ETHJ Vol-35 No-1
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East Texas Historical Journal Volume 35 Issue 1 Article 1 1997 ETHJ Vol-35 No-1 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation (1997) "ETHJ Vol-35 No-1," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 35 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol35/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME XXXV 1997 NUMBER 1 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 1996-1997 OFFICERS Carol Riggs................. ........................................................ ......... .. ...................................... President Jame~ V. Reese .................................... ., ................................................................ First Vice President Patricia Kdl ....................................................................................................... Second Vice Pre~ident Portia L. Gordon .................................................................................................... Secretary-Treasurer DIRECTORS Joe \Vhi1c ........................................................... Kilgore........... ........................................... 1997 Vista l\lcCro\key .............................................. Tyler ................................................................ 1997 John W S1orey ................................................. Beaumont.. ................................................... 1997 Ronald C Ellison ............................................... Beaumont ......................................................... 1998 William Enger .................................................... A then\................... .. ........ .............................. 1998 Carolyn Ericson ................................................. Nacogdoches ............................... .................... 1998 Kenneth E. Hendrickson. Jr............................... Wichita Falls ........................................ ......... 1999 Cissy Lale ..................................................... Fort Worth .......................................... .CX·Prl"Siden1 Cecil Harper............................... ...................... Spnng .......................... .................. .. C)(·President EDITORIAL BOARD Valentine J. Bi!lfiglio......................... .......... .................... .. ..................................... ............ Garland Bob Bowman .......................................................................................................... ................ Lufk1 Gama L. Christian ................................................................................................. .................... Houst Ouida Dean ........................................................................................................ ............. Nacogdoches Patricia A. Gajda ............................................... ......................................................................... Tyler Robert L. Glover .......................................................................................................................... Flmt Bobby H. Johnson.... ............................... ......... ...........................................................Naeogdocm Patricia Kell ..................................................... ........................................................................ Baytown Ma.x S. Lale ........................................................................................................................ Fon W Irvin M. May, Jr....................................................................................................................... 8ry Chuck Parsons ................................................................................................................... Yorktown Fred Tarpley .......................................................................................................................... Ha Archie P. McDonald EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND EDITOR MEMBERSHIP INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS pay $100 annuaJly LIFE MEMBERS pay $300 or more BENEFACTOR pays $100. PATRON pays $50 annually STUDENT MEMBERS pay $12 annually REGULAR MEMBERS pay $25 annually Journals $7 .50 per copy P.O. Box 6223 Stephen F. Austin State Universit) Nacogdoches, TX 75962 409-468-2407 © Copyright /997 XXXV - No. I - East Te_rns Historical Anociatioll EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION VolumeXXXV 1997 NUMBER I CONTENTS "WON BY KINDNESS" VERSUS ..THROUGH SAVAGES:" ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA de VACA AND FRANCIS PARKMAN'S VlEWS OF NATIVE AMERICANS by James B. Seymour; Jr. ..................................................................... 3 ALABAMA-COUSHATIA INDIAN ETHNOGRAPHIC, HJSTORICAL. AND ARCHEOLOGICAL REFERENCES by 1i11101hy K. Pernula ......................................................................... 11 THE TITUS HUNTERS: COMPANY D 11TH TEXAS INFANTRY REGIMENT WALKER'S TEXAS DJVISION by John D. Perlcins ............................................................................... 11 THE LAWFUL AND THE LAWLESS: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF KJLGORE by Suzanne Baldon ............................................................................... 30 GENESIS AND FIRST THREE PASTORS OF CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH BEAUMONT, TEXAS. 1900-1908 by Ro11 Elliso11 ......................................................................................43 COOPERATIVE SCIENCE: ORIGINS OF THE WILLIAM JOHNSON McDONALD OBSERVATORY. 1926-1939 by l.Aura Wim~rley ............................................................................. 54 HOW Nar TO BECOME PRESIDENT by Max S. LAie .....................................................................................64 IR\"ING KRICK, DALLAS RATNMAKER by Marle11e Bradford ............................................................................61 THE TRAfNL~G OF THE WAACs AT STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE TEACHER'S COLLEGE by Kare11 Kae111111erli11g ........................................................................14 IIOOK NarES .............................................................................................................................. 81 IIOOK REVfEWS ......................................................................................................................... 83 Archie P. McDonald, Executive Director and Editor STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY P.O. BOX 6223 NACOGDOCHES. TEXAS 75962 409-468-2407 2 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION BOOKS REVIEWED Winfrey/Day, The Indian Papers of Te.ms and the Southwest. 1825-1916, by Daniel J. Gelo Soutl,western Historical Quarterly, The Texas State Capitol, by Jim Steely Francaviglia, TJ,e Shape of Texas: Maps as Metapl,ors, by W. D. "Bill" Clark Dixson. Richland Crossing: A Portrait of Texas Pioneers, by Linda Cross Matovina, The Alamo Remembered: Tejano Accounts and Perspectives and Matovina/ McDonald, Defending Mexican Valor in Texas: Jose Antonio Navarro's Historical Writings, 1853-1857, by James Collins Thompson, Juan Cortina and the Texas-Mexico Frontier: 1859-1877, by Marianne Hall-Little Dusinberre, Them Dark Days: Slavery i11 the American Rice Swamps. by Randolph B. Campbell Thompson, Confederate General of the West, by Ralph A. Wooster Hollandsworth, The Louisiana Native Guards, by Cary D. Wintz Williams, Rebel Brothers: Tlze Civil War letters of tlze Truehearts, by Robert W. Glover Wooster. Lone Star Blue and Gray, by David Stroud Myers, Force Without Fanfare: The Autobiography of K.M. Va11Zandt. by Kenneth E. Hendrickson, Jr. Carson, Calling Out the Called: The Life and Work of Lee Rutland Scarborough. by Ron Ellison Robinson, The Buffalo Hunters, by David J. Murrah Wiggins. Torpedoes in the Gulf, by Don Willett Roach, Collective Hean, by Max S. Lale Ernst, From Cowboy to Outlaw • The True Story of Will Can1er. by Chuck Parsons and Marianne Hall-Little Miller, Bloody Bill Longley, by Chuck Parsons EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 3 "WON BY KINDNESS" VERSUS "THOROUGH SAVAGES:" ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA AND FRANCIS PARKMAN'S VIEWS OF NATIVE AMERICANS by James B. Seymour, Jr. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and Francis Parkman both explored the American Southwest before its settlement by Europeans. They encountered the Indians who inhabited these regions and described their meetings with them in personal journals. Although their excursions took place over 300 years apart, both viewed the Indians through the filter of the predominately European cultures they left behind. Cabeza de Vaca used his experiences in the New World to strengthen arguments promoting favorable treatment of Indians during the Spanish Conquest of the American Southwest. Francis Parkman found support for his strongly held racial and social biases in his experiences. Conflicting attitudes within their societies shaped how each perceived Indians during their sojourns in the West. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca was born to an aristocratic family, c. 1490, in the Andalusian town of Jerez de la Frontera, located near Cadiz. Although few facts exist about his personal education, the Spanish revival in scholarship and learning early in the sixteenth century presumably reached him. Humanism and the ideas of Erasmus dominated Spanish thought in this period. As a member of the elite, Cabeza de Vaca probably learned these ideas as part