5 00 0000 0 10 00 0 o 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Solanum mauritianum 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0005 0 00 03 070 00000 00 00 0 00 Solanum prinophyl1um 100 20 000 2 0 003 2220 0 001003 0 50 2020 0 10 00 005 00000 00 00 0 00 Solanum pungetium 000 00 000 o 0 130 0200 0 001010 0 00 0010 0 00 03 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Solanum stelligerum 105 05 000 o 0 033 2405 0 002223 5 00 2000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 00 5 00 sprengelia incarnata 100 20 000 o 0 000 1000 0 000010 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 00 0 06 Stellaria flaccida 100 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 6 00 0015 2 20 03 005 00002 01 00 0 00 Stenocarpus salignus 000 00 000 o 0 000 0226 5 000000 5 00 4500 1 30 00 600 00000 00 00 0 00 stephania japonica var. discolor 100 00 000 o 0 333 2520 5 001010 0 50 4356 0 30 56 050 00000 00 00 0 00 Sticherus flabellatus 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 300000 0 00 0000 1 16 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Stipa rudis subsp. nervosa 100 00 012 2 6 003 0000 0 001020 0 00 0000 0 10 00 000 55000 01 20 0 00 Stylidium laricifolium 000 20 500 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Stylidium productum 000 00 010 o 0 000 0020 0 001000 0 03 0000 0 15 00 o 0 0 00052 02 00 0 00 stypandra glauca 000 26 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 00 00 5 00 Styphelia laeta 100 00 000 o 5 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 00000 32 00 0 00 Syncarpia glomulifera 200 00 634 o 0 480 5477 0 706453 6 60 2777 2 56 00 060 10066 02 20 0 00 Synoum glandulosum 000 00 000 o 0 536 1200 0 351200 0 50 5665 2 10 04 570 00002 00 00 0 00 Tasmannia insipida 000 00 000 o 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2400 5 10 00 005 00000 00 00 0 00 Tetrarrhena juncea 000 00 002 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0010 1 00 00 000 06006 35 00 0 00 Tetrastigma nitens 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000200 0 00 7020 0 10 00 000 00000 00 00 0 00 Tetratheca juncea 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 30000 32 00 0 00 Tetratheca thymifolia 000 00 012 0 o 000 0000 0 000200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 30000 03 00 0 00 Themeda australis 777 40 020 0 6 003 0200 0 061226 0 00 0000 0 00 00 000 66600 01 20 0 00 Todea barbara 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 1 06 00 000 10002 01 00 0 00 Trema aspera 000 00 000 0 o 103 0020 0 001003 0 00 0000 0 00 03 055 00000 00 00 0 00 Tristaniopsis collina 000 00 000 0 o 130 1000 0 000000 0 03 0400 0 10 00 000 00002 00 00 0 00 Tristaniopsis laurina 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2000 0 38 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Trochocarpa laurina 000 00 000 0 0 450 2450 5 352000 0 50 2650 2 20 00 6 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Tylophora paniculata 000 00 000 2 0 436 3200 0 302210 0 00 2320 0 10 03 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Typhonium sp. 000 00 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 1 00 50 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Urtica incisa 000 20 000 0 0 000 0000 0 000000 5 00 2005 0 10 03 0 0 6 00000 00 00 0 00 Vernonia cinerea 300 55 020 4 0 033 4020 0 004235 5 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 01 00 0 00 Veronica plebeia 100 06 010 0 o 200 2240 0 301013 0 50 0025 0 10 50 0 0 5 00000 00 00 0 00 Viola betonicifolia 200 00 010 0 o 000 1000 0 052200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Viola hederacea 100 05 000 0 o 450 4240 0 352200 6 00 0025 1 10 53 0 0 o 00002 00 00 0 05 Vittadinia cuneata var. cuneata 000 20 010 0 o 000 0200 0 300013 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Wahlenbergia stricta 100 00 000 0 o 000 2000 0 001020 5 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 01 00 0 00 Wahlenbergia spp. 130 56 010 2 o 100 1020 0 000200 0 53 0005 0 10 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Wilkiea huegeliana 000 00 000 0 o 100 0220 0 000000 0 00 5420 1 20 00 5 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Xanthorrhoea glauca 000 06 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00030 01 00 0 00 Xanthorrhoea latifolia 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 35030 00 00 0 00 Xanthorrhoea macronema 000 00 000 0 o 000 1200 0 001200 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 10000 00 00 0 00 000 00 500 0 o 100 1000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 00 ; Xanthorrhoea malacophylla Xanthorrhoea media 130 00 000 0 o 000 2000 0 000000 0 60 0010 0 10 00 0 5 o 10634 66 26 0 00 Xanthosia pilosa 000 00 010 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 10032 01 05 0 00 Xylomelum pyriforme 000 00 012 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 10030 01 25 0 50 Xyris opercu1ata 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 0000 0 00 00 0 0 o 00000 00 00 0 56 Zehneria cunninghamii 000 00 000 0 o 000 0000 0 000000 0 00 2005 0 00 53 0 5 o 00000 00 00 0 00 Zieria arborescens 000 00 000 0 o 000 0020 8 001000 0 00 0100 0 00 00 0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 00 Zieria smithii 000 00 000 0 o 030 0240 0 001000 0 00 0000 0 20 00 0 0 0 00002 00 00 0 00

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 90 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO.3S APPENDIX 3

SUlvfMA.RY OFMAJOR SITE FEATURES OFFLORA SURVEYPLOTS

Date is given as YYYYMMDD. SF is State Forest, coded as: ABE=Aberdare, AWA=Awaba, CES=Cessnock, COM=Comleroy, COR=Corrabare, HEA=Heaton, MCP=McPherson, OLN=Olney, OUR=Ourimbah, POK=Pokolbin, PUT=Putty, STR=Strickland, WAT=Watagan, WYO=Wyong, YAN=Yango. Altitude (A1t) is in metres, aspect (Asp) in degrees. Top is topographic position, coded as I=summit; 2=crest; 3=saddle; 4=upper slope; 5=midslope; 6=lower slope; 7=simple slope; 8=f1at; 9=alluvial; lO=minor gully; 11=creek; 12=swamp or closed depression. Geol is geology (parent material), Bs=basalt, Hs=Hawkesbury sandstone, Ns=Narrabeen sediments, Pc=Permain coal measures, Pm=Pennian mudstone. MFT is mapped Forest Type from Forestry Commission ofNSW (1989). Fire and logging histories are field estimates, coded as: first digit - intensity (1 low to 3 high); digits 2-3 = age in years; digits 4-5 = accuracy; blank = fire history indeterminate, or unlogged, respectively. MORovand MORfare overstorey and floristic communities respectively, as described in the text.

Plot Date Map AMGE AMGN SF Alt Asp TopGeoI MFT Fire Log. MORov MORf

CMABE001 19930517 9132 354200 6364200 ABE 175 265 4 Pm NP 10301 10.1 1.1 CMABE002 19930517 9132 352980 6364610 ABE 65 245 8 Pm MT1 20100 10502 13 4 CMABE003 19930517 9132 352450 6365390 ABE 35 0 6 Pm MT1 20100 10803 14.1 1.1 CMABE004 19930525 9132 345930 6359880 ABE 110 275 5 Pm MTl 10402 10502 12.1 1.1 CMABE005 19930525 9132 348300 6361600 ABE 116 115 4 Pm MT1 20301 21203 12.1 1.1 CMAWAOOl 19930526 9131 353350 6345103 OLN 250 160 5 Pc 26 11005 2 .... 3 12.1 CMAWA002 19930816 9132 358600 6348000 AWA 40 330 5 Pc MT1 20100 2 .... 18.1 19.1 CMAWA003 19940905 9232 360100 6348180 AWA 90 0 1 Pc MTl 10702 20.1 19.1 CMAWA004 19940905 9232 360000 6349650 AWA 70 10 4 Pc MT1 10301 21803 20.1 19.1 CMBB02.3 19940905 9131 351130 6347350 WAT 280 310 5 Ns 37 10301 34010 7 6.1 CMBB03.3 19930427 9131 348950 6316200 OUR 30 335 5 Ns 37 21003 12005 7 6.3 CMBB04.3 19930818 9131 326930 6320480 MCP 220 150 5 Ns 37 21203 35010 7 9.1 CMBBR1.3 19930526 9131 349530 6346980 WAT 370 110 4 Ns 37 20803 20803 7 6. : CMBBR2.3 19930328 9131 351200 6337980 OLN 140 110 4 Ns 37 20502 21003 11.1 17 CMBBR3.3 19930526 9131 352810 6344760 OLN 70 185 5 Ns 37 21505 11505 7 6.1 CMBBR4.2 19930324 9131 346880 6340190 OLN 290 30 5 Ns 37 10803 20401 7 6.3 CMCES001 19930517 9132 348680 6372700 CES 75 0 8 Pm MT1 10201 11505 13 4 CMCES002 19930517 9132 349860 6371450 CES 95 150 5 Pm NP 20602 13 5 CMCOM001 19930420 9032 293550 6303910 COM 80 280 6 Hs 21505 13510 7 14.1 CMCOM002 19930420 9032 293650 6302300 COM 205 220 4 Hs 20803 18.1 19.4 CMCOM003 19930420 9032 293340 6302610 COM 130 185 11 Hs 6 14.2 CMCOM004 19930420 9032 293230 6303610 COM 120 90 5 Hs 21205 13510 7 6.1 CMCOM005 19930420 9032 293380 6304440 COM 205 240 4 Hs 20402 16 20.1 CMCOR001 19930527 9132 332700 6356500 COR 235 160 4 Ns 105 20702 19.1 3.1 CMCOR002 19930527 9132 332640 6356950 COR 135 315 11 Ns 105 13010 16010 6 14.1 CMCOR003 19930527 9132 333230 6351650 COR 360 320 4 Ns 121 10301 19.2 3.3 CMCOR004 19940906 9132 334880 6348600 COR 330 270 4 Ns 121 10401 22505 12.2 9.5 CMCOR005 19940906 9132 332600 6350530 COR 440 0 2 Ns 234 11003 19.2 19.4 CMDH01.3 19930322 9131 349150 6334690 OLN 200 15 5 Ns 60 20201 14010 14.2 7.1 CMDH02.3 19930330 9131 335160 6343650 OLN 320 210 5 Ns 121 20502 20.2 1.1 CMDH03.3 19930519 9132 327080 6362180 POK 335 60 4 Ns 11204 19.1 1.1 CMDH04.3 19930525 9132 331390 6356110 COR 320 115 5 Ns 62/121 10803 12.2 9.5 CMDHR1.3 19930324 9131 339330 6332400 OLN 300 350 5 Ns 121 20201 20602 20.2 9.3 CMDHR2.3 19930518 9132 331240 6367380 POK 405 30 4 Ns 121 10502 20603 15.1 9.6 CMDHR3.3 19930428 9131 348450 6311610 OUR 130 30 2 Ns 60 21003 20803 8.3 9.3 CMDHR4.3 19930322 9131 349850 6334100 OLN 120 200 5 Ns 60 21505 30902 8.3 7.1 CMDL01.3 19930818 9131 332000 6315080 MCP 250 80 5 Hs 20802 18.3 20.2 CMDL02.2 19930427 9131 340550 6318000 OUR 305 110 7 Hs 117 20000 20.1 20.2 CMDL03.3 19930517 9132 331560 6371000 POK 485 270 4 Ns 117 20803 17.1 3.2 CMDL04.3 19930518 9132 332950 6368980 POK 420 235 2 Ns 106 10301 15010 17.1 3.2 CMDLR1.3 19930519 9132 328340 6365500 POK 410 10 4 Ns 10802 11004 15.1 1.1 CMDLR2.3 19930518 9132 330360 6367830 POK 480 195 4 Ns 117 10803 12005 15.1 3.2 CMDLR3.3 19930519 9132 331790 6367830 POK 450 240 5 Ns 106 11002 20503 19.2 3.2 CMDLR4.3 19930323 9131 346100 6338480 OLN 395 260 10 Hs 113 20201 30401 18.2 9.1 CMHEA001 19930526 9132 355690 6350990 HEA 430 190 5 Ns TSI 23001 '33010 9.1 12.2 CMHEA002 19930526 9132 355500 6351590 HEA 400 20 5 Ns TSI 10402 8.3 7.1 CMHEA003 19930811 9232 362580 6356860 HEA 50 0 10 Pc MT1 11005 12005 2 15.1 CMHEA004 19930811 9232 360100 6355000 HEA 70 130 4 Pc MT1 10401 14010 20.2 19.1 CMHEA006 19941012 9232 362600 6356130 HEA 70 160 2 Pc MT1 20100 20.1 19.1 , CMMCP001 19930817 9131 328850 6318380 MCP 220 225 4 Hs 119/23410401 21.1 20.2 CMMCP002 19930817 9131 328850 6318880 MCP 220 65 6 Ns 52 21505 15010 9.3 6.1 CMMCP003 19930817 9131 325380 6318830 MCP 210 310 4 Hs 100/23420301 16 21.1

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 91 Plot Date Map AMGE AMGN SF Alt Asp Top GeoI MFT Fire Log. MORov MORf

CMMCP004 19930817 9131 327500 6318700 MCP 200 285 12 Hs 107 10502 23.1 CMMCP005 19930817 9131 328150 6319000 MCP 250 160 7 Hs 41 10502 32010 20.1 20.2 CMMCP006 19941012 9131 324830 6320600 MCP 220 80 4 Hs 20100 23 19.3 CMMCP007 19941013 9131 329780 6319000 MCP 180 150 5 Hs 36 21003 15010 7 6.1 CMHCP008 19941013 9131 329550 6319280 MCP 230 235 5 Hs 105 10201 11803 19.3 19.2 CMMCP009 19941013 9131 327900 6315900 MCP 210 270 12 Hs 231 10401 23.2 CMMCP010 19941013 9131 328650 6315900 MCP 260 290 4 Hs 119 10401 20.1 20.2 CMMH01.3 19930816 9132 356830 6350500 AWA 140 120 5 Pc 46 12505 15010 9.3 12.3 CMMH02.3 19930818 9131 334580 6328800 OLN 270 185 5 Ns 52 11503 9.1 12.3 CMMH03.3 19930329 9131 340850 6345550 WAT 300 225 5 Ns 52 21505 13510 11. 2 12.3 CMMH04.3 19930525 9132 332110 6353740 COR 280 110 5 Ns 52 21505 9.3 12.3 CMMHR1.3 19930518 9132 330950 6366790 POK 385 170 5 Ns 46 21505 21005 8.2 7.3 CMMHR2.3 19930525 9132 333550 6351250 COR 360 270 5 Ns 52 22005 10805 9.1 7.3 CMMHR3.3 19930324 9131 345540 6340730 OLN 370 360 5 Ns 52 21003 20803 8.1 7.2 CMMHR4.3 19930331 9131 333530 6336530 OLN 260 230 5 Ns 52 22005 20501 9.3 12.4 CMOLN001 19930323 9131 338250 6342250 OLN 500 120 5 Bs 52 22005 14010 9.4 15.2 CMOLN002 19930323 9131 337980 6342280 OLN 620 120 4 Bs 60 10401 24 10 CMOLN003 19930324 9131 340450 6336680 OLN 330 5 4 Ns 60 21203 12005 8.1 7.2 CMOLN004 19930324 9131 339580 6338700 OLN 380 0 1 Ns 113 20100 11002 18.4 11.1 CMOLN005 19930324 9131 340880 6335450 OLN 190 50 6 Ns 52 22510 9.2 14.1 CMOLN006 19930330 9131 343930 6331130 OLN 160 275 5 Ns 60 21505 20.2 9.3 CMOLN007 19930329 9131 349580 6336530 OLN 210 190 5 Ns 37 10201 14010 7 7.1 CMOLN008 19930330 9131 342980 6336450 OLN 280 245 4 Ns 60 20802 11003 8.1 7.2 CMOLN009 19930330 9131 340630 6340800 OLN 410 150 5 Ns 60 21505 10803 8 CMOLN010 19930330 9131 338600 6340430 OLN 425 75 5 Ns 52 22010 24010 9.1 12.2 CMOLN011 19930330 9131 334730 6340910 OLN 405 330 4 Ns 113 10201 20.2 3.3 CMOLN012 19930331 9131 345180 6339200 OLN 340 35 4 Hs 117 20201 31005 18.3 19.5 CMOLN013 19930331 9131 333550 6338400 OLN 340 300 4 Ns 113 20502 20.2 19.5 CMOLN014 19930331 9131 335480 6334030 OLN 300 40 5 Ns 121 20302 13010 12.2 9.5 CMOLN015 19930331 9131 333750 6331730 OLN 345 100 4 Hs 117 20803 13010 20.1 20.2 CMOLN016 19930818 9131 334680 6329150 OLN 310 215 4 Hs 117 10100 18.2 9.3 CMOLN017 19940905 9131 355180 6346000 OLN 210 80 5 Ns 76 10401 25010 10.1 9.4 CMOUR001 19930427 9131 344480 6313930 OUR 70 150 11 Ns 52 4.2 13 CMOUR002 19930427 9131 342750 6316550 OUR 185 165 6 Ns 52 13010 1 16 CMOUR003 19930427 9131 342880 6316740 OUR 24'5 50 2 Ns 121 20803 24010 12.2 9.3 CMOUR004 19930428 9131 347750 6313970 OUR 160 120 4 Ns 70 10301 12005 10.1 9.3 CMOUR005 19930428 9131 343700 6313530 OUR 195 5 5 Hs 37 10702 14010 9.1 6.2 CMOUR006 19930428 9131 345540 6311300 OUR 110 90 5 Ns 52 21203 25010 9.1 12.3 CMOUR007 19930428 9131 342130 6315280 OUR 265 150 2 Hs 113 21003 14005 18.1 19.5 CMPOK001 19930518 9132 329330 6366400 POK 230 70 6 Ns 46 11205 24010 9.2 14.1 CMPOK002 19930518 9132 328600 6366750 POK 260 80 10 Ns 46 12005 6 12.:" CMPOK003 19930518 9132 336080 6371830 POK 280 285 4 Ns 21205 16 21.1 CMPOK004 19930518 9132 336000 6371650 POK 305 30 2 Ns S 21205 10.2 1.2 CMPOK005 19930519 9132 323530 6372390 POK 270 295 5 Ns 12005 15.2 2.1 CMPOK006 19930519 9132 323080 6371800 POK 320 140 4 Ns 20201 14.1 2.2 CMPOK007 19930519 9132 323590 6371850 POK 450 0 1 Ns 21505 25 22 CMPOK008 19930519 9132 324230 6370500 POK 420 240 4 Ns 10502 14.2 1.2 CMPOK009 19940822 9132 324940 6361500 POK 140 190 11 Ns 21003 6 14.1 CMPOK010 19940822 9132 325300 6362550 POK 350 130 4 Ns 20401 17 .2 3.2 CMPOK011 19940822 9132 324220 6362780 POK 225 65 5 Ns 21505 9.1 7.4 CMPOK012 19940823 9132 322750 6362700 POK 230 80 6 Ns 10803 9.1 14.1 CMPOK013 19940823 9132 320180 6365230 POK 350 170 2 Ns 10301 17.1 1.3 CMPOK014 19940823 9132 320860 6365680 POK 375 310 4 Ns 10301 15.2 1.1 CMPUT001 19930419 9032 287230 6365780 PUT 220 145 9 Ns 11205 14010 9.4 18 CMPUT002 19930419 9032 286450 6366220 PUT 350 50 4 Ns 20201 15.2 2.1 CMPUT003 19930419 9032' 285510 6365210 PUT 330 330 4 Ns 21005 14.1 21.1 CMPUT004 19930419 9032 285540 6364540 PUT 410 300 2 Ns 21005 16 21.2 CMPUT005 19930510 9032 274830 6369150 PUT 540 125 5 Ns 20803 13010 18.2 7.3 CMPUT006 19930510 9032 275030 6369930 PUT·520 30 11 Ns 4.2 13 CMPUT007 19930510 9032 274930 6370250 PUT 600 25 4 Ns 10401 17 .1 3.3 CMPUT008 19940908 9032 272250 6372950 PUT 620 180 10 Ns 14010 4.2 13 CMPUT009 19940908 9032 273030 6372000 PUT 720 140 2 Ns 10201 17 .1 3.2 CMPUT010 19940908 9032 272500 6372580 PUT 600 65 6 Ns 10201 9.1 6.2 CM PUT 011 19940908 9032 272730 6372780 PUT 700 100 4 Ns 10201 18.5 11.2 CMPUT012 19940909 9032 276530 6377050 PUT 660 320 4 Ns 10201 17 .1 3.2 CMPUT013 19940909 9032 276730 6376380 PUT 620 135 5 Ns 11505 5 14 .1 CMPUT014 19940909 9032 277750 6375750 PUT 600 260 4 Ns 10201 17 .1 3.2 CMPUT015 19940909 9032 278200 6376530 PUT 520 240 5 Ns 10201 18.4 11.2 CMRL1.3 19930331 9131 334300 6335310 OLN 170 1 6 Ns 52 25020 5 14.1 CMRL2.3 19930525 9132 347260 6348800 WAT 160 335 11 Ns 46a 11505 11003 9.3 14.1 CMRS1.4 19930526 9132 350650 6350400 WAT 380 230 6 Ns 52 22010 25010 9.1 12.2 CMRS2.3 19930323 9131 337160 6339210 OLN 320 300 11 Ns 52 24010 4.1 13 CMSG01.3 19930526 9131 353790 6344430 WAT 110 75 4 Ns 70 10301 14010 10.1 9.3 CMSG02.3 19930323 9131 351640 6326930 OLN 120 20 5 Ns 70 20100 11.1 9.3 CMSG03.3 19930816 9131 345380 6321930 WYO 160 355 5 Ns 70 20502 25020 10.1 9.4

FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SmITH WALES 92 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO..35 Plot Date Map AMGE AMGN SF Alt Asp TopGeoI MFf Fire Log. MORov MORf

CMSG04.3 19930811 n32 360900 6356850 HEA 350 220 5 Pc MT2 10803 19.2 9.2 CMSGR1.3 19930816 9131 344730 6323030 mo 200 240 4 Ns 70 12005 10803 10.1 9.3 CMSGR2.3 19930517 9132 332980 6373300 POK 530 45 4 Ns 70a 20502 11005 10.1 9.6 CMSGR3.2 19930517 9132 332580 6372950 POK 520 130 4 Ns 70a 21005 21205 11.2 7.1 CMSGR4.3 19930519 9132 329280 6371050 POK 480 320 4 Ns 70a 20502 21003 10.1 1.1 CMSTR001 19940901 9131 343330 6306380 STR 160 0 2 Hs 11003 21. 2 20.1 CMSTR002 19940901 9131 343900 6306030 STR 80 45 5 Ns 12005 13010 8.2 12.3 CMSTR003 19940901 9131 344250 6306180 STR 30 290 6 Ns 23505 15010 9.2 13 CMSTR004 19940901 9131 344700 6306200 STR 160 295 4 Hs 20301 20.1 20.2 CMWAT001 19930329 9131 342700 6344830 \'lAT 390 65 4 Ns 70 20502 21005 12.2 9.5 CM\'lAT002 19930329 9131 345330 6343190 \'lAT 390 190 4 Ns 52 23010 34010 9.1 12.2 CM\'lAT003 19940905 9131 348500 6347180 \'lAT 410 135 5 Ns 36 10201 23005 8.2 12.3 CM\'lAT004 19940906 9132 335450 6351530 \'lAT 370 45 5 Ns 23 9.1 12.1 CM\'lAT005 19940906 9132 334500 6352230 \'lAT 430 350 5 Ns 115 10301 32505 12.2 9.5 CM\'lAT006 19940906 9132 335080 6352630 \'lAT 440 280 5 Ns 74/121 10301 11505 10.1 9.4 CMYANOOl 19930528 9132 321860 6354150 YAN 290 200 5 Ns 20100 13 4 CMYAN002 19930528 9132 321150 6353430 YAN 325 0 1 Ns 10100 17.1 2.1 CMYAN003 19930528 9132 321510 6353330 YAN 180 110 5 Ns 11505 22 14.1 CMYAN004 19930528 9132 321730 6353500 YAN 140 0 9 Ns 12000 15010 9.4 15.2

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, MORISSET FORESTRY DISTRICT, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 35 CENTRAL REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 93 FIG RE 3.4 o o 'i} WOllEMI NATIONAL f\OJl~ o ISSET o E VI 0 ME TAL IMPACT STATEMENT o THE PROPOSAL

SCALE 1 : 375000

0246810! -- 20km

Environmental Impact Statement Boundary Management Area Boundary Sydney-Newcastle Freeway Major Road Drainage o Private Land and Other Tenure o National Park and Other Reserve o Water ~ Crown-timber land (included in the proposal) o Other Crown land

PMP CATEGORIES

Area (ha) % o 1.1.1 General Natural Forest 67,484 60.1 1.1.2 Recreation 1,049 0.9

1.1.3 Education 482 0.4 1.1.4 Research 170 0.2 D 1.1.5 Catchment Protection 19,243 17.1 1.1.6 Visual Resource Protection 9,950 8.9 - 1.1.7 Flora & Fauna Protection 10,260 9.1 1.1.8 Historical Values 104 0.1 0 1.3 Preserved Natural Forest 747 0.7 1.4.1 Native Plantation 2,177 1.9 - 1.4.4 Native Plantation - Research 64 0.1 0 3.1 Cleared Land 18 0.0

ENTRANCE 3.2 Special Development 601 0.5

STA TE FORESTS tN -c. GIS Brlllch HAWKESBURYRIVER I

o Copyright Novem ber, 1995. State Forests of NSW. ------J The Research Division produces publications in Technical Paper, Research Paper and Forest Resources Series.

Copies and further information are available from:

Publications Officer Research Division State Forests of NSW NSW PO Box 100 Beecroft NSW 2119

Tel. (02) 872 0111 Fax. (02) 871 6941