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Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Isoflavonoids from Iris Species

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Journal of Pharmacology & Clinical Research ISSN: 2473-5574 Review Article J of Pharmacol & Clin Res - Volume 3 Issue 2 July 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Afroze Alam DOI: 10.19080/JPCR.2017.03.555609 Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Isoflavonoids from Iris Species Disha Choudhary and Afroze Alam*1,2,3 1Institute of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, India 2Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, India 3School of Pharmacy, Shoolini University, India Submission: June 16, 2016; Published: July 13, 2017 *Corresponding author: Afroze Alam, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Jamuhar, Sasaram (Rohtas)-821305(Bihar)-India, Tel: ; Fax: ; Email: ; Abstract Iris is the largest and most complicated genus of family Iridaceae. Irises are mainly used as the ornamental plants, due to their colorful iris species species of iris have resulted in the isolation of flowers, or in the perfume industry, due to their violet like fragrance, but lot of were also used in many part of the worldsiris as medicinal plants for healing of a wide spectrum of diseases. The phytochemical investigations of various variety of secondary metabolites. Approximately more than two hundred compounds have been reported from the genus which includes flavonoids, isoflavonoids and their glycosides, benzoquinones triterpenoids and stilbenes glycosides. This genus is rich in isoflavonoidsIris which have a wide range of biological activity including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cancer chemo preventive properties. Nowadays phytochemical and pharmacological investigations bring new knowledge about chemical compounds in roots, leaves and flowers of the species, about their chemical content and possible pharmacological and medicinal usage. This review brings suchtogether as cancer, results cardiovascular of the iris research disorder, in last and few osteoporosisor decades, putting against together the bacterial the information and viral about infections. the isolation of isoflavones and their associated pharmacological activities. The reviews also signify the direct benefits of consumption of isoflavone rich-diet and reduction of various diseases Keywords: Cancer; Glycoside; Isoflavone; Iris species; Osteoporosis; Phytochemical investigation Introduction General Introduction R1 O isolated from various species of Iris. The recognition of ‘clover Isoflavones are the most well-known of the phytoestrogens disease’ in Australian sheep in the 1940s led to the investigation Trifolium subterraneum of estrogenic activity of isoflavones [1]).The sheep whose diet L., Fabaceae) suffered from a reproductive disorder that reduced was predominately subterranean clover ( the lambing rates and involved abnormal lactation, changes OH O in the sex organs, permanent infertility, prolapsed uterus and R2 Figure 1: Common structure of Isoflavones. maternal dystocia [2] Isoflavones constitute the largest group Table 1: Different Substitutions of natural isoflavone. of natural isoflavonoids with large number of new structures of traditional medicine has promoted the increasing interest in Isoflavones R R reported in every year. The occurrence of isoflavonoids in plants 1 2 the search for biologically active constituents from both legume Daidzein H OH and non-legume sources specially Iridaceae Genistein OH OH found in the family Iridaceae, in particular Iris species have a [3]. Isoflavones Biochanin A OH OCH3 Formononetin H OCH 1). 3 characteristic 5, 6, 7-trioxygenation pattern [4] (Figure 1) (Table J of Pharmacol & Clin Res 3(2): JPCR.MS.ID. 555609 (2017) 001 Journal of Pharmacology & Clinical Research Occurrence these molecules mainly isolated from Iris species Most members of the Fabaceae [12], which are species reportedOCH 3to be a rich source of isoflavones.H family contain significant HO O has found that the highest levels of genistein and daidzein HO O quantities of isoflavones. Analysis of levels in various in psoralea (Psoralea corylifolia). Various legumes including OCH3 soybean (Glycine max L.), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), OH O H3CO OCH3 alfalfa sprout (Medicago sativa L.), mung bean sprout (Vigna OH OCH3 OH O radiata Vigna unguiculata Pueraria Irigenin lobata L.), and red clover blossom and red clover sprout Tectorigenin L.), cowpea ( L.), kudzu root ( H (Trifolium pratense L.) have been studied for their estrogenic OH H HO HO O O O O HO OH OH OCH3 activity [5]. Highly processed foods made from legumes, such as H3CO H3CO OH O tofu, retain most of their isoflavone content, with the exception OCH3 biochanin A), alfalfa OH O of fermented miso, which has increased levels.Other dietary OCH3 OH (formononetin), and peanut (genistein 7-Glycoside Iridin sources of isoflavones include chick pea ( Iristectoriginin-B found in the Iridaceae family (Iris species).In plant tissue; they H ) [6]. Isoflavones are also most often occur as glycosides or their respective malonates or HO O OCH3 acetyl conjugates, rendering them even more water-soluble [7]. H3CO and disease states led to the investigation of a series of bioactive OH O Epidemiological studies indicating associations between diet OH plant compounds, called phytochemicals. Some of these non- Iristectoriginin-B Figure 2: Structure of Isoflavone from different Iris species. nutrient plant chemicals, such as phytoestrogens were shown to structurally and functionally similar to human estrogen. There Pharmacology of Isoflavones confer significant long-term health benefits. Phytoestrogens are Antioxidant and Antimicrobial (Antibacterial and Antifungal) Activity of isoflavones: Rigano Det al. are two types of phytoestrogens, the lignans and the isoflavones. genistein Soybeans are especially rich in isoflavones. They contain the glycosides genistin and daidzin. We herein report the use of this Iris pseudopumila. isoflavones and daidzein and their respective β- [13] explained theantioxidant activity of isoflavonoids Iris Chromatographic separation of a methanolic extract from and flavonoids from rhizomes of species. Iris pseudopumila aglycone (Isoflavone) as a versatile molecule isolated from Phytochemistry of Isoflavones rhizomes led to the isolation of two new natural compounds, irilone and isoscutellarein, along with determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Isolated one of the most distinctive chemical features of the genus Iris 9 isoflavonoids and 4 flavonoids. Their structures were The presence of isoflavones in rhizomes or aerial parts is [8]. using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay, irigenin and its 7-glucoside iridin in orris root, of Iris florentina. compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity One of the earliest reports on this genus was of the isoflavones with quercetin as a positive control. Irilone and kaempferol Their chemical structures were determined by Baker [9]. The rarely observed outside Iris. Within Iris showed significant antioxidant activity [13]. Rigano Det al. isoflavone irigenin has a unique substitution pattern, which is and cytotoxicity of different extracts from Iris pseudopumila accompanied by one or more related structures but particularly [14] explained comparative free radical scavenging potential , irigenin is frequently Tineo I. tectorum Maxim. Some flowers and rhizomes. in vitro antioxidant by tectorigenin, first obtained from Iris and cytotoxic activities of different extracts from Iris pseudopumila thirty other isoflavones have been described variously from The aim of this study was to evaluate the from Iris japonica Thunb (aerial parts), I. nigricans Dinsm. Tineo rhizomes species. A recent review described several new structures (rhizomes) and I. kashmiriana Baker(rhizomes flowers and . The radical scavenging activity was ) [10]. Finally, assessed by means of DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity was the Leguminosae and at least a dozen other dicotyledonous lipid peroxidation of liposomes. Methanolic and chloroform it should be emphasized that isoflavones, while occurring in assessed by means of two tests: bleaching of β-carotene and families, are relatively rare in the monocotyledons. There are pseudopumila of 101 and 83 µg mL , respectively. Iridaceae, in Festuca L.(Gramineae) 50 extracts from the flowers of I. showed−1 a significant and Hemerocallis L Hemerocallidaceae only two reports outside the antiradical effect with IC 50 of 18 µg mL ) and . (now ) [11] (Figure 2). As regards to lipid peroxidation, the best activity was showed−1 chloroform extract of rhizomes (IC50 33 µg mL ). The cytotoxic The unique structural pattern associated with the isoflavones by methanolic extract of flowers (IC −1 prompted us to undertake the phytochemical investigation of activity was carried out using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) How to cite this article: Disha C, Afroze A. Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Isoflavonoids from Iris Species. J of Pharmacol & Clin Res. 2017; 3(2): 002 555609. DOI: 10.19080/JPCR.2017.03.555609. Journal of Pharmacology & Clinical Research assay. The chloroform extract from rhizomes demonstrated a 50value of 0.12 mg/ good cytotoxic activity against amelanotic melanoma cancer ml followed by the aqueous extract with an IC of 57 µg mL . The results obtained 50 ml. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of isoflavone, support the ethno medical claims for the−1 plant. Al-Khateebet al may be responsible for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities cell line (C32) with an IC flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins which Iris In Vitro antimicrobial activity of Iris nigricance methanolic extract containingphenolic
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