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Iranian Traditional Music Dastgah Classification
12th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2011) IRANIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC DASTGAH CLASSIFICATION SajjadAbdoli Computer Department, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran [email protected] ABSTRACT logic to integrate music tuning theory and practice. After feature extraction, the proposed system assumes In this study, a system for Iranian traditional music Dastgah each performed note as an IT2FS, so each musical piece is a classification is presented. Persian music is based upon a set set of IT2FSs.The maximum similarity between this set and of seven major Dastgahs. The Dastgah in Persian music is theoretical Dastgah prototypes, which are also sets of similar to western musical scales and also Maqams in IT2FSs, indicates the desirable Dastgah. Gedik et al. [10] Turkish and Arabic music. Fuzzy logic type 2 as the basic used the songs of the dataset to construct the patterns, part of our system has been used for modeling the whereas in this study, the system makes no assumption about uncertainty of tuning the scale steps of each Dastgah. The the data except that different Dastgahs have different pitch method assumes each performed note as a Fuzzy Set (FS), so intervals. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the each musical piece is a set of FSs. The maximum similarity system. We also show that the system can recognize the between this set and theoretical data indicates the desirable Dastgah of the songs of the proposed dataset with overall Dastgah. In this study, a collection of small-sized dataset for accuracy of 85%. Persian music is also given. -
The Science of String Instruments
The Science of String Instruments Thomas D. Rossing Editor The Science of String Instruments Editor Thomas D. Rossing Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) Stanford, CA 94302-8180, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-7109-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7110-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7110-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction............................................................... 1 Thomas D. Rossing 2 Plucked Strings ........................................................... 11 Thomas D. Rossing 3 Guitars and Lutes ........................................................ 19 Thomas D. Rossing and Graham Caldersmith 4 Portuguese Guitar ........................................................ 47 Octavio Inacio 5 Banjo ...................................................................... 59 James Rae 6 Mandolin Family Instruments........................................... 77 David J. Cohen and Thomas D. Rossing 7 Psalteries and Zithers .................................................... 99 Andres Peekna and Thomas D. -
A Musical Instrument of Global Sounding Saadat Abdullayeva Doctor of Arts, Professor
Focusing on Azerbaijan A musical instrument of global sounding Saadat ABDULLAYEVA Doctor of Arts, Professor THE TAR IS PRObabLY THE MOST POPULAR MUSICAL INSTRUMENT AMONG “The trio”, 2005, Zakir Ahmadov, AZERbaIJANIS. ITS SHAPE, WHICH IS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER STRINGED INSTRU- bronze, 40x25x15 cm MENTS, IMMEDIATELY ATTRACTS ATTENTION. The juicy and colorful sounds to the lineup of mughams, and of a coming from the strings of the tar bass string that is used only for per- please the ear and captivate people. forming them. The wide range, lively It is certainly explained by the perfec- sounds, melodiousness, special reg- tion of the construction, specifically isters, the possibility of performing the presence of twisted steel and polyphonic chords, virtuoso passag- copper strings that convey all nuanc- es, lengthy dynamic sound rises and es of popular tunes and especially, attenuations, colorful decorations mughams. This is graphically proved and gradations of shades all allow by the presence on the instrument’s the tar to be used as a solo, accom- neck of five frets that correspondent panying, ensemble and orchestra 46 www.irs-az.com instrument. But nonetheless, the tar sounding board instead of a leather is a recognized instrument of solo sounding board contradict this con- mughams when the performer’s clusion. The double body and the mastery and the technical capa- leather sounding board are typical of bilities of the instrument manifest the geychek which, unlike the tar, has themselves in full. The tar conveys a short neck and a head folded back- the feelings, mood and dreams of a wards. Moreover, a bow is used play person especially vividly and fully dis- this instrument. -
Mary Gottschalk Cultures of the Middle East 220 Professor Abdelrahim Salih Final Paper Music in the Middle East
Gottschalk 1 Mary Gottschalk Cultures of the Middle East 220 Professor Abdelrahim Salih Final Paper Music in the Middle East The “Middle East” is a term to describe the areas of North Africa and East Asia, where there is a deep cultural history and diverse people, commonly grouped in this term for their cultural similarities. As with trade, information, and innovation, music and the arts moved and assimilated throughout the area. Music pervades the culture in aspects of religion, tradition, and entertainment, and differs according to various conceptions of music based within those religious and cultural ideals. This paper will discuss some of the similarities and differences in middle eastern music: in the instruments as they relate to location, conceptions as they are formed by Muslim doctrine, and traditions based in their respective time periods. Instruments / Place Musical instruments in the middle east range in the complexity, skill needed to play, and type. Broad classifications consist of percussion, bowed, plucked, and wind instruments (Touma 1996 109). A predominant stringed instrument is known as the ‟ud, which literally means “wood”, but it has many names and variations throughout the world (Miller and Shahriari 2006 204). The ‟ud, or al‟ud “…is a fretless, plucked short-necked lute with a body shaped like half a pear” (Touma 1996 109). Its history traces back to the eighth century BCE with changes in size and number of strings, and today is commonly seen with “…five „courses‟ of strings, a course being a pair tuned in unison” (Miller and Shahriari 2006 204). The lack of frets allows the musician to articulate fine gradations of tone, strumming with either a plectrum or fingernails over the middle of the „ud‟s body (Miller and Shahriari 2006 205). -
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio Between the US and Syria
Song, State, Sawa Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Beau Bothwell All rights reserved ABSTRACT Song, State, Sawa: Music and Political Radio between the US and Syria Beau Bothwell This dissertation is a study of popular music and state-controlled radio broadcasting in the Arabic-speaking world, focusing on Syria and the Syrian radioscape, and a set of American stations named Radio Sawa. I examine American and Syrian politically directed broadcasts as multi-faceted objects around which broadcasters and listeners often differ not only in goals, operating assumptions, and political beliefs, but also in how they fundamentally conceptualize the practice of listening to the radio. Beginning with the history of international broadcasting in the Middle East, I analyze the institutional theories under which music is employed as a tool of American and Syrian policy, the imagined youths to whom the musical messages are addressed, and the actual sonic content tasked with political persuasion. At the reception side of the broadcaster-listener interaction, this dissertation addresses the auditory practices, histories of radio, and theories of music through which listeners in the sonic environment of Damascus, Syria create locally relevant meaning out of music and radio. Drawing on theories of listening and communication developed in historical musicology and ethnomusicology, science and technology studies, and recent transnational ethnographic and media studies, as well as on theories of listening developed in the Arabic public discourse about popular music, my dissertation outlines the intersection of the hypothetical listeners defined by the US and Syrian governments in their efforts to use music for political ends, and the actual people who turn on the radio to hear the music. -
Amunowruz-Magazine-No1-Sep2018
AMU NOWRUZ E-MAGAZINE | NO. 1 | SEPTEMBER 2018 27SEP. HAPPY WORLD TOURISM DAY Taste Persia! One of the world's most ancient and important culinary schools belongs to Iran People of the world; Iran! Includes 22 historical sites and a natural one. They 're just one small portion from Iran's historical and natural resources Autumn, one name and a thousand significations About Persia • History [1] Contents AMU NOWRUZ E-MAGAZINE | NO. 1 | SEPTEMBER 2018 27SEP. HAPPY WORLD TOURISM DAY Taste Persia! One of the world's most ancient and important culinary schools belongs to Iran Editorial 06 People of the world; Iran! Includes 22 historical sites and a natural one. They 're just one small portion from Iran's historical and natural resources Autumn, one name and a thousand significations Tourism and the Digital Transformation 08 AMU NOWRUZ E-MAGAZINE NO.1 SEPTEMBER 2018 10 About Persia History 10 A History that Builds Civilization Editorial Department Farshid Karimi, Ramin Nouri, Samira Mohebali UNESCO Heritages Editor In Chief Samira Mohebali 14 People of the world; Iran! Authors Kimia Ajayebi, Katherin Azami, Elnaz Darvishi, Fereshteh Derakhshesh, Elham Fazeli, Parto Hasanizadeh, Maryam Hesaraki, Saba Karkheiran, Art & Culture Arvin Moazenzadeh, Homeira Mohebali, Bashir Momeni, Shirin Najvan 22 Tourism with Ethnic Groups in Iran Editor Shekufe Ranjbar 26 Religions in Iran 28 Farsi; a Language Rooted in History Translation Group Shekufe Ranjbar, Somayeh Shirizadeh 30 Taste Persia! Photographers Hessam Mirrahimi, Saeid Zohari, Reza Nouri, Payam Moein, -
The Poetics of Persian Music
The Poetics of Persian Music: The Intimate Correlation between Prosody and Persian Classical Music by Farzad Amoozegar-Fassie B.A., The University of Toronto, 2008 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Music) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2010 © Farzad Amoozegar-Fassie, 2010 Abstract Throughout most historical narratives and descriptions of Persian arts, poetry has had a profound influence on the development and preservation of Persian classical music, in particularly after the emergence of Islam in Iran. A Persian poetic structure consists of two parts: the form (its fundamental rhythmic structure, or prosody) and the content (the message that a poem conveys to its audience, or theme). As the practice of using rhythmic cycles—once prominent in Iran— deteriorated, prosody took its place as the source of rhythmic organization and inspiration. The recognition and reliance on poetry was especially evident amongst Iranian musicians, who by the time of Islamic rule had been banished from the public sphere due to the sinful socio-religious outlook placed on music. As the musicians’ dependency on prosody steadily grew stronger, poetry became the preserver, and, to a great extent, the foundation of Persian music’s oral tradition. While poetry has always been a significant part of any performance of Iranian classical music, little attention has been paid to the vitality of Persian/Arabic prosody as its main rhythmic basis. Poetic prosody is the rhythmic foundation of the Persian repertoire the radif, and as such it makes possible the development, memorization, expansion, and creation of the complex rhythmic and melodic compositions during the art of improvisation. -
Diwan-Flyer-2015 For-Web.Pdf
photography: Shmulik Balmas www.facebook.com/diwansazmusic www.twitter.com/diwansaz www.instagram.com/diwansaz Multi-Cultural Middle Eastern World Music Ensemble [email protected] +972-525-999-161 www.diwansaz.com Diwan Saz is a multicultural Jewish ,Christian & Muslim group of musicians who perform ancient music from Central Asia, Turkey, Persia, and the Holy Land - promoting peace and understanding through music. Diwan Saz marries together two great traditions that coexist in the Holy Land - Hebrew and Arab music, The songs are sung together by Rabbi David Menachem , Hamudi Gadir, Tzipora El Rei, lubna sallame & Amir shahsar whose powerful voices, rising at times above the instruments, demands almost undivided attention. Music of peace: The Daly Lama was once asked how to end the conflict between nations and people. He answered, “Through music - playing, learning, and teaching together”. The Diwan Saz Interfaith Ensemble embodies this philosophy photography: Andy Alpern through its repertoire of authentic folk and classical music of the Middle East performed by some of the most respected musicians in the region. The ensemble, led by Musical Director and Baglama musician Yohai Barak, has performed in festivals and venues ”But the most inspiring and quite symbolic performance throughout Europe, Israel , India and several prestigious of the night, was given by the Diwan Saz. A group which festivals in the United States and Canada including The South embodies the ideals of the Festival - diversity and mutual By Southwest Music Festival - Austin Texas. As musicians, respect. Diwan Saz marries together two great traditions artists and teachers Diwansaz combine their many years that coexist in the Holy Land - that of Jewish and Muslim of commitment to their art and their communities to bring a music …A true music of peace and harmony. -
Music of Central Asia and of the Volga-Ural Peoples. Teaching Aids for the Study of Inner Asia No
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 295 874 SO 019 077 AUTHOR Slobin, Mark TITLE Music of Central Asia and of the Volga-Ural Peoples. Teaching Aids for the Study of Inner Asia No. 5. INSTITUTION Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Asian Studies Research Inst. SPONS AGENCY Association for Asian Studies, .an Arbor, Mich. PUB DATE 77 NOTE 68p. AVAILABLE FROMAsian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 ($3.00). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) -- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; *Asian History; *Asian Studies; Cultural Education; Culture; Foreign Countries; Foreign Culture; Higher Education; Instructional Materials; *Music; Musical Instruments; Music Education; *Non Western Civilization; Resource Materials; Resource Units; Secondary Education; Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *Asia (Central).; *Asia (Volga Ural Region); Folk Music; USSR ABSTRACT The music of the peoples who inhabit either Central Asia or the Volga-Ural region of Asia is explored in this document, which provides information that can be incorporated into secondary or higher education courses. The Central Asian music cultures of the Kirghiz, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Karakalpaks, Uighurs, Tajiks, and Uzbeks are described and compared through examinations of: (1) physical environmental factors; (2) cultural patterns; (3) history; (4) music development; and (5) musical instruments. The music of the Volga-Ural peoples, who comprise the USSR nationalities of the Mari (Cheremis), Chuvash, Udmurts (Votyaks), Mordvins, Bashkirs, Tatars, and Kalmucks, is examined, with an emphasis on differences in musical instruments. A 13-item bibliography of Central Asian music and a 17-item Volga-Ural music bibliography are included. An appendix contains examples of musical scores from these regions. -
Relationship with Percussion Instruments
Multimedia Figure X. Building a Relationship with Percussion Instruments Bill Matney, Kalani Das, & Michael Marcionetti Materials used with permission by Sarsen Publishing and Kalani Das, 2017 Building a relationship with percussion instruments Going somewhere new can be exciting; it might also be a little intimidating or cause some anxiety. If I go to a party where I don’t know anybody except the person who invited me, how do I get to know anyone else? My host will probably be gracious enough to introduce me to others at the party. I will get to know their name, where they are from, and what they commonly do for work and play. In turn, they will get to know the same about me. We may decide to continue our relationship by learning more about each other and doing things together. As music therapy students, we develop relationships with music instruments. We begin by learning instrument names, and by getting to know a little about the instrument. We continue our relationship by learning technique and by playing music with them! Through our experiences and growth, we will be able to help clients develop their own relationships with instruments and music, and therefore be able to 1 strengthen the therapeutic process. Building a relationship with percussion instruments Recognize the Know what the instrument is Know where the Learn about what the instrument by made out of (materials), and instrument instrument is or was common name. its shape. originated traditionally used for. We begin by learning instrument names, and by getting to know a little about the instrument. -
SOUNDSCAPES: the Arab World Vocabulary
SOUNDSCAPES: The Arab World Vocabulary ADHAN The Islamic call to prayer. MAFRAJ A window‐lined room at the AL‐ANDALUS Around 1000 CE, the area now top of a house. called Spain and part of North MAGHREB The North African dessert. Africa. MAQAM Scales and notes that define AL‐QAHIRAH The Arabic name for Cairo, Arabic music tonality. Egypt. MINARET Part of a MOSQUE, a tower ARDHA A traditional Arabic dance, used for communication. common in Saudi Arabia. MIZHWIZ A double‐pipe double‐reed AS‐SANTOOR A multi‐stringed instrument wind instrument. played with wooden sticks. MIZMAR A single‐pipe double‐reed wind BEDOUIN Nomadic people of the Arabian instrument. and North African desert. MOSQUE An Islamic place of worship. BENDIR A round, flat, wooden‐framed NAY An end‐blown wind instrument. drum. OSTINATO Italian musical term for a BERBER Indigenous people of the North repeating pattern. African desert OUD/AL‐‘UD A pear‐shaped string CHA’ABI/SHA’ABI A style of dance and music instrument, similar to a lute. popular in some poorer Arab QANUN A large, flat multi‐stringed communities. instrument. DABKE A traditional line dance, RABABEH A single‐stringed bowed fiddle. popular in Lebanon. REBEC The European version of the DALOONAH Improvised music often used REBABEH, precursor to the with DABKE. violin. DERVISH Devout SUFI Muslims, similar to RIQ/TAR A round, flat, wooden‐framed Christian monks. drum with jingling plates DJELLABA A tunic, often worn by BERBER around the rim, similar to a men. tambourine. DJEMBE A West African drum, similar to SAWT A bluesy style of Arabic music, a DUMBEK. -
History of Guitar
History of Guitar A Brief History of the Guitar by Paul Guy The guitar is an ancient and noble instrument, whose history can be traced back over 4000 years. Many theories have been advanced about the instrument's ancestry. It has often been claimed that the guitar is a development of the lute, or even of the ancient Greek kithara. Research done by Dr. Michael Kasha in the 1960's showed these claims to be without merit. He showed that the lute is a result of a separate line of development, sharing common ancestors with the guitar, but having had no influence on its evolution. The influence in the opposite direction is undeniable, however - the guitar's immediate forefathers were a major influence on the development of the fretted lute from the fretless oud which the Moors brought with them to to Spain. The sole "evidence" for the kithara theory is the similarity between the greek word "kithara" and the Spanish word "quitarra". It is hard to imagine how the guitar could have evolved from the kithara, which was a completely different type of instrument - namely a square-framed lap harp, or "lyre". It would also be passing strange if a square-framed seven-string lap harp had given its name to the early Spanish 4-string "quitarra". Dr. Kasha turns the question around and asks where the Greeks got the name "kithara", and points out that the earliest Greek kitharas had only 4 strings when they were introduced from abroad. He surmises that the Greeks hellenified the old Persian name for a 4- stringed instrument, "chartar".