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Att Konstruera En Kontinent

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Att Konstruera En Kontinent Historiska institutionen Uppsala universitet Att konstruera en kontinent Om den Europeiska Sociala Rörelsen och en mycket annorlunda Europatanke. Magisteruppsats i historia, 30 hp. Av John Frölander Handledare: Lars M. Andersson Seminarieledare: Mikael Byström Ventileringsdatum: 26/09/13 Innehållsförteckning Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduktion ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1:1. Vuxna män gör saker tillsammans – En bakgrund ......................................................................................................... 5 1:2. Syfte ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 I:2. Disposition .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9 2. Tidigare Forskning och en begreppsbestämning............................................................................................................ 9 2:1. Underrättelsearbete i antifascismens tjänst – Engdahl, NSR och ESB ..................................................................... 12 2:2. Mosley, BUF, Bardéche och ESB..................................................................................................................................... 17 3. Teori: Ideologin som semantiskt fält – Michael Freedens ideologimodell ........................................................... 20 3:1. Det bestridbara politiska begreppet ................................................................................................................................. 22 3:2. Logisk och kulturell närhet ................................................................................................................................................ 24 3:3. Ideologins anatomi .............................................................................................................................................................. 25 3:4. Delsammanfattning ............................................................................................................................................................. 27 4. Frågeställning ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28 5. Om materialet ............................................................................................................................................................................ 29 5:1. Nation Europa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 5:1:1. Vem skriver? ............................................................................................................................................................. 31 5:2. Övrigt material ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32 6. Medologiska följder .................................................................................................................................... 33 6:1. Freeden och Griffin – Förenliga? ..................................................................................................................................... 37 6:2. Det kommande Europa ..................................................................................................................................................... 38 7. Nation Europas begreppsvärld ............................................................................................................................................ 38 7:1. Språkackommodation eller särartstanke? – En adjektivattributens begreppsapparat ............................................. 38 7:2. Organismen och kulturen .................................................................................................................................................. 43 8. Att konstruera en kontinent – Europabegreppet ........................................................................................................... 48 8:1. Europas tillblivelse och det första riket ........................................................................................................................... 49 8:2. Europas gränser och den store andre .............................................................................................................................. 53 8:3. Västliga bekymmer – Amerika och Commonwealth .................................................................................................... 58 8:4. Lebensraum Afrika .............................................................................................................................................................. 60 8:5. Europabegreppet: en delsammanfattning ....................................................................................................................... 63 9. Praktiskt omsättande och åsikter om Strasbourg .......................................................................................................... 64 9:1. Nationen Europas ändamål och syften ........................................................................................................................... 65 9:2. Irredentism och landåterställning ..................................................................................................................................... 66 9:3. Europeiska integrationsmodeller ...................................................................................................................................... 67 10. En sammanfattande Freedeniansk uppställning ......................................................................................................... 68 10:1. Ideologins kärna ................................................................................................................................................................ 69 10:2. Omkrets .............................................................................................................................................................................. 70 10:3. Periferi och marginal ........................................................................................................................................................ 71 10.4 Illustration av Nation Europa-ideologins begreppsvärld efter Freedens modell ...................................................... 73 11. Avslutande diskussion ........................................................................................................................................................... 74 12. Bilaga .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 77 13. Käll- och litteraturförteckning ............................................................................................................................................ 84 2 Abstract By the end of the 1940s- and the beginning of the 1950s, several factions within European confessed to a new ideology in which the old darwinistic struggle between races and nation-states was sized up into a conflict of cultures or civilizations. Strong antifascist sentiment and de- nazification programs had rendered most European fascist groups weak, but with increasing weakness followed an increased interest in cross-national collaboration. These two developments – ideological and organizational – culminated in an attempt to create a united front at series of international conferences in Italy and Sweden in 1950 and 1951 respectively. Though riddled by schisms and disagreement, the movement gave birth to a multinational organization known as the Europeische Soziale Bewegung, or ESB, represented in most European countries outside of the Soviet control sphere. With this thesis I sketch a broad image of the ideology that was produced by the ESB and its associated groups in the early 1950s, mainly through the study of the magazine Nation Europa which during those years served as the movement’s most prominent ideological hothouse, and to a lesser degree, through the study of pamphlets, letters, protocols and similar archive material connected to the movement. Employing the ideology-model of Michael Freeden, the analysis revolves around key political concepts and how they semantically and structurally interconnect and form the worldview and political vision of ideologies. The most significant political concept to this study is that of Europe or “Nation Europa” – Europe-a-nation, generally regarded as the key defining element within eurofascist ideology. Made to fit the political reality cold war, the concept of Europe-a-nation was neither strictly fascist by Italian standards nor national socialist, though honing the latter through vestiges of racial ideology and the former with a more inclusive notions
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