sign in sign up
<<
Home , Acetamiprid, Chrysanthemic acid, Cyromazine, Hydramethylnon, Lufenuron

USOO8852618B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,852,618 B2 Clough (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 7, 2014

(54) INSECTICIDAL MIXTURE CONTAINING CA 2429218 A1 6, 2002 GAMMA-CYHALOTHRN CH 689326 A5 4f1995 EP O237227 A1 9, 1987 EP 0771526 A2 5, 1997 (75) Inventor: Martin Stephen Clough, Bracknell EP O988788 A1 3f2000 (GB) FR 272O230 A1 12/1995 JP 63. 126805 A2 5, 1988 (73) Assignee: Syngenta Limited, Guildford (GB) JP 63126805 A2 5, 1988 JP 63126805 5, 1998 c - r WO WO 86 O7525 A1 12, 1986 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this WO WO 93 03618 A2 3, 1993 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO WO95 229O2 A1 8/1995 U.S.C. 154(b) by 824 days. WO WO9533380 A1 12, 1995 WO WO 96 16543 A2 6, 1996 (21) Appl. No.: 12/633,063 WO WO97 06687 A1 2/1997 WO WO974O692 A1 11, 1997

(22) Filed: Dec.a V88, 2009 WO WOOOO2453 A1 1, 2000 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data US 201O/OO81714 A1 Apr. 1, 2010 Canadian Office Action (Applin. No. 2,452,515 filed: Jul. 10, 2002) mailing date Oct. 1, 2010 (pp. 1-2). Related U.S. Application Data Allen et al. Transgenic & Conventional & Weed Control Sys tems; Proceedings of the Beltwide Conference, vol. 2, 1065 (62) Division of application No. 10/484.745, filed as 1068 (1999), USA. application No. PCT/GB02/03181 on Jul. 10, 2002, Anonymous; Mixtures for Control of Insect and Acarid now Pat. No. 7,906,127. Pests, 10, 258 (Research Disclosure 25812 (1985). Benson, et al; Economics of a Tracer/Karate Z Conventional Cotton (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Program vs. BT Cotton; Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Confer ence, vol. 2, 1143-1145 (1999), USA. Jul. 25, 2001 (GB) ...... O118137.9 Bently, et al.; Fluorinated Analogues of , Pestic. Sci. 11, 156-164 (1980), England. (51) Int. Cl. Boykin et al; Economics of a Karate Z/Tracer Conventional Cotton AOIN 25/02 (2006.01) Program vs. BT Cotton: Two Year Results; Proceedings of the AOIN 53/14 (2006.01) Beltwide Cotton Conference, vol. 2, 1090-1093 (2000), USA. AOIN 53/00 (2006.01) Crop Care Australasia PTY Ltd; “Karate With Zeon Tech AOIN 25/00 (2006.01) nology’ Pamphlet (1999), Australasia. Davey, et al; Efficacy of & Lambdacyhalothrin Against (52) U.S. Cl. Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae); J. Econ. Entomol., vol. 85(6); CPC ...... A0IN 53/00 (2013.01); A0IN 25/006 2286-2290 (1992), USA. (2013.01); A0IN 25/02 (2013.01) DOW Agrosciences; "Rescue' Insecticide Label (Short Residual, USPC ...... 424/405; 424/406; 28/28: 28/89: Vapour Action Insecticide for the Knockdown of Helicoverpa spp. In 28/144; 28/229.3; 28/594 Cotton) (1999), USA. (58) Field of Classification Search Dowelanco Australia Ltd.; Details of Issue of Permit: None Methyl / Cotton / Native Budworm, Cotton Bollworm, PER292, See application file for complete search history. KP2OW206/Version 2 (1997), Australia (including Attachment 1, pp. 1-5). (56) References Cited Elzen et al.; Evaluation of Tolerance to in Tobacco Budworm & Bollworm Populations; Proceedings of the Beltwide U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Cotton Conference, vol. 2, 1289-1291 (1997), USA. Harrison, etal; Control of Lepidoptera Pests in Cotton With Intrepid 4,183,948 A 1, 1980 Huff Experimental Insecticide; Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Con 4,362,722 A 12, 1982 Stubbs 4,512.931 A 4, 1985 Robson ference, vol. 2, 1091-1092 (1977), USA 4,857,510 A 8, 1989 Knaufetal. 5,661,164 A 8, 1997 Otsu et al. (Continued) 6,159,991 A 12/2000 Saito 6,919,464 B1 7/2005 Crouse et al. Primary Examiner — Neil Levy 7,030,095 B2 4/2006 Janssen et al. 2002fO115565 A1 8/2002 Asrar et al. (57) ABSTRACT 2003. O108585 A1 6, 2003 Roe et al. 2004/O235959 A1 11/2004 Lahm et al. Mixtures containing gamma-cyhalothrin (S)-O-cyano-3- phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1- FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and another compound having insecticidal, nematicidal, acari CA 2423995 * 4, 2002 cidal, molluscicidal, fungicidal, plant growth regulating or CA 2423995 A1 4/2002 herbicidal activity are provided. Compositions containing the CA 2424.018 4/2002 CA 2424018 A1 4/2002 mixture and insecticidal methods using Such mixtures or CA 2424.096 4/2002 compositions are also provided. CA 2424096 A1 4/2002 CA 2429218 6, 2002 4 Claims, No Drawings US 8,852,618 B2 Page 2

(56) References Cited Robson et al; 1984 British Crop Protection Conference—Pests & Diseases, vol. 3, 853-857 (1984), England. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Sparks, etal; -Synergist Mixtures: Toxicity, Resistance, & Field Efficacy Toward Pyrethroid Resistant Hom Flies (Diptera: Johnson, etal; Comparison of New Insecticides for the Control of the Muscidae); Entomology Society of America, No. 0022-0493, 1567 Bollworm (Heliocoverpa zea) & Tobacco Budworm (Heliothis 1574 (1988), USA. virescens) in Arkansas; Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Confer Sullivan, etal; Insecticidal Efficacy AgainstaComplex of Fall & Beet ence, vol. 2,947-949 (1997), USA. Armyworms & Soybean Looper in S.C. Cotton; Proceedings of the Johnson, et al.; Evaluation of Nonsteroidal Ecdysone Agonists (Con Beltwide Cotton Conference, vol. 2, 1034-1036 (1999), USA. firm & Intrepid) for Control of Heliothine Species in Cotton; AAES Sun et al; Bibliographical Info. & Abstract, Resistance Special Report 198, 249-254 (2000), USA. Risk in Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) & The Johnson, et al; Management of the Heliothine Complex Using Tra Synergistic Mixture; Nanjing Nongye Daxue Xuebao (2000). ditional & New Insecticides; Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Tank; Compatibility of IWD4067 (500g/L Chlorpyrifos-Methyl EC) Conference, vol. 2, 1100-1102 (2000), USA. With Australian Cotton Insecticide Formulations; DowElanco Kerns et al; New Insecticides & Tank Mix Combinations for Worm Research Report, 1-12 (1997), Australia. Control in Lettuce; Univ. Arizona College of Agriculture Vegetable Valles etal; Temperature Effects on Cyhalothrin Toxicity in Insec Report (1999) USA. ticide-Susceptible & Resistant German (Dictyoptera: Kharboutli, et al; Outlook for Steward Insecticide for Control of Blattellidae); Florida Entomologist vol. 81(2), 193-201 (1988), USA. Cotton , 1998-1999; Arthropod Management Tests, vol. 25. Bentley et al., Fluorinated Analogues of Chrysanthemic Acid, Pestic. 261-263 (2000), USA. Sci., 1980, 11, p. 156-164. Lance et al.; Evaluation of Insecticide Treatments for Control of Davey, R.B. et al., Efficacy of Cyhalothrin and Lambdacyhalothrin Bollworm & Tobacco Budworm on Cotton; Arthropod Management Against Boopphilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), Journal of Veteri Tests, vol. 25, 267-268 (1999), USA. nary Entomology, 1992, 85(6), p. 2286-2290. Micinski etal; Efficacy of selected insecticide mixtures for control of Slosser J.E. et al., "Cotton aphid response to irrigation and crop the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex. 1994; Arthropod Manage chemicals'. Southwestern Entomologist, Mar. 2001, 26(1), p. 1-14. ment Tests, Entomological Society of America, vol. 20, 207-208 Excerpt From Compendium of Common Names; online; (1995), USA (XP000617054). Retrieved on Jan. 24, 2012. Panetal; Bibliographical Info. & Abstract, Ternary Complex Insec Tomlin, CDS., Excerpt From “The Pestocode Manual, Twelfth Edi ticide for Killing Mites & Insects, CN 1096632; Patent Application tion', British Crop Protection Council, Copyright 2000. No. CN 93-107362 (1994). Excerpt From AG ChemNew Compound Review, vol. 20, 2002. Papa, etal; Efeito DeNovo Inseticida (Avaunt 150), No Controle Da Excerpt From AG ChemNew Compound Review, vol. 19, 2001. Lagarta Rosada, Pectinophora gossypiella Bentley et al., Table titled “Isomers”, Pestic. Sc., 1980, 11, 156-64. (Lepidoptera:Gelechildae), vol. 20, 276-278 (1999), Brazil. Canadian Office Action/Request for Re-Examination to Section 48.1 Pascual, et al; Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Pests & Dis of the Patent Act for CA Patent Application No. 2452515, dated Sep. eases (3D8), 235-240 (1984), Spain. 3, 2013. Reed, et al.; Evaluation of S1812 & Pyrethroid Combinations for Schedule D Highlights of Prior Art being filed in Support of Request Management of Heliothine Larvae on Cotton, 1999; Arthropod Man for Re-Examination related to Canadian Office Action dated Sep. 3, agement Tests, vol. 25, 276 (1999), USA. 2013. Richardson, et al; XDE-225 (Gamma Cyhalothrin), A New Fully EP Decision of the Examining Division for EP Application No. 02 Resolved Pyrethroid Product D FirstYear Yield Performance; Pacific 743440.6 dated Jun. 12, 2009. Branch Entomology Society of America 85th Annual Meeting (2001), USA (One Page). * cited by examiner US 8,852,618 B2 1. 2 INSECTICDAL MIXTURE CONTAINING c) (including aryl carbamates). Such as fenoxy GAMMA-CYHALOTHRIN carb, alanycarb, , triaZamate, cloethocarb, carbo furan, furathiocarb, ethiofencarb, , thiofurox, carbo CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED Sulfan, , , , or APPLICATIONS ; d) Benzoyl ureas. Such as , novaluron, noviflumu This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/484,745, ron, teflubenzuron, , triflumuron, hexaflumu filed Oct. 22, 2004, which is a national stage of International ron, or chlorfluaZuron; Application No. PCT/GB2002/03181, filed Jul. 10, 2002, e) Organic tin compounds, such as cyhexatin, fenbutatin which claims priority to United Kingdom Application No. 10 oxide or azocyclotin; 0118137.9, filed Jul. 25, 2001, each of which are hereby f) Pyrazoles, such as tolfenpyrad, pyridaben, incorporated by reference in their entirety. and fenpyroximate; BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION g) Macrollides, such as avermectins or milbemycins, for 15 example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, milbe Field of the Invention mycin, or ; h) Hormones or pheromones; This invention relates to mixtures with insecticidal prop i) Organochlorine compounds such as , benzene erties comprising two or more active ingredients, to compo hexachloride, DDT, or ; sitions containing them and to methods of controlling j) Amidines, such as or : unwanted pests using Such mixtures or compositions. More k) Fumigant agents, such as chloropicrin, dichloropropane, particularly, the invention relates to mixtures containing methyl bromide or metam; gamma-cyhalothrin (S)-C-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1R, 1) Chloronicotinyl compounds such as diofenolan, clothiani 3R)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl din, , , thiacloprid, , cyclopropanecarboxylate and another compound having 25 or , insecticidal, nematicidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, fungi m) Diacylhydrazines, such as halofenozide, , cidal, plant growth regulating or herbicidal activity, to com chromafenozide or methoxyfenozide: positions containing the mixture and to insecticidal methods n) Diphenyl ethers, such as diofenolan or pyriproxifen; using Such mixtures or compositions. o) ; 30 p) ; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION q) Pymetrozine; r) Diafenthiuron; Compounds having insecticidal, nematicidal, acaricidal, S) Toxins of microbial origin Such as molluscicidal, fungicidal, plant growth regulating or herbi endo- or exotoxins: cidal activity are hereinafter referred to as active ingredients. 35 t) Phenylpyrazoles such as , vanilliprole, etiprole or (S)-C-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-chloro acetoprole; or 3.3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecar u) Pyridalyl. boxylate and its insecticidal activity was disclosed by Bentley In addition to the major chemical classes of pesticide listed etal, Pestic. Sci. (1980), 11(2), 156-64. above, other pesticides having particular targets may be Combining gamma-cyhalothrin and one or more further 40 employed in the mixture if appropriate for the intended utility active ingredients can provide useful biological effects Such of the mixture. For instance, selective insecticides for particu as Synergy against important pests such as Heliothis vire lar crops, for example stemborer specific insecticides (such as scens, Spodoptera littoralis and Myzus persicae. cartap) or hopper specific insecticides (such as ) There is therefore provided a mixture of gamma-cyhalo for use in rice may be employed. Alternatively insecticides or thrin and one or more further active ingredients. 45 acaricides specific for particular insect species/stages may It is preferred that the further active ingredient, other than also be included in the mixtures (for example acaricidal ovo gamma-cyhalothrin is an active ingredient having insecti larvicides, such as clofentezine, flubenzimine, hexythiaZOX cidal, nematicidal or acaricidal activity. or , acaricidal motilicides, such as or pro Examples of Suitable insecticides that may be used as a pargite; acaricides, such as acequinocyl, fenazaquin, spirodi further active ingredient in the mixture of the invention may 50 clofen, etoxazole, bromopropylate or chlorobenzilate; or be any compound selected from: growth regulators, such as , , a) . Such as , , fenvaler , chlorfluaZuron or diflubenzuron). ate, , , cyhalothrin (in particular Examples of Suitable insecticide synergists insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin), , fempropathrin, , that may be used as a further active ingredient in the mixture , fish safe pyrethroids (for example ethofenprox), 55 of the invention include piperonyl butoxide, , natural , , s-, fenfluthrin, safroxan and dodecyl imidazole. or 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-(E)-(1R,3S)-2,2- The further active ingredient is preferably one or more of dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropane thiamethoxam, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, carboxylate or any of their insecticidally active isomers; chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, profenofos, lufenuron, b) , such as, , chlorpyrifos 60 indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, pymetrozine, pirimicarb, methyl, profenofos, Sulprofos, , methyl , methidathion, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, azinphos-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, heptenophos, thiome fipronil, methoxyfenozide, chlorfenapyr, pyridaben, novalu ton, , , profenofos, triaZophos, ron, pyridalyl, propargite and piperonylbutoxide. , , , , The further active ingredient is more preferably one or chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, , , fen 65 more of thiacloprid, fipronil, methoxyfenozide, spinosad, Sulfothion, , , , pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, chlorfenapyr, pyridaben, emamectin benzoate pirimiphos-ethyl, , fosthiazate or ; and indoxacarb; or it is one or more of thiamethoxam, abam US 8,852,618 B2 3 4 ectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, profeno Examples of suitable herbicides that may be used as a fos, lufenuron, indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin. further active ingredient in the mixture of the invention may Examples of Suitable fungicides that may be used as a be any compound selected from: further active ingredient in the mixture of the invention may A. 1,2,4-triazin-5-ones such as metamitron and metribuzin be any compound selected from: B. dimethylpyrazoles such as benzofenap, pyrazolynate (E)-N-methyl-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylphenoxymethyl)phe (pyrazolate) and pyrazoxyfen. nyl-2-methoxy-iminoacetamide (SSF-129), 4-bromo-2-cy C. acylanilides Such as propanil ano-N,N-dimethyl-6-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole-1-sul D. amide herbicides such as benfluamid, bromobutide, car phonamide, C.-N-(3-chloro-2,6-Xylyl)-2- betamide, flufenacet, isoxaben, naproanilide, napropa methoxyacetamido-y-butyrolactone, 4-chloro-2-cyano-N. 10 N-dimethyl-5-p-tolylimidazole-1-sulfonamide (IKF-916, mide, naptalam, propyZamide and tebutam cyamidazosulfamid), 3-5-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-1-ethyl-1- E. amino acids and salts and esters thereof. Such as biala methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methylbenzamide (RH-7281, Zoxa phos and salts and esters thereof, glufosinate salts and mide), N-allyl-4,5,-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilylthiophene-3- esters thereof glyphosate and salts and esters thereof, and Sulfosate. carboxamide (MON65500), N-(1-cyano-1,2- 15 dimethylpropyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionamide F. aryloxypropionates, including the optically active iso (AC382042), N-(2-methoxy-5-pyridyl)-cyclopropane car mers thereof. Such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop boxamide, acibenzolar (CGA245704), alanycarb, aldimorph, butyl, diclofop & esters thereof eg methyl ester, fenox anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benomyl. aprop & esters thereof eg ethyl ester, fluazifop-butyl, biloxazol, bitertanol, blasticidin S, bromuconazole, bupiri haloxyflop and esters thereof, propaquizafop, quizalofop mate, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carbendazim chlorhy and esters thereof and quizalofop-p-tefuryl drate, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, CGA41396, G. arylanilides such as diflufenican, flamprop, flamprop-M CGA41397, chinomethionate, chlorothalonil, chlorozoli and esters thereof nate, cloZylacon, copper containing compounds Such as cop H. arylureas such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, daimu per oxychloride, copper oxyquinolate, copper Sulphate, cop 25 ron (dymron), dimefuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, per tallate and Bordeaux mixture, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, cyprodinil, debacarb, di-2-pyridyl disulphide 1, 1'-dioxide, methyldymron, metobromuron, metoXuron, monolinu dichlofluanid, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difeno ron, neburon and tebuthiuron conazole, difenZoquat, diflumetorim, O.O-di-iso-propyl-5- I. benzo-2,1,3-thiadiaZin-4-one-dioxides Such as benta benzyl thiophosphate, dimefluazole, dimetconazole, 30 dimethomorph, dimethirimol, diniconazole, dinocap, ZO dithianon, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dode J. benzoic acids such as 2.3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, morph, dodine, doguadine, edifenphos, epoxiconazole, chloramben and dicamba ethirimol, ethyl(Z)-N-benzyl-N(methyl(methyl-thioeth K. bipyridyliums such as diguat and salts thereof, and ylideneamino-oxycarbonyl)aminothio)-3-alaninate, etridi 35 paraquat and salts thereof azole, famoxadone, fenamidone (RPA407213), fenarimol, L. carbamates such as chlorpropham and propham, and fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid (KBR2738), fenpi phenylcarbamoyloxyphenyl carbamates Such as desme clonil, fempropidin, fempropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin dipham and phenmedipham hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flume M. acetamides such as acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, tover, fluoroimide, fluguinconazole, flusilaZole, flutolanil, 40 dimethachlor, dimethenamid and isomers thereof, flutriafol, folpet, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guaza metaZachlor, metolachlor and isomers thereof, preti tine, hexaconazole, hydroxyisoxazole, hymexazole, imazalil, lachlor, propachlor, propisochlor and thenylchlor. imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, N. cyclohexanediones such as alloxydim and salts thereof. ipconazole, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb (SZX0722), butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, Sethoxydim, isopropanyl butyl , isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, 45 tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim. kresoxim-methyl, LY186054, LY211795, LY248908, man O. dihalobenzonitriles such as dichlobenil coZeb, maneb, mefenoxam, mepanipyrim, mepronil, metal P. dinitrophenols such as dinoterb and dinitro ortho-cresol axyl, metconazole, metiram, metiram-zinc, metominos (DNOC) trobin, myclobutanil, neoasozin, nickel Q. diphenyl ethers such as acifluorofen and salts and esters dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-iso-propyl, nuarimol, 50 thereof, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitro ofurace, organomercury compounds, oxadixyl, oxasulfuron, fen, fluoroglycofen or salts or ester thereof, fomesafen, oXolinic acid, Oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, pefurazoate, pen lactofen and oxyfluorfen. conazole, pencycuron, phenazin oxide, phosetyl-A1, phos R. dinitroanilines such as dinitramine, ethalfluralin, phorus acids, phthalide, picoxystrobin (ZA1963), polyoxin fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine and D. polyram, probenazole, prochloraZ. procymidone, propam 55 trifluralin. ocarb, propiconazole, propineb, propionic acid, pyrazophos, S. haloalkanoic herbicides such as dalapon and trichloro pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, pyroxyfur, pyrrolnitrin, acetic acid and salts thereof quaternary ammonium compounds, quinomethionate, qui T. hydroxybenzonitrile (HBN) herbicides such as bro noxyfen, quintoZene, Sipconazole (F-155), sodium pen moxynil and ioxynil, and HBN precursors such as bro tachlorophenate, Spiroxamine, streptomycin, Sulphur, tebu 60 mofenoxim conazole, tecloftalam, teCnaZene, tetraconazole, U. hormone herbicides such as 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyace thiabendazole, thifluzamid, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)ben tic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlo Zothiazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, timibenconazole, rophenoxybutyric acid, clopyralid, dichlorprop & tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, tri dichlorprop-p, fluoroxypyr, 4-chloro-2-methoxyacetic azbutil, triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin 65 acid (MCPA), MCPA-thioethyl, 4-(4-chloro-2-meth (CGA279202), triforine, triflumizole, triticonazole, valida ylphenoxy)butyric acid (MCPB), mecoprop & meco mycin A, Vapam, VincloZolin, Zineb and Ziram. prop-p, picloram, thiazopyr and triclopyr. US 8,852,618 B2 5 6 V. imidazolinones such as imazapic, imaZamox, rmeduat chloride, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, gib imazamethabenZ-methyl, imazapyr & isopropylammo berellic acid, gibberellin A4/gibberellin A7, maleic nium salts thereof, imaZaquin and imazethapyr. hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, paclobutraZol, prohexadione W. methyl isothiocyanate precursors such as dazomet. calcium, thiadiaZuron, trinexapac ethyl and uniconazole. X. miscellaneous herbicides Such as ammonium Sulfamate, In order to apply the active ingredients to a pest, a locus of asulam, azafenidin, benazolin, benzobicyclon/benbi pest, or to a plant Susceptible to attack by a pest, or, as a clon, cinmethylin, clomaZone, difenZoquat & Salts fungicide to a plant, to a seed of a plant, to the locus of the thereof eg methyl Sulphate salt, diflufenZopyr-sodium plant or seed, to Soil or to any other growth medium, the active (SAN-835H), dimethipin, dimexyflam, diphenamid, ingredients are usually formulated into a composition which dithiopyr, epoprodan, ethofumesate, etobenzanid, flua 10 includes, in addition to the active ingredients, a suitable inert Zolate, fentraZamide, flucarbazone, flumiclorac-pentyl, diluent or carrier and, optionally, a surface active agent flumioxazin, flupoxam, flurenol-butyl, fluorochlori (SFA). SFAS are chemicals which are able to modify the done, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, hexaZinone, properties of an interface (for example, liquid/solid, liquid/air mefenacet, oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentoxaZone, or liquid/liquid interfaces) by lowering the interfacial tension pyraflufen-ethyl, pyridatol/pyridafol, pyridate, isox 15 and thereby leading to changes in other properties (for achlortole, isoxaflutole and Sodium chlorate. example dispersion, emulsification and wetting). Y. organoarsenical herbicides Such as disodium methylar In one particular aspect the present invention therefore also sonate (DSMA) and monosodium methylarsonate provides novel insecticidal compositions comprising gamma (MSMA) cyhalothrin and one or more compounds possessing insecti Z. organophosphorus herbicides Such as anilofos and fos cidal, nematicidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, fungicidal, plant amine-Sodium growth regulating or herbicidal activity, an insecticidally inert AA. phosphorothioates Such as butamifos, and carrier or diluent and, optionally, one or more surface active piperophos agents. BB. pyridaZinones such as chloridazon and norflurazon It is preferred that the ratio of gamma-cyhalothrin: other CC. pyridones such as fluridone 25 active ingredients is in the range 1:100 to 100:1 (for example DD. pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acids and salts and esters 1:10 to 10:1) weight/weight. thereof. Such as pyrithiobac-Sodium, bispyribac-So It is preferred that the composition contains at least one dium, pyriminobac-methyl and pyribenZoxim. compound other than gamma-cyhalothrin having activity EE. quinolinecarboxylic acids such as quimerac and quin against insects, acarines, or nematodes. clorac 30 It is preferred that all compositions (both solid and liquid FF. herbicide antidotes Such as benoxacor, cloquintocet formulations) comprise, by weight, 0.0001 to 95%, more mexyl, dichlormid, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, preferably 1 to 85%, for example 5 to 60%, of active ingre fluxofenim, furilazole, naphthalic anhydride, oxabentri dients. The composition is generally used for the control of nil, mefenpyr-diethyl, N-(dichloroacetyl)-1-Oxa-4-aza pests or fungi such that the active ingredients are applied at a spirobicyclo-(4,5)-decane (AD-67), 3-dichloroacetyl-2, 35 rate of from 0.1 g to 10 kg per hectare, preferably from 1 g to 2.5-trimethyloxazolidine (R-29148) and 6 kg per hectare, more preferably from 1 g to 1 kg perhectare. 2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (MG-191). When used in a seed dressing, the active ingredients are GG. Sulfamoylureas such as cyclosulfamuron. used at a rate of 0.0001 g to 10 g (for example 0.001 g or 0.05 HH. Sulfonanilides Such as chloranSulam-methyl, diclosu g), preferably 0.005 g to 10 g, more preferably 0.005 g to 4 g. lam, florasulam, flumetSulam and metoSulam. 40 per kilogram of seed. II. Sulfonylureas such as amidosulfuron, azim Sulfuron, The formulated compositions can be chosen from a num benSulfuron and esters thereof, chlorimuron & esters eg ber of formulation types, including dustable powders (DP), ethyl ester thereof, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, soluble powders (SP), water soluble granules (SG), water ethametsulfuron-methyl, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron dispersible granules (WG), wettable powders (WP), granules and salts thereof, halosulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, 45 (GR) (slow or fast release), soluble concentrates (SL), oil imaZoSulfuron, iodosulfuron, metSulfuron and esters miscible liquids (OL), ultra low volume liquids (UL), emul thereof, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron & sifiable concentrates (EC), dispersible concentrates (DC), esters eg methyl ester thereof, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfu emulsions (both oil in water (EW) and water in oil (EO)), ron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, Sulfometuron-methyl, Sulfosul micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), aero furon, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron, 50 Sols, fogging/smoke formulations, capsule Suspensions (CS) tribenuron-methyl and triflusulfuron-methyl and seed treatment formulations. The formulation type cho J.J. thiocarbamates Such as butylate, cycloate, dimepiper Sen in any instance will depend upon the particular purpose ate, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), esprocarb, envisaged and the physical, chemical and biological proper molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thioben ties of active ingredients. carb, tiocarbazil, tri-allate and vernolate. 55 Dustable powders (DP) may be prepared by mixing the KK. triazine herbicides such as ametryn, atrazine, cyana active ingredients with one or more solid diluents (for Zine, dimethametryn, prometon, prometryn, propazine, example natural clays, kaolin, pyrophyllite, bentonite, alu simazine, simetryn, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and tri mina, montmorillonite, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous etazine. earths, calcium phosphates, calcium and magnesium carbon LL. triazole herbicides such as amitrole. 60 ates, Sulphur, lime, flours, talc and other organic and inor MM. triazolinones such as carfentraZone-ethyl and sulfen ganic Solid carriers) and mechanically grinding the mixture to traZOne. a fine powder. NN. triketones such as sulcotrione and mesotrione. Soluble powders (SP) may be prepared by mixing the OO. uracils such as bromacil, lenacil and terbacil. active ingredients with one or more water-soluble inorganic Examples of Suitable plant growth regulators that may be 65 salts (such as Sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or mag used as a further active ingredient in the mixture of the inven nesium Sulphate) or one or more water-soluble organic Solids tion may be any compound selected from ancymidol, chlo (such as a polysaccharide) and, optionally, one or more wet US 8,852,618 B2 7 8 ting agents, one or more dispersing agents or a mixture of said water or a water-in-oil system (which system is present may agents to improve water dispersibility/solubility. The mixture be determined by conductivity measurements) and may be is then ground to a fine powder. Similar compositions may suitable for mixing water-soluble and oil-soluble pesticides also be granulated to form water soluble granules (SG). in the same formulation. An ME is suitable for dilution into Wettable powders (WP) may be prepared by mixing the water, either remaining as a microemulsion or forming a active ingredients with one or more Solid diluents or carriers, conventional oil-in-water emulsion. one or more wetting agents and, preferably, one or more Suspension concentrates (SC) may comprise aqueous or dispersing agents and, optionally, one or more Suspending non-aqueous Suspensions of finely divided insoluble solid agents to facilitate the dispersion in liquids. The mixture is particles of the active ingredients. SCs may be prepared by then ground to a fine powder. Similar compositions may also 10 be granulated to form water dispersible granules (WG). ball or bead milling the active ingredients in a suitable Granules (GR) may be formed either by granulating a medium, optionally with one or more dispersing agents, to mixture of the active ingredients and one or more powdered produce a fine particle Suspension of the compound. One or Solid diluents or carriers, or from pre-formed blank granules more wetting agents may be included in the composition and by absorbing the active ingredients (or a solution thereof, in a 15 a suspending agent may be included to reduce the rate at Suitable agent) in a porous granular material (such as pumice, which the particles settle. Alternatively, the active ingredients attapulgite clays, fuller's earth, kieselguhr, diatomaceous may be dry milled and added to water, containing agents earths or ground corn cobs) or by adsorbing the active ingre hereinbefore described, to produce the desired end product. dients (or a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) on to a hard Aerosol formulations comprise the active ingredients and a core material (such as sands, silicates, mineral carbonates, Suitable propellant (for example n-butane). The active ingre Sulphates or phosphates) and drying if necessary. Agents dients may also be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable which are commonly used to aid absorption or adsorption medium (for example water or a water miscible liquid, Such as include solvents (such as aliphatic and aromatic petroleum n-propanol) to provide compositions for use in non-pres Solvents, alcohols, ethers, ketones and esters) and Sticking Surised, hand-actuated spray pumps. agents (such as polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, dex 25 The active ingredients may be mixed in the dry state with a trins, Sugars and vegetable oils). One or more other additives pyrotechnic mixture to form a composition Suitable for gen may also be included in granules (for example an emulsifying erating, in an enclosed space, a Smoke containing the com agent, wetting agent or dispersing agent). pound. Dispersible Concentrates (DC) may be prepared by dis Capsule Suspensions (CS) may be prepared in a manner Solving the active ingredients in water or an organic solvent, 30 Such as a ketone, alcohol or glycol ether. These solutions may similar to the preparation of EW formulations but with an contain a surface active agent (for example to improve water additional polymerisation stage such that an aqueous disper dilution or prevent crystallisation in a spray tank). sion of oil droplets is obtained, in which each oil droplet is Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) or oil-in-water emulsions encapsulated by a polymeric shell and contains the active (EW) may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredients in 35 ingredients and, optionally, a carrier or diluent therefor. The an organic solvent (optionally containing one or more wetting polymeric shell may be produced by either an interfacial agents, one or more emulsifying agents or a mixture of said polycondensation reaction or by a coacervation procedure. agents). Suitable organic solvents for use in ECs include The compositions may provide for controlled release of the aromatic hydrocarbons (such as alkylbenzenes or alkylnaph active ingredients and they may be used for seed treatment. thalenes, exemplified by SOLVESSO 100, SOLVESSO 150 40 The active ingredients may also be formulated in a biodegrad and SOLVESSO 200; SOLVESSO is a Registered Trade able polymeric matrix to provide a slow, controlled release of Mark), ketones (such as cyclohexanone or methylcyclohex the compound. anone) and alcohols (such as benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol A composition may include one or more additives to or butanol), N-alkylpyrrolidones (such as N-methylpyrroli improve the biological performance of the composition (for done or N-octylpyrrolidone), dimethyl amides of fatty acids 45 example by improving wetting, retention or distribution on (such as Cs-Co fatty acid dimethylamide) and chlorinated Surfaces; resistance to rain on treated Surfaces; or uptake or hydrocarbons. An EC product may spontaneously emulsify mobility of the active ingredients). Such additives include on addition to water, to produce an emulsion with Sufficient Surface active agents, spray additives based on oils, for stability to allow spray application through appropriate example certain mineral oils or natural plant oils (such as Soy equipment. Preparation of an EW involves obtaining the 50 bean and rape seed oil), and blends of these with other bio active ingredients either as a liquid (if it is not a liquid at room enhancing adjuvants (ingredients which may aid or modify temperature, it may be melted at a reasonable temperature, the action of the active ingredients. typically below 70° C.) or in solution (by dissolving it in an The active ingredients may also be formulated for use as a appropriate solvent) and then emulsifying the resultant liquid seed treatment, for example as a powder composition, includ or Solution into water containing one or more SFAS, under 55 ing a powder for dry seed treatment (DS), a water soluble high shear, to produce an emulsion. Suitable solvents for use powder (SS) or a water dispersible powder for slurry treat in EWs include vegetable oils, chlorinated hydrocarbons ment (WS), or as a liquid composition, including a flowable (such as chlorobenzenes), aromatic solvents (such as alkyl concentrate (FS), a solution (LS) or a capsule Suspension benzenes oralkylnaphthalenes) and other appropriate organic (CS). The preparations of DS, SS, WS, FS and LS composi solvents which have a low solubility in water. 60 tions are very similar to those of respectively, DPSPWP, SC Microemulsions (ME) may be prepared by mixing water and DC compositions described above. Compositions for with a blend of one or more solvents with one or more SFAS, treating seed may include an agent for assisting the adhesion to produce spontaneously athermodynamically stable isotro of the composition to the seed (for example a mineral oil or a pic liquid formulation. The active ingredients are present film-forming barrier). initially in either the water or the solvent/SFA blend. Suitable 65 Wetting agents, dispersing agents and emulsifying agents solvents for use in MEs include those hereinbefore described may be surface SFAS of the cationic, anionic, amphoteric or for use in in ECs or in EWs. An ME may be either an oil-in non-ionic type. US 8,852,618 B2 10 Suitable SFAS of the cationic type include quaternary SGs, SPs, WPs, WGs and CSs, are often required to withstand ammonium compounds (for example cetyltrimethyl ammo storage for prolonged periods and, after Such storage, to be nium bromide), imidazolines and amine salts. capable of addition to water to form aqueous preparations Suitable anionic SFAS include alkali metals salts of fatty which remain homogeneous for a sufficient time to enable acids, salts of aliphatic monoesters of Sulphuric acid (for them to be applied by conventional spray equipment. Such example sodium lauryl Sulphate), salts of Sulphonated aro aqueous preparations may contain varying amounts of the matic compounds (for example Sodium dodecylbenzene active ingredients (for example 0.0001 to 10%, by weight) Sulphonate, calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, butylnaph depending upon the purpose for which they are to be used. thalene Sulphonate and mixtures of sodium di-isopropyl- and The active ingredients may be used in mixtures with ferti tri-isopropyl-naphthalene Sulphonates), ether Sulphates, 10 lisers (for example nitrogen-, potassium- orphosphorus-con alcohol ether sulphates (for example sodium laureth-3-sul taining fertilisers). Suitable formulation types include gran phate), ether carboxylates (for example sodium laureth-3- ules of fertiliser. The mixtures suitably contain up to 25% by carboxylate), phosphate esters (products from the reaction weight of the active ingredients. The invention therefore also between one or more fatty alcohols and phosphoric acid (pre provides a fertiliser composition comprising a fertiliser and dominately mono-esters) orphosphorus pentoxide (predomi 15 the active ingredients. nately di-esters), for example the reaction between lauryl The amount of composition of the present invention gen alcohol and tetraphosphoric acid; additionally these products erally applied for the control of insect pests gives a rate of may be ethoxylated), Sulphosuccinamates, paraffin or olefine active ingredient from 0.01 to 10 kg per hectare, preferably Sulphonates, taurates and lignoSulphonates. from 0.1 to 6 kg per hectare. Suitable SFAS of the amphoteric type include betaines, The mixture of the invention is preferably presented in a propionates and glycinates. single composition. However the components may be pre Suitable SFAS of the non-ionic type include condensation sented in separate containers, one containing gamma-cyha products of alkylene oxides. Such as ethylene oxide, propy lothrin optionally in combination with a solid or liquid dilu lene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof, with fatty ent, and the second containing a further active ingredient alcohols (such as oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol) or with alky 25 optionally in combination with a solid or liquid diluent. Alter lphenols (such as octylphenol, nonylphenol or octylcresol); natively the components may be presented in a two pack partial esters derived from long chain fatty acids or hexitol container, one compartment of which contains gamma-cyha anhydrides; condensation products of said partial esters with lothrin optionally in combination with a solidor liquid diluent ethylene oxide; block polymers (comprising ethylene oxide and a second compartment which contains a further active and propylene oxide); alkanolamides; simple esters (for 30 ingredient optionally in combination with a solid or liquid example fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters); amine oxides diluent. (for example lauryl dimethyl amine oxide); and lecithins. The contents of the two containers or the two compart Suitable Suspending agents include hydrophilic colloids ments can then be admixed, for example by mixing both in (such as polysaccharides, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium water prior to administration. carboxymethylcellulose) and Swelling clays (such as bento 35 In another aspect the present invention provides a method nite or attapulgite). of combating insect, acarine or nematode include insect pests The active ingredients may be applied by any of the known Such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Homoptera and Coleoptera means of applying pesticidal or fungicidal compounds. For (including Diabrotica, that is, corn rootworm), pests associ example, it may be applied, formulated or unformulated, to ated with agriculture (which term includes the growing of the pests or to a locus of the pests (such as a habitat of the 40 crops for food and fibre products), horticulture and animal pests, or a growing plant liable to infestation by the pests) or husbandry, forestry, the storage of products of vegetable ori to any part of the plant, including the foliage, stems, branches gin, such as fruit, grain and timber, and also those pests or roots, to the seed before it is planted or to other media in associated with the transmission of diseases of man and ani which plants are growing or are to be planted (Such as Soil mals. Examples of insect and acarine pest species include: Surrounding the roots, the Soil generally, paddy water or 45 Myzus persicae (aphid), Aphis gossypii (aphid), Aphis fabae hydroponic culture systems), directly or it may be sprayed on, (aphid), Aedes aegypti (mosquito), Anopheles spp. (mosqui dusted on, applied by dipping, applied as a cream or paste tos), Culex spp. (mosquitos), Dysdercus fasciatus (capsid), formulation, applied as a vapour or applied through distribu Musca domestica (housefly), Pieris brassicae (white butter tion or incorporation of a composition (such as a granular fly), Plutella xylostella (diamond back moth), Phaedon composition or a composition packed in a water-soluble bag) 50 cochleariae (mustard beetle), Aonidiella spp. (scale insects), in Soil or an aqueous environment. Trialeurodes spp. (white flies), Bemisia tabaci (white fly), The active ingredients may also be incorporated into bait Blattella germanica (), Periplaneta americana stations used to attract and control pests. (cockroach), Blatta Orientalis (cockroach) Spodoptera lit The active ingredients may also be incorporated into mate toralis (cotton leafworm), Heliothis virescens (tobacco bud rials used in the construction or agricultural industries. They 55 worm) Chortiocetes terminifera (locust), Diabrotica spp. may, for example, be incorporated into plastics films or sheets (rootworms), Agrotis spp. (cutworms), Chilo partellus used in the construction of buildings to protect them from (maize stem borer), Nilaparvata lugens (planthopper), pests such as termites. Nephotettix cincticeps (leafhopper), Panonychus ulmi (Euro The active ingredients may also be injected into plants or pean red mite), Panonychus citri (citrus red mite), Tetrany sprayed onto vegetation using electrodynamic spraying tech 60 chus urticae (two-spotted spider mite), Tetranychus ni, Tet niques or other low Volume methods, or applied by land or ranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite), Phyllicoptruta aerial irrigation systems. oleivOra (citrus rust mite), Polyphagotarisonemus latus Compositions for use as aqueous preparations (aqueous (broad mite) and Brevipalpus spp. (mites). Solutions or dispersions) are generally Supplied in the form of Examples of pest species which may be controlled by the a concentrate containing a high proportion of the active ingre 65 compositions of the invention include: Myzus persicae dient, the concentrate being added to water before use. These (aphid), Aphis gossypii (aphid), Aphis fabae (aphid), Lygus concentrates, which may include DCs, SCs, ECs, EWs, MEs spp. (capsids), Dysdercus spp. (capsids), Nilaparvata lugens US 8,852,618 B2 11 12 (planthopper), Nephotettix.c incticeps (leafhopper), Nezara nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a mix spp. (Stinkbugs), Euschistus spp. (Stinkbugs), Leptocorisa ture containing gamma-cyhalothrin and one or more com spp. (Stinkbugs), Frankliniella Occidentalis (thrip). Thrips pounds possessing insecticidal, nematicidal, acaricidal, mol spp. (thrips), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato luscicidal, fungicidal, plant growth regulating or herbicidal beetle), Anthonomus grandis (boll weevil), Aonidiella spp. activity to a pest, a locus of pest, or to a plant Susceptible to (scale insects), Trialeurodes spp. (white flies), Bemisia tabaci attack by a pest, to a seed of a plant, to the locus of the plant (white fly), Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer), or seed, to Soil or to any other growth medium (for example a Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm), Heliothis virescens nutrient Solution). (tobacco budworm), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton boll The term “plantas used herein includes seedlings, bushes worm), Helicoverpa zea (cotton bollworm), Sylepta derogata 10 and trees. Furthermore, the fungicidal method of the inven (cotton leaf roller), Pieris brassicae (white butterfly), Plu tion includes protectant, curative, systemic, eradicant and tella xylostella (diamond back moth), Agrotis spp. (cut antisporulant treatments. worms), Chilo suppressalis (rice stem borer), Locusta migra The invention is illustrated by the following Examples. toria (locust), Chortiocetes terminifera (locust), Diabrotica spp. (rootworms), Panonychus ulmi (European red mite), 15 Example 1 Panonychus citri (citrus red mite), Tetranychus urticae (two spotted spider mite), Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spi Test compositions were made up from technical active der mite), Phylocoptruta oleivOra (citrus rust mite), Polyph ingredient in 0.05% Symperonic NP8 with the exception of agotarisonemus latus (broad mite), Brevipalpus spp. (flat spinosad, for which Tracer 480SC diluted in water was used. mites), Boophilus microplus (cattle tick), Dermacentor vari For Heliothis and Spodoptera testing cotton leaves were abilis (American dog tick), Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea), sprayed in a Berkhard Potter Tower, left to dry for 1 hour and Liriomyza spp. (leafminer), Musca domestica (housefly), then placed on the top of pots containing twenty 1st instar Aedes aegypti (mosquito), Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes), Heliothis virescens/Spodoptera littoralis larvae. These were Culex spp. (mosquitoes), Lucillia spp. (blowflies), Blattella stored in a test holding room at 25°C. for 3 days and the test germanica (cockroach), Periplaneta americana (cockroach), 25 species assessed for mortality. For aphid testing Leaf discs Blatta Orientalis (cockroach), termites of the Mastotermiti were cut from excised Chinese cabbage leaves and placed on dae (for example Mastotermes spp.), the Kalotermitidae (for agar intest pots. R2Myzus persicae were transferred from the example Neotermes spp.), the Rhinotermitidae (for example culture on radish cotyledons and left overnight. The dried Coptotermes formosanus, Reticulitermes flavipes, R. Speratu, cotyledons were removed, leaving approximately 20-25 R. virginicus, R. hesperus, and R. Santonensis) and the Ter 30 aphids on each leaf disc. The pots were sprayed in a Berkhard mitidae (for example Globitermes sulphureus), Solenopsis Potter Tower. Once dry, ventilated lids were placed on the top. geminata (fire ant), Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh’s ant), These were stored in a Weiss Room at 20° C. for 3 days and Damalinia spp. and Linognathus spp. (biting and Sucking the test species assessed for mortality. All tests included a lice), Meloidogyne spp. (root knot nematodes), Globodera Synperonic NP8 control. The results of the mortality assess spp. and Heterodera spp. (cyst nematodes), Pratylenchus spp. 35 ments were adjusted for any mortality seen in the control test (lesion nematodes), Rhodopholus spp. (banana burrowing and analysed using the Colby equation to compare the mor nematodes), Tvlenchulus spp. (citrus nematodes), Haemon tality achieved with the mixture at each ratio to that expected chus contortus (barber pole worm), Caenorhabditis elegans from the individual ai's applied alone at the same rate. Any (vinegar eelworm), Tricho strongylus spp. (gastro intestinal increase in the expected amount of mortality may be attrib nematodes) and Deroceras reticulatum (slug). 40 uted to synergism. This is calculated in the following way: The invention therefore provides a method of combating Expected mortality from mixture=% mortality of mixture and controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs partner A+(100%-96 mortality of A)*(% mortality of mixture which comprises applying an insecticidally, acaricidally, partner B). The results are set out in Tables I-III. TABLE I Results for test using Heliothis virescens Rates Observed Expected % applied (ppm % mortality mortality with Observed Mixture partner Ratio (gamma:ais) Gamma. Other ai Gamma. Other ai Mixture mixture expected Abamectin O.25 O.25 28 O 36 28 8 OSO O.SO 28 O 25 28 -3 1.OO 1.00 32 O 43 30 13 O.25 O.SO 32 O 29 32 -3 OSO 1.00 32 O 43 32 11 OSO O.25 46 O 43 46 -3 1.OO O.SO 46 O 64 46 18 Emamectin benzoate O.25 O.25 28 97 1OO 98 2 OSO O.SO 28 96 99 97 2 O.25 O.13 32 97 1OO 98 2 OSO O.25 32 96 1OO 97 3 1.OO O.SO 32 99 1OO 99 1 OSO O.13 46 96 1OO 98 2 1.OO O.25 46 99 1OO 99 1 Spinosad O.25 O.13 28 33 67 52 14 OSO O.25 32 42 89 60 29 O.25 O.O6 28 44 79 60 19 OSO O.13 32 33 65 55 11 US 8,852,618 B2 13 14 TABLE I-continued Results for test using Heliothis vires Cens Rates Observed Expected % applied (ppm % mortality mortality with Observed Mixture partner Ratio (gamma:ai's) Gamma. Other ai Gamma. Other ai Mixture mixture expected 4: 1.00 O.25 46 42 93 68 25 8: O.SO O.0625 32 44 72 62 10 8: 1.00 O.13 46 33 65 64 1 Chlorpyrifos :05 O.SO 2.50 28 36 42 S4 -13 :05 1.00 S.OO 28 29 49 49 -1 :10 O.25 2.50 32 36 29 57 -27 :10 O.SO S.OO 32 29 49 52 -3 :10 1.OO 10.00 32 44 71 62 9 :20 O.25 S.OO 46 29 56 62 -6 :20 O.SO 10.00 46 44 63 70 -7 Indoxacarb 1.25: O.25 O.20 28 26 40 47 -7 1.25: O.SO O.40 28 22 40 44 -4 1.25: 1.00 O.80 32 26 40 50 -10 :1.6 O.25 O.40 32 22 44 47 -3 :1.6 O.SO O.80 32 46 60 63 -3 2.5: O.SO O.20 46 22 46 58 -12 2.5: 1.00 O.40 46 46 71 71 O Lambda-cyhalothrin : O.25 O.25 28 46 43 61 -18 O.SO O.SO 28 50 41 64 -23 : 1.00 1.00 32 46 35 63 -28 :2 O.25 O.SO 32 50 39 66 -27 :2 O.SO 1.00 32 52 38 67 -30 2: O.SO O.25 46 50 32 73 -41 2: 1.00 O.SO 46 52 46 74 -28

TABLE II Results for test using Spodoptera littoralis Rates Observed Expected % applied (ppm % mortality mortality with Observed Mixture partner Ratio (gamma:ai's) Gamma. Other ai Gamma. Other ai Mixture mixture expected Emamectin benzoate 10:1 O.O2S O.OO2S O O 22 O 22 10:1 O.OS O.OOS 25 6 51 29 22 10:1 O.1 O.O1 90 O 82 90 -8 20:1 O.OS O.OO2S 25 O 32 25 7 20:1 O.1 O.OOS 90 6 66 90 -24 5:1 O.O2S O.OOS O 6 46 6 40 5:1 O.OS O.O1 25 O 76 25 51 Spinosad 1:10 O.O2S 0.25 O O 79 O 79 1:10 O.OS O.S 25 29 96 47 49 1:2.5 O.OS O.12S 25 O 59 25 34 1:2.5 O.1 O.25 90 O 99 90 9 1:5 O.O2S O.12S O O 34 O 34 1:5 O.OS O.25 25 O 82 25 57 1:5 O.1 O.S 90 29 100 93 7

TABLE III Results for test using (Myzus persicae Rates Observed Expected% applied (ppm 90 mortality mortality with Observed Mixture partner Ratio (gamma:ai's) Gamma. Other ai Gamma. Other Mixture mixture expected Thiamethoxam 1:10 O.25 2.5 70 92 1OO 97 3 1:10 O.S 5 69 94 1OO 98 2 1:25 O.S 1.25 69 70 1OO 91 9 1:25 1.O 2.5 98 92 1OO 1OO O 1:5 O.25 1.25 70 70 1OO 91 9 1:5 O.S 2.5 69 92 1OO 97 3 1:5 1.O 5 98 94 1OO 1OO O US 8,852,618 B2 15 16

TABLE III-continued Results for test using (Mizus persicae Rates Observed Expected% applied (ppm % mortality mortality with Observed Mixture partner Ratio (gamma:ais) Gamma. Other ai Gamma. Other Mixture mixture expected Lambda-cyhalothrin 1:1 O.25 O.25 70 4 92 71 21 1:1 O.S O.S 69 14 96 73 23 1:2 O.25 O.12S 70 10 66 73 -7 1:2 1.O O.S 98 14 1OO 98 2 2:1 O.S O.25 69 4 1OO 70 30 4:1 O.S O.12S 69 10 98 72 26 4:1 1.O O.25 98 4 1OO 98 2

The invention claimed is: 2. The mixture according to claim 1 further comprising one 1. A mixture comprising gamma-cyhalothrin and thia or more of spinosad, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, lufenuron, methoxam, wherein the ratio of gamma-cyhalothrin to thia indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin. methoxam is in the range of 1:2.5 to 1:100 (weight/weight), 3. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the ratio of gamma wherein when the mixture is applied by spraying at a rate of cyhalothrin to thiamethoxam is in the range of 1:2.5 to 1:10 0.25 ppm gamma-cyhalothrin and 1.25 ppm thiamethoxam (weight/weight). onto Myzus persicae, the mixture is synergistically effective 4. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the ratio of gamma as determined by the Colby equation, wherein a mortality 25 cyhalothrin to thiamethoxam is in the range of 1:10 to 1:100 assessment is made 3 days after application with storage at (weight/weight). 200 C.