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Council of War Fairfax Court House "Preserving the Past. Protecting the Future." the Protecting Past. the "Preserving Volume 8, Issue 2 Fall 2011 Council of War Historic Fairfax City, Inc. at "Fare Fac - Say Do" Fairfax Court House by William Page Johnson, II Executive Officers “Success here at this time saves everything; defeat here loses all.” David L. Pumphrey President 1 Sandra S. Wilbur Vice-Pres. -Major-General Gustavus W. Smith. Fairfax C.H., October 1, 1861. Albert L. Leightley Treasurer Betsy K. Rutkowski Secretary Until now, the location and owner of the home depicted in the Ann F. Adams Director famous Civil War photograph below has remained somewhat a Hildie A. Carney Director Fairfax, VA 22030 VA Fairfax, mystery. The Library of Congress has simply has identified the photo Patricia A. Fabio Director as “Fairfax Court House, Va. House used as a headquarters by 10209 Main Street Main 10209 Mary D. Gauthier Director D. Lee Hubbard Director Gen. G.B. McClellan and Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard.”2 After 150 David L. Pumphrey, President Pumphrey, L. David Hon. Wm. Page Johnson, II Director years this mystery is now solved. The following is the story of a pivotal event of Claudia J. Lewis Director Return Address - Historic Fairfax City, Inc. City, Fairfax Historic - Address Return Jenée L. Lindner Director the Civil War that occurred in this home in the autumn of 1861. Deborah E. Mullan Director Michael A. Pappas Director Hon. John E. Petersen Director Hon. Penny A. Rood Director Hon. John H. Rust, Jr. Director Dolores B. Testerman Director Edward C. Trexler, Jr. Director Vacant Director The Newsletter of Historic Fairfax City, Inc. 1861-1865 2011-2015 The Fare Facs Gazette © 2011 Editor: William Page Johnson, II By the late summer of 1861 nearly everything had gone in favor of the fledgling Confederacy. The invading Federal army had been soundly defeated in battles at Big Bethel and Manassas, Virginia. Following the battle at Manassas the Federal army, had withdrawn to the safety of the Potomac. Anticipating a Confederate assault on Washington, D.C., Union Gen. Dunleith, the home of Thomas R. Love at Fairfax Court House, built c. 1842 George B. McClellan had begun the Used as a HQ by Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard (1861) & Gen. George B. McClellan (1862) E-mail: [email protected] organization of the massive number Photograph attributed to Timothy H. O'Sullivan 1863, courtesy The Library of Congress Website: www.historicfairfax.org Continued on Page 3 Volume 8, Issue 2 The Fair Facs Gazette Fall 2011 Volume 8, Issue 2 The Fair Facs Gazette Fall 2011 Fairfax, Virginia, November 2011- At The Museum... Historic House candlelight Tours Greetings from the President-- December 3rd - 6th 7 pm (after the tree lighting in Pozer Garden). We had an extremely successful fundraising with Ratcliffe-Allison House - 10386 Main Street. this year’s Taste of the Vine on October 14th. The wines Tour the oldest house in town and learn about holiday of Lost Creek Winery were excellent, the food pairings by customs of the past. Café Villa Mozart were delicious and the music of Christian Perez was delightful. The Silent Auction for nearly 20 items Christmas in Camp was very competitive and added significantly to the funds December 4th - 12th 4 pm that were raised. We raised over $7,500 at this event. Historic Blenheim and the Civil war Intrepretive Congratulations to Betsy Rutkowski and her committee Center - 3610 Old Lee Highway for all of their hard work in organizing this event. Interactive living history with Co. D, 17th Virginia Infantry, Fairfax Rifles While the Taste of the Vine has become HFCI’s Talks with Extra Billy Smith and The Common Soldier major fundraiser it is not the only one. We are again selling House Tour 1 pm White House Christmas Ornaments this year. They are on Music with OLLI Recorder Consort sale at the Museum and at the Blenheim Interpretive Center. We will also have a booth at the upcoming Holiday Craft Show at Fairfax High School. These ornaments look great The Banjo in the Civil War on your tree and they make great holiday gifts so please December 11th 2 pm stop by and pick some up. Fairfax Museum & Visitors Center - 10209 Main St. Performance & talk by Greg Adams, Historian & This year we were able to use money we have Musicologist raised to partner with the City to stabilize “Granma’s Cottage” at the Blenheim site. We are looking at additional Liberty Middle School Strings Group investments at Blenheim as well as worthwhile projects in December 17th 2 pm the Historic downtown. We are also assisting the Historic Fairfax Museum & Visitors Center - 10209 Main St. Resources Department in the cataloguing of the acquisitions Enjoy holiday music while shopping for unique holiday at the Museum. Our fundraising activities support all of gifts these efforts. It is almost time for membership renewal and I hope that all of you will continue your memberships and encourage others to join and support our efforts to maintain the City’s historic resources. You can follow our activities at www.historicfairfax.org. Welcome New Members! Thank you for your continuing support. Sandra L. Abold Karen C. Murphy Webster & Frances Brown Scott Patton Antonio "Tony" A. Chaves Sarah Pease David L. Pumphrey Barbara J. Huyett The President & Board of Directors of HFCI extends a hearty welcome to all new HFCI members. 2 15 Volume 8, Issue 2 The Fair Facs Gazette Fall 2011 Volume 8, Issue 2 The Fair Facs Gazette Fall 2011 troops arriving there. He had reason to be concerned. at their headquarters in the village, and from Confederate Generals Joseph E. Johnston and P.G.T. which had floated the banner, amid the rolling Beauregard were anxious to go on the offensive after their of the drums and the shouts of our citizens. Col. victory at Manassas, but Johnston, in particular, felt they Terry was accorded the privilege and honor of lacked the men, material and logistics to do so. Additionally, driving the first nail into our flag which affixed while Gen. McClellan enjoyed the full support of President it upon the pole they had raised, Senator Thomas Abraham Lincoln who had given him a free hand to organize the second honor, and Messrs. Chichester and the army as he saw fit, Johnston clashed with a meddling Griunell [Gunnell] the next.”5 Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Johnston also faced Col. Terry gave the captured flag to General Longstreet a fractured command structure that was rife with competing who presented it to Gen. Beauregard as a gift.6 personalities. Three indecisive weeks later, on August 8th & 9th 1861, While Johnston was technically the overall commander the Confederate forces of Generals Joseph E. Johnston and of the Confederate Army of the Potomac at Manassas, he P.G.T. Beauregard reoccupied Fairfax Court House, and was also in direct command of half of the army with Gen. other locations in Fairfax County in a line that extended from Beauregard in direct command of the other half. Johnston Springfield to the Little Falls of the Potomac River. In early and Beauregard also squabbled over rank and tactics. September General Johnston moved his Headquarters from President Davis attempted to fix this by creating additional the Bloom Farm, now the Conner House, Manassas Park,7 command positions in the late summer of 1861. One of these to Coombe Cottage [see Fare Facs Gazette v. 8, n. 1] at was Gen. Gustavus W. Smith who would command the Fairfax Court House. Second Corps. It would be several months, however, before the Confederate command structure coalesced and the Army “Gen. Johnston’s quarters are now situated in a of Northern Virginia was created and even longer until commodious building, at Fairfax Court-House, command of that army was given to Gen. Robert E. Lee. formerly used as a Female Seminary. The house is surrounded by beautiful grounds, filled with On July 22, 1861, the day after the battle of Manassas, fine trees and tastefully-arranged shrubbery, Col. Benjamin F. Terry3 along Captain Thomas Whitehead’s which, even at this late season, are covered with Cavalry,4 re-entered Fairfax Court House, cautiously pursuing dense foliage.”8 the retreating Union army and picking up stragglers. His arrival was cheered by the people in the village: On September 12th, General Beauregard, too, moved his headquarters from Liberia, Manassas, Prince William “Once more we are free. Sans Deo, after a reign County, to Dunleith, the home of Thomas R. Love, at Fairfax of terror for five days since the enemy entered, Court House.9,10,11,12,13 we, the citizens of this place, have been under a surveillance which we could scarcely brook; but, “A correspondent at Fairfax writes that Gen. thanks to Almighty God, we are once more free. Beauregard has advanced to that place, and made his headquarters at the residence of T.R. Col. Terry, the gallant Texan, this morning, with Love, Esq.”14 a detachment of Captain Whitehead’s Rangers from Amherst, entered our village. Soon he, with “Gen. Beauregard, commanding the First Corps his own unerring rifle, shot away the Stars and of the Army of the Potomac, has his headquarters Stripes, (which the Lincolnites had placed upon the cupola of the Court-House,) once the emblem of freedom, but now a standard under which men are fighting who do not recollect, if ever they knew, the associations connected with it, and have by their acts converted it into the ensign of dishonor and degradation. The gallant Colonel soon found the Stars and Bars which the gallant South Carolinians had given to a little boy of the village, and it was raised upon the flag-staff which they had erected Alexandria Gazette, April 27, 1835, p.
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