T,Elrr Chorus of 100 Yoices
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106 The Children Sang t07 STEPrIEN.!J $tephens' 0rand 0pem Company frnil{il 0PERA C0 4\r'ttt.tzArOIItttut.rrontT!_ \Yrlt p.rtotu rhc frrEdrc EDf,rrall , f . -, lDcr:. }{ILT'|AIiY O I).IJIf,.A, TII IOIII|IAil IIAI ! T[f ilAU0HT[R of the nil0tilfiNT tot,"oiJiinetrnn _ t\ Tttc_ 8trLT LAKE THEATBE Saturdry lfternJJ & Chapter 6 Evcoias, .tUNE irrtr. 0n Saturday aud tondat, ililt(,ll ifu tt,il,lill, l. And londay f,veoing =-- JUNE rtttr. lrcosTurts itw AXD tLtcArT.lE *tftr ttrt: r-Ottoq-IXC C.rrt: Caa._a A-b.l-, {Golrt!.r .,1 | t-o'-' G r.rrrr<l Fia.trrr.rkry )|I rr,t t".,illll?'"--,,0"n f,lili I irrr.c__1| Ug, Ir.nr. ttonsr?r'. TLrtn irt.L rjr 8cr Ollicc rsonr", -,l"'€,u"#t"o I Op.r Frld.r, ,O a. a. The Tabernacle Choir D.rlt.hoot.,"0,.r.,,no,,ri:l;,*"ttt' I ni:n:,i ;:"?;f :?i*;"i;"T:tl I r:::::,11,1n f '.*f, is*$i I I rFTFIrr{_.}t,Elrr Chorus of 100 Yoices. I __,t. In 1850 Brigham Young requested Welsh convert John Parry Thealre 0rchestra tnlargec tl |.:_ I aF UsO,rL tttEATRt n.\Tl:g. I to organize a small choir to sing at the April General Conference h,"c. tnr- ttruocclG, .rc. .nrrtc torn*-ad.cau.so .rrr, I I his tc, ETrcPRErs. I in the old Bowery in Salt Lake City. Parry enlisted some of l crc!3a jq6 Cor<tuctor. l. : Welsh friends as a nucleus of the group and unofficially, from that quiet beginning, the Tabernacle Choir evolved over the years, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, singing first in the Old Tabernacle and then in the new, larger WgDNESpAY,_OCTOBER 9. buitding which is used today. Since that time the choir has served SEC0ffi SilTS Etnlt 0I l0fDty, :,".f.l*li'lil$*,1;.i*.i1 the church well, and contributed much to missionary efforts worldwide through radio and television broadcasts and many concert tours, including the Soviet Union in 1991. Advertisement for three operas Many nalnes should be mentioned as conductors of the choir: produced by George Careless from 1865 to 1880; Ebenezer Beesley 1865 to Stephens Opera Conrpany: 1890; Evan Stephens 1890 to 1916; A.C. Lund 1916 to 1935; J. Bohemian Girl, June 1888. Spencer Comwall 1935 to l95l ;Richard P. Condi e 1951 to 197 4: Daughter of the Regiment, March Jay Welch 1914; Jerold Ottley 1974 to the present writing. A and April 1889. number of assistant conductors have also served including C.J. Martha, June and October 1889. Thomas, Robert Sands, John J. McClellan, Horace EnsignJr., and Left: many others. Adverti sement for sensational Ebenezer Beesley directed the Salt Lake Tabernacle Choir Gilntore Concerts in during one of the most difficult periods of its history-the bitter Salt Lake Tabernacle, crusade of the Federal Government against the Mormons in- October and November 1889. volved in polygamy. As Beesley completed his telrn in the fall of 108 The Children Sang Chapter 6 109 1890: "The older members of the choir were moving away, and a As he said in 1895: lot of the male members were in jail. Quartets from the choir used to go to the penitentiary to cheer them up. Those who weren't Musically, my chief delight would be in incarcerated were either in hiding or on missions. Many of the composition did my many duties give me leisure to ladies, having to raise families, were unable to continue their follow it. Were it not for my great love and singing careers. I admiration for musical works, in the rendition of The decline in choir membership contributed to what the First which I take delight, conducting and chorus Presidency rec ognized as a deteri oration in qu ality of performance, training, and teaching generally would be unbear- and prompted a change of conductors. able to me. I believe I have no love for public work, and quite often has personal attachment to my Ebenezer Beesley was keenly aware of the singers been the only means of tiding over a spell insufficiencies of the Tabernacle Choir, and in this of strong desire to withdraw frompublic labor, and connection experienced the customary delicate devote myself to my own musical thoughts.4 dilemma of the leader of nearly every Church choral group: How to harness and blend those very Despite his personal reservations, Stephens accepted the call willing, but less than artistically professionals, from the First Presidency and assumed charge of the Salt Lake without hurting their feelings? To those less dis- Tabernacle Choir 1 November of that year. As Eben ezet Beesley's cerning, and notmusically sophisticated, the choir, Successor, he became a magnet for the younger generation, many as a whole, was splendid; but to the true music of whom had been in his classes and who were not involved in the critic, it was not peerless. struggle over polYgamY. As Stephens approached his new assignment, he was quick to After the April 1884 Annual conference, Beesley wrote some realizethat his first task was to increase the number and quality of of his feelings about the choir's perforrnance. He called it an singers. He felt the needs of the church and community would be ordeal because the choir was required to furnish too many selec- met only through the organ izati onof " great c hoirs, mas s iv e choral tions with insufficientrehearsal time. He felt the singers kept well societies, male choruses, ladies' choirs, children's choruses in tune, due in part to changes made in the Tabernacle Organ. numbering thousands, musical festivals, musical contests, schools Their deficiency in execution he felt was due to the incapability of of music, music taught systematically in the State and public some members who had been recommended by other members schools, great congregational singing of Latter-day Saint music but were not of adequate proficiency. He determined to henceforth and songs, not only by the people at home, but eventually by the test the voice and capability of each new applicant. 2 world at large." According to John James, a writer for the Deseret News, in He visuahzed "all the world streaming through the land of 1890 he and Heber Goddard had praised the skill and enthusiasm Zionto enjoy and admire, as foreseen by the older prophets: 'The of Evan Stephens to Apostle Moses Thatcher of the church music Songs of Zion'to become something more than a name." In 1890 committee and suggested that he should be named choir director. he could scarcely dream of having his singers travel from coast to Stephens was unhappy that the two men had recommended him coast giving concerts and attracting favorable comments for his because he wanted his work, alone, to represent him, rather than church.5 someone's "boasting" about him. 3 Beezley's problems with membership persisted through Evan 110 The Children Sang Chapter 6 11 1 Stephens's years with the choir, but as a strong disciplinarian he organ; "The Wife to The Husband," soprano solo; and motet, made tremendous strides in solving them. Within six months after "God of Israel," for three soloists, choir, quartet and organ. The assuming control of the choir, he had almost doubled the number balance of the program included two operatic arias, instrumental of singers to 300. numbers by the Salt Lake Mandolin and Guitar Club, a string Thomas Griggs wrote in his journal of 27 October 1890 that quartet and violinist W.E. Weihe. s he had been to choir practice and that Evan Stephens was "in full As the Choir grew in size, Stephens determined that the west conffol and vigorous." Apparently the Professor had started to end of the Tabernacle would need to be remodeled to accomodate conduct even before his official date of the first of November. He more singers. The First Presidency was supportive of the project, continued with his teaching of children's classes and conducted and under direction of Joseph D. Young, the church architect, the Choral Society along with some participation in commercial additional seats were installed, financed jointly by the church and business over the next few years. Remuneration for directing the from funds raised by the choir through concerts. The acoustics of choirwas not sufficientforalivelihood, andhad to be suplemented. the building were improved in the process so that the hanging Ebenezer Beesley, Stephens's predecessor, after his parting acoustical decorations could be removed. A side organ was still from the choir "could not but help feel a little blue about his used on occasion to keep the choir in tune with the large organ release " He had devoted his life to music, but found that which the singers could not hear well. Ebenezer Beesley used a maintaining an income was difficult without his conductor's small orchestra for this purpose. salary. Teaching was his only alternative. The same problems Musical growth in Utah in the nine years since Evan Stephens faced Evan Stephens in 1916 upon his release.6 had moved to SaltLake City was enumerated in an article clipped Continuing his feverish pace of activity, in January 1891 from the Brooklyn, N.Y. Eagle and reprinted in the Deseret News- Stephens published two anthems, thefirst avigorous choirnumber, Of course one man did not achieve this by himself. There were "Let the Mountains Shout for Joy," which he had composed for many prominent musicians working toward the same goals, but the Logan choir, and which makes use of a quartet in the second Stephens was the catalyst and major influence with church au- part.