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Visiting Scholars: Further Information Updated October 2017
1 Visiting Scholars: Further information Updated October 2017 Introduction Durham Law School welcomes applications to its Visiting Scholars Programme. The School is widely- acknowledged to be one of the leading Law Schools in the UK and is a recognised centre of international excellence in legal scholarship and research. It has particular research strengths in the following areas: human rights; commercial law; criminal law and justice; European Union law; gender and legal theory; medical law and bioethics as supported by the numerous research centres and groups. Visiting Scholars will be based at Durham for a period from a week to a year. We give preference to applications for visits of up to three months, though we will consider applications for longer stays in order to allow Scholars to engage in research with academics working in related fields. Scholars are expected to pursue a specific research project while within the School and both to deliver and participate in research seminars. The School does not provide financial support for travel, accommodation or subsistence. Scholars are responsible for ensuring that they have the correct travel documentation, including visas. Admissions Because of the large number of applications we receive each year, Durham Law School is unable to accommodate all those who express interest in visiting for research purposes. Prospective visiting scholars must identify a possible sponsor in his / her area of research and contact them prior to submitting an application to be a visiting scholar at the Law School. Once that sponsor has been identified, applications should ask the sponsor for a brief statement of support. -
Developing a Relational Law of Contracts: Striking a Balance Between Abstraction and Contextualism
Legal Studies (2021), 41, 177–193 doi:10.1017/lst.2020.23 RESEARCH ARTICLE Developing a relational law of contracts: striking a balance between abstraction and contextualism Zoe Gounari*† Durham Law School, Durham University, Durham, UK *Author email: [email protected] (Accepted 20 May 2020) Abstract Relational contract theory holds that the interpretation of a contract must take full account of the context and surrounding circumstances of the parties’ bargain so as to give effect to their respective intentions. This paper argues that if a relational treatment of contracts is to be institutionalised, in the sense of being utilised in a contract dispute to determine and give effect to the parties’ intentions, then it must operate at an abstract level. That is to say, rather than using relevant context to determine what the actual parties intended in the circumstances at hand, the contextualist enquiry should ascertain the relevant con- text by reference to what the parties would have agreed to in the circumstances, had they properly reflected on what their self-interest requires. I discuss the merits of this proposition by reference to a number of appellate judgments, which already endorse contextualism as a response to contractual ambiguity, and I ultimately apply it to the Supreme Court’s judgment in Rainy Sky SA v Kookmin Bank. Keywords: relational contracts; contract theory; contract interpretation Introduction The ‘relational contract’ recently became the basis for controversy in English contract law, when Lord Leggatt, sitting at first instance, relied on this concept to justify implying a duty of good faith into an oral contract between two highly sophisticated parties.1 The contract concerned a joint venture formed between an investor and an hotelier for the purpose of buying and developing a number of luxury hotels in Greece. -
Parliament of Fiji Handbook
Parliament of Fiji Handbook Message from the Speaker The Fijian Parliament resumed its work in October 2014 following an election held in September 2014. The Constitution of the Republic of Fiji outlines the role and functions of the Parliament in Fiji’s system of governance. At one of its first sittings, the Parliament of Fiji adopted the Parliament’s Standing Orders that outline in detail the way that the Parliament operates. This Handbook is not designed to be an exhaustive, technical compendium of parliamentary procedure as we already have this in the Parliament of Fiji Standing Orders. The purpose of this Handbook is to provide a brief overview of the Parliament and it is designed for the use of all citizens. The Handbook aims to provide an introductory and straightforward description of the Parliament as an institution, the parliamentary context and the main jobs of Parliament and parliamentarians. This is a first edition, and the Handbook will be updated periodically, not least because it should be the intention of every Parliament to undergo a process of continual improvement. In developing this handbook, I am thankful to the senior Parliament staff who have provided expert technical input and the UNDP Fiji Parliament Support Project for their support in developing this important publication. Hon. Dr Jiko Luveni October 2016 Table of Contents A. Roles & Responsibilities 1 i) Rights & Responsibilities of MPs 1 Rights 1 Responsibilities 2 ii) Key Actors in Parliament 4 B. Passing a Law 6 i) Development of a Bill 6 Bill Originating from the Government 6 Bills Originating from MPs 7 ii) Stages of a Bill in Parliament 9 Introduction 9 2nd Reading 10 Standing Committee 11 Committee of the Whole Parliament on Bills 12 3rd Reading 14 Coming into Force 14 C. -
United Arab Emirates (Uae)
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, July 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) July 2007 COUNTRY اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴّﺔ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة (Formal Name: United Arab Emirates (Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah Dubai , أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ (The seven emirates, in order of size, are: Abu Dhabi (Abu Zaby .اﻹﻣﺎرات Al ,ﻋﺠﻤﺎن Ajman , أ مّ اﻟﻘﻴﻮﻳﻦ Umm al Qaywayn , اﻟﺸﺎرﻗﺔ (Sharjah (Ash Shariqah ,دﺑﻲّ (Dubayy) .رأس اﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ and Ras al Khaymah ,اﻟﻔﺠﻴﺮة Fajayrah Short Form: UAE. اﻣﺮاﺗﻰ .(Term for Citizen(s): Emirati(s أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ .Capital: Abu Dhabi City Major Cities: Al Ayn, capital of the Eastern Region, and Madinat Zayid, capital of the Western Region, are located in Abu Dhabi Emirate, the largest and most populous emirate. Dubai City is located in Dubai Emirate, the second largest emirate. Sharjah City and Khawr Fakkan are the major cities of the third largest emirate—Sharjah. Independence: The United Kingdom announced in 1968 and reaffirmed in 1971 that it would end its treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Coast states, which had been under British protection since 1892. Following the termination of all existing treaties with Britain, on December 2, 1971, six of the seven sheikhdoms formed the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The seventh sheikhdom, Ras al Khaymah, joined the UAE in 1972. Public holidays: Public holidays other than New Year’s Day and UAE National Day are dependent on the Islamic calendar and vary from year to year. For 2007, the holidays are: New Year’s Day (January 1); Muharram, Islamic New Year (January 20); Mouloud, Birth of Muhammad (March 31); Accession of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi—observed only in Abu Dhabi (August 6); Leilat al Meiraj, Ascension of Muhammad (August 10); first day of Ramadan (September 13); Eid al Fitr, end of Ramadan (October 13); UAE National Day (December 2); Eid al Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice (December 20); and Christmas Day (December 25). -
13Th Annual International Conference on Contracts Conference Program
13th Annual International Conference on Contracts Conference Program Friday, February 23 8:00 - 8:45 a.m. Registration (Lobby) and American Breakfast Legal Advocacy Center lobby & 3rd floor event room 8:45 - 9:00 a.m. Welcome and Opening Remarks (Dean Leticia M. Diaz) Legal Advocacy Center, room LAC 111 9:00 - 10:30 a.m. Panel Session 1 (Concurrent Sessions) The Future of Contracts, Contract Law, and Contracts Scholarship Legal Advocacy Center, room LAC 111 • Michael T. Morley (moderator), Barry University School of Law • Daniel D. Barnhizer, Michigan State University College of Law, Automation of Contract Law and Dispute Resolution: Case Study in Corpus Linguistics Applications in Analyzing Contracts Arbitrability Decisions • Mark Edwin Burge, Texas A&M University School of Law, Masters of Jurisprudence? Contract Law Bargains for a New Audience • Jeffrey Lipshaw, Suffolk University Law School, The Persistence of Dumb Contracts (and Law) • Val D. Ricks, South Texas College of Law Houston, Contract Law Scholarship and Collaboration Contract Interpretation and Construction Legal Advocacy Center, room LAC 110 • Frederick B. Jonassen (moderator), Barry University School of Law • Omri Ben-Shahar, University of Chicago Law School, Interpreting Contracts via Surveys and Experiments • Steven J. Burton, The University of Iowa College of Law, Traynor, Corbin and Humpty Dumpty • Milva Finnegan, PhD Candidate & Researcher, University of Vaasa, From a Natural Language to a Controlled Contract Language • Amir Pichhadze, (via Skype) Deakin Law School, Contract Interpretation in Transfer Pricing Law: Lessons for the United States Post-BEPS 10:30-10:45 a.m. Break 10:45 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Panel Session 2 (Plenary Session) Barry Law Review Symposium Panel: A Half-Century of Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (a panel in honor of Professors White and Summers) Moot Courtroom • Victor P. -
Israeli Scholarships for Fijians, Praise for Govt, RFMF
FRIDAY FEBRUARY 21, 2020 l 16 PAGES l ISSUE 3 VOL 11 l WWW.FIJI.GOV.FJ Fijijj Focus Israeli scholarships for Fijians, praise for Govt, RFMF Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama with President of the State of Israel, Reuven Rivlin at Pullman Resort and Spa in Wailoaloa, Nadi yesterday. Photo: NANISE NEIMILA DEEPER TIES MEREANI GONEDUA nouncement, highlighted that the new Pacific. This collaboration will enable us to culture that has enabled their relationship to scholarships would begin in August this work together to apply Israeli innovation deepen over the years. TOTAL of 100 new scholarships year for students interested in agriculture. to pressing challenges such as food secu- While acknowledging Fiji’s contribution for Fiji and the Pacific island coun- “I am also proud to announce that Israel rity, climate change, ocean rise and public towards peacekeeping, President Rivlin also A tries has been announced by Israel will open a centre of excellence and in- health. President, Reuven Rivlin. novation for Pacific Island States in col- President Rivlin said Fiji and Israel have President Rivlin, while making the an- laboration with the University of the South cooperated in many fields apart from agri- CONTINUES ON PAGE 3 email: [email protected]; @FijianGovt; Fijian Government; visit us @ www.fiji.gov.fj NATIONAL MATTERS phone: 3301806 Work on common goals, minister urges PICs INSIDE AZARIA FAREEN ACIFIC Island Countries (PICs) should work togeth- $17M GRANT FOR Per towards their common DISASTER RESILIENCE - 15 goal despite challenges linked to changing climate, frayed interna- GOVT PRAISED FOR BRINGING tional markets and threats to the POWER TO COMMUNITY - 14 multilateral trading system. -
CONSTITUTION of the REPUBLIC of FIJI CONSTITUTION of the REPUBLIC of FIJI I
CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF FIJI CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF FIJI i CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF FIJI CONTENTS _______ PREAMBLE CHAPTER 1—THE STATE 1. The Republic of Fiji 2. Supremacy of the Constitution 3. Principles of constitutional interpretation 4. Secular State 5. Citizenship CHAPTER 2—BILL OF RIGHTS 6. Application 7. Interpretation of this Chapter 8. Right to life 9. Right to personal liberty 11. Freedom from cruel and degrading treatment 12. Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure 13. Rights of arrested and detained persons 14. Rights of accused persons 15. Access to courts or tribunals 16. Executive and administrative justice 17. Freedom of speech, expression and publication 18. Freedom of assembly 19. Freedom of association 20. Employment relations 21. Freedom of movement and residence 22. Freedom of religion, conscience and belief 23. Political rights 24. Right to privacy 25. Access to information 26. Right to equality and freedom from discrimination 27. Freedom from compulsory or arbitrary acquisition of property 28. Rights of ownership and protection of iTaukei, Rotuman and Banaban lands 29. Protection of ownership and interests in land 30. Right of landowners to fair share of royalties for extraction of minerals 31. Right to education 32. Right to economic participation 33. ii 34. Right to reasonable access to transportation 35. Right to housing and sanitation 36. Right to adequate food and water 37. Right to social security schemes 38. Right to health 39. Freedom from arbitrary evictions 40. Environmental rights 41. Rights of children 42. Rights of persons with disabilities 43. Limitation of rights under states of emergency 44. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Towards a Human-Centred International Law: Self-Determination and the Structure of the International Legal System SPARKS, THOMAS,MATTHEW,SMITH How to cite: SPARKS, THOMAS,MATTHEW,SMITH (2017) Towards a Human-Centred International Law: Self-Determination and the Structure of the International Legal System, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12408/ Use policy This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives 3.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Towards a Human-Centred International Law: Self-Determination and the Structure of the International Legal System Thomas Matthew Smith Sparks Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Durham Law School Durham University Palatine Centre Stockton Road Durham 2017 Abstract In recent years a number of scholars (most notably Anne Peters, Christian Tomuschat, Ruti Teitel and Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade) have identified an ongoing process of change in the international legal system’s relationship with individuals and groups of individuals. That change has been referred to as a humanisation of international law. This thesis contributes to that area of study by offering an account of the deep level changes to the foundations of the international legal system, which it argues are both driving and are recursively driven by changes in substantive international law. It finds the explanation for these changes in the idea of the self-determination of the individual, and it argues that this concept has now become a structural principle (a term borrowed from Giddens, 1984) of the international legal system. -
FREEDOM in the WORLD 2020 United Arab Emirates 17 NOT FREE /100
4/28/2020 United Arab Emirates | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 United Arab Emirates 17 NOT FREE /100 Political Rights 5 /40 Civil Liberties 12 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 17 /100 Not Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. TOP https://freedomhouse.org/country/united-arab-emirates/freedom-world/2020 1/15 4/28/2020 United Arab Emirates | Freedom House Overview The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates led in practice by Abu Dhabi, the largest by area and richest in natural resources. Limited elections are held for a federal advisory body, but political parties are banned, and all executive, legislative, and judicial authority ultimately rests with the seven hereditary rulers. The civil liberties of both citizens and noncitizens, who make up an overwhelming majority of the population, are subject to significant restrictions. Key Developments in 2019 Pope Francis undertook the first papal visit to the UAE and the Arabian Peninsula in February, as Emirati officials sought to burnish the country’s reputation for religious tolerance. In May, Emirati media circulated video images of Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al- Nahyan, ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the UAE, meeting well-wishers during Ramadan. Sheikh Khalifa had rarely appeared in public since suffering a stroke in 2014; his half-brother and designated heir, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, remained the country’s de facto ruler. Nonpartisan elections for half of the seats on the UAE’s advisory council were held in October, featuring a somewhat expanded pool of eligible voters and greater participation by women candidates, though turnout remained low. -
Finding the Right Balance the 8Th Centre for Democratic Institutions Pacific Parliamentary Dialogue Samoa, 11 – 13 December 2006
National Interest, Local Concerns: Finding the Right Balance The 8th Centre for Democratic Institutions Pacific Parliamentary Dialogue Samoa, 11 – 13 December 2006 1 Contents Introduction..........................................................................................................................3 The Dialogue in context......................................................................................................4 The Dialogue in 2006...........................................................................................................6 Themes ..............................................................................................................................6 Day One: Including Everyone ...........................................................................................7 Official Opening ..............................................................................................................7 Keynote Address .............................................................................................................7 The Role of Women in Political Parties ........................................................................8 The Role of Women in Parliament ................................................................................8 Women in National Leadership ....................................................................................9 Day Two: National Interests & Local Concerns ..............................................................9 Finding the Right Balance ..............................................................................................9 -
List of Participants Liste Des Participants
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS 142nd IPU Assembly and Related Meetings (virtual) 24 to 27 May 2021 - 2 - Mr./M. Duarte Pacheco President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Président de l'Union interparlementaire Mr./M. Martin Chungong Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Secrétaire général de l'Union interparlementaire - 3 - I. MEMBERS - MEMBRES AFGHANISTAN RAHMANI, Mir Rahman (Mr.) Speaker of the House of the People Leader of the delegation EZEDYAR, Mohammad Alam (Mr.) Deputy Speaker of the House of Elders KAROKHAIL, Shinkai (Ms.) Member of the House of the People ATTIQ, Ramin (Mr.) Member of the House of the People REZAIE, Shahgul (Ms.) Member of the House of the People ISHCHY, Baktash (Mr.) Member of the House of the People BALOOCH, Mohammad Nadir (Mr.) Member of the House of Elders HASHIMI, S. Safiullah (Mr.) Member of the House of Elders ARYUBI, Abdul Qader (Mr.) Secretary General, House of the People Member of the ASGP NASARY, Abdul Muqtader (Mr.) Secretary General, House of Elders Member of the ASGP HASSAS, Pamir (Mr.) Acting Director of Relations to IPU Secretary to the delegation ALGERIA - ALGERIE GOUDJIL, Salah (M.) Président du Conseil de la Nation Président du Groupe, Chef de la délégation BOUZEKRI, Hamid (M.) Vice-Président du Conseil de la Nation (RND) BENBADIS, Fawzia (Mme) Membre du Conseil de la Nation Comité sur les questions relatives au Moyen-Orient KHARCHI, Ahmed (M.) Membre du Conseil de la Nation (FLN) DADA, Mohamed Drissi (M.) Secrétaire Général, Conseil de la Nation Secrétaire général -
Games Without Frontiers: Renegotiating the Boundaries of Power in Iraqi Kurdistan
GAMES WITHOUT FRONTIERS: RENEGOTIATING THE BOUNDARIES OF POWER IN IRAQI KURDISTAN THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE MIKE FLEET AND MEGAN CONNELLY JUNE 2021 WWW.MEI.EDU Photo above: Kurdistan parliament speaker Rewaz Faiq (top C), leads a parliament session in Erbil, the capital of Iraq’s northern autonomous Kurdish region, on May 25, 2021. Photo by SAFIN HAMED/AFP via Getty Images. Introduction Over the past year, intensifying political and economic conflicts between the Kurdistan Region’s two hegemonic parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of The parties’ efforts Kurdistan (PUK), have challenged the legal and institutional order to renegotiate their in which the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) operates. While financial entitlements power has always been concentrated in an exclusive coalition of and the scope of their partisan elites, the KDP and PUK had each tacitly acknowledged administrative control the other’s de facto autonomy over the territories they governed have so far produced independently from the civil war of the 1990s until the reunification no consensus. of the KRG. But a new generation of leadership within the parties, a fraught relationship with the federal government, and a prolonged economic crisis exacerbated by collapsing oil prices and the global pandemic have strained the KDP-PUK relationship to its breaking point. While the KDP has claimed a majoritarian mandate to govern on a reform platform that eliminates consociational entitlements, the PUK has issued an ultimatum: respect local autonomy and 2 A new generation of leadership, a fraught relationship with [Baghdad], and a prolonged economic crisis exacerbated by collapsing oil prices and the global pandemic have strained the KDP-PUK relationship to its breaking point.” restore an equitable division of power within the KRG or it will in consumer demand during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, withdraw from the governing coalition.