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Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized IT Skills Gap in Belarus Establishment of a new ICT capacity-building program in Belarus Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted To: World Bank Project Team Sandra Sargent [email protected] Juan Navas-Sabater [email protected] Submitted By: JSC ‘Civitta BY’ Daniel Krutzinna, Team Lead +375 44 7 412 412 [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized September 12, 2018 List of abbreviations Belarus The Republic of Belarus BNTU Belarusian National Technical University BSEU Belarus State Economic University BSTU Belarus State Technology University BSU Belarusian State University BSUIR Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics CSN Computer Systems and Networks EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ECTS European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System EHEA European Higher Education Area EU European Union FRCT Faculty of Radiophysics and Computer Technologies GDP Gross Domestic Product GoB Government of Belarus HEI Higher Educational Institution HR Human Resources HTP High Technology Park ICT Information and Communication Technology IT Information Technology ITRF Information Technologies and Robotics Faculty KTNET Korea Trade Network NTPS National Paperless Trade System OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development R&D Research and Development STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics List of figures Figure 1: Structure of employment in the ICT sector in Belarus (2014), people .................................. 10 Figure 2: Total number and the demand for IT specialists in Belarus (2012–2016) people, thousands .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 3: Companies’ intentions to hire new employees in the next three to four months, percentage of surveyed companies ......................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 4: Companies’ intentions to hire new employees in the next three years, percentage of surveyed companies ............................................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 5: The most demanded specialists in IT companies, percentage of companies ........................ 13 Figure 6: Average revenue per employee comparison (US$, thousands) ............................................ 14 Figure 7: Companies’ shares in number of employees and revenues comparison, percentage .......... 15 Figure 8: Business lines of HTP residents, percentage of respondents ................................................ 16 Figure 9: Vacancies’ structures comparison, Belarus and Finland, percentage of vacancies ............... 17 Figure 10: The most demanded skill sets in IT companies, percentage of companies ......................... 19 Figure 11: Results of the survey on the main problems in labor pool of the IT market in Belarus, percentage of respondents ................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 12: The results of the survey on the insufficient skills of IT specialists, percentage of respondents .............................................................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 13: Levels of the importance of various criteria to hire an employee, pp. based on the survey of IT companies ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 14: The most demanded specialists in real sector, percentage of companies ......................... 24 Figure 15: Industrial revolutions and future view ................................................................................ 26 Figure 16: Number of HEIs .................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 17: Levels of higher education in Belarus .................................................................................. 29 Figure 18: The student-to-population ratio per 10,000 people ........................................................... 29 Figure 19: Software developers’ segmentation by universities (2016) ................................................ 31 Figure 20: The estimation of IT graduates’ number, people ................................................................ 32 Figure 21: Results of the survey on skills of graduates and requirements of IT companies ................ 33 Figure 22: Results of the survey on possible ways to improve the quality of IT education ................ 33 Figure 23: Results of the survey on the level of the education sector’s cooperation with the IT sector .............................................................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 24: Share of the companies that provide internal training courses (percentage of the surveyed companies), their average duration (weeks), and payment terms (percentage of the surveyed companies) ............................................................................................................................................ 36 Figure 25: Share of the companies that provide external training courses (percentage of the surveyed companies), their average duration (weeks), and payment terms (percentage of the surveyed companies) ............................................................................................................................................ 36 Figure 26: Expansion of IT educational centers in Belarus, number of centers ................................... 37 Figure 27: The share of educational centers to provide the following courses, percentage ............... 38 Figure 28: Number of graduates from educational centers, 2017, people .......................................... 39 Figure 29: Number of graduates from IT companies’ training courses, 2017, people ......................... 40 Figure 30: Estimation of IT specialists’ supply and demand gap, people ............................................ 42 Figure 31: Average salaries, BYN/hour ................................................................................................. 44 Figure 32: Share of women employed in IT sphere in Belarus, percentage of total number of industry employees ............................................................................................................................................. 45 Figure 33: Share of women in ITC-industry by country and regions, 2016, percentage of total number of industry employees .......................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 34: Comparison of women in IT sphere in Belarus and international IT companies, 2014–2016, percentage of total number of industry employees ............................................................................. 46 3 Figure 35: Share of women’s employment in the IT sphere in Belarus by specialty, percentage of total number of employees ........................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 36: Share of female alumni of ICT-related faculties of Belarussian HEIs, percentage of total number of ICT-related faculties’ alumni ............................................................................................... 47 Figure 37: Gender monthly pay gap in IT industry within specialties, US$ .......................................... 48 Figure 38: The attitude of the IT sector specialists, students, and academics to the need for additional postgraduate education ........................................................................................................................ 49 Figure 39: Types of specialists, for whom the master’s program will be most in demand .................. 49 Figure 40: The preferences of IT specialists about the duration of the IT program ............................. 50 Figure 41: Key attributes of a high-quality educational program according to the opinion of specialists of education sector, IT sector, and students ........................................................................................ 51 Figure 42: Preferable share of practical classes in additional education, percentage ......................... 51 Figure 43: The disciplines considered the most important by students, IT specialists, and academics .............................................................................................................................................................. 52 Figure 44: Percentage of respondents, who consider the possibility to choose courses that they like the main attribute of a high-quality program ....................................................................................... 53 Figure 45: Structure of average curriculum of master’s programs at Belarussian universitiesa and new master’s program .................................................................................................................................. 54 Figure 46: BSU’s enrollment plan by programs, people ....................................................................... 55 Figure 47: