WATER HYACINTH Eichhornia Crassipes

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New Invasive Plants of the Midwest Fact Sheet WATER HYACINTH Eichhornia crassipes Description: Water hyacinth is a free‐floating aquatic herb. Thick, waxy leaves are entire, and form in rosettes that reach up to 3 feet above water surface. Leaf blades are round to kidney‐shaped and are 1.5‐5 inches across. Water hyacinth has striking inflated petioles that enable it to float on the water surface. Feathery, blue‐black to dark purple roots are dense near the root crown and heavily branched. Flowers are showy; clusters of 8‐15 form in 1.5‐6 inch panicles. Flowers are light purple with 6 petals, 2‐3 inches in diameter. Fruit is a 3‐celled capsule that contains up to 450 seeds. New plants develop vegetatively, as new rosettes form on floating stolons. Ecological threat: Water hyacinth is considered invasive in 56 countries. It spreads exceedingly quickly and is able to double its population in just 6‐18 days. One acre of water hyacinth can weigh up to 200 tons. It forms large, dense mats that degrade water quality and clog waterways. These dense mats prevent air and light diffusion, altering and even killing native plant and animal communities. Water hyacinth is sold in the aquatic plant trade. Native Range: Amazon basin Current North American Range: Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin, southeastern states, north to Virginia, and west to Arizona and California. Current Midwest Distribution, including Ontario For up‐to‐date management options, see Not Known Isolated http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/management‐options/water‐ Locally Abundant Widespread hyacinth. Photo Credits: Vic Ramey, University of Florida/IFAS; Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org; Karen Brown, University of Florida, Bugwood.org Early detection and rapid response can help stop the spread!.

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2. EICHHORNIA Kunth, Eichhornia, 3. 1842, Nom. Cons. 凤眼蓝属 Feng Yan Lan Shu Piaropus Rafinesque, Nom
Flora of China 24: 41–42. 2000. 2. EICHHORNIA Kunth, Eichhornia, 3. 1842, nom. cons. 凤眼蓝属 feng yan lan shu Piaropus Rafinesque, nom. rej. Herbs annual or perennial, aquatic, floating or creeping, rooting from nodes. Leaves rosulate or alternate; petiole long, rarely in- flated; leaf blade cordate, broadly ovate-rhomboidal, or linear-lanceolate. Inflorescences terminal, erect during anthesis but then re- flexed, pedunculate, spiciform or paniculate, 2- to many flowered. Flowers zygomorphic or subactinomorphic. Stamens 6, inserted on proximal part of perianth, often 3 longer and 3 shorter; filaments filiform, hairy; anthers dorsifixed, oblong. Ovary sessile, 3- loculed; ovules numerous per locule. Style filiform, curved; stigma slightly dilated or very shortly 3- or 6-lobed. Capsule ovoid, oblong, or linear-fusiform, included in marcescent perianth tube; pericarp membranous. Seeds numerous, longitudinally winged, cross striate. Seven species: mainly in tropical America, one species in tropical Africa; one species (introduced) in China. 1. Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms in A. de Candolle & C. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 527. 1883. 凤眼蓝 feng yan lan Pontederia crassipes Martius, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 9. 1823; Eichhornia speciosa Kunth; Heteranthera formosa Miquel. Herbs floating, 0.3–2 m. Roots many, long, fibrous. Stems very short; stolons greenish or purplish, long, apically produc- ing new plants. Leaves radical, rosulate; petiole yellowish green to greenish, 10–40 cm, spongy, usually very much swollen at or below middle; leaf blade orbicular, broadly ovate, or rhomboi- dal, 4.5–14.5 × 5–14 cm, leathery, glabrous, densely veined, base shallowly cordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate. Inflores- cences bracteate, spirally 7–15-flowered; peduncle 35–45 cm.
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Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms)
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) Gray Turnage, M.S., Research Associate III, Mississippi State University Problems: Forms dense mats of floating vegetation (Figure 1) that inhibit growth of native plant species and reduce the water quality of habitat utilized by aquatic fauna. Mats can also inhibit recreational uses of waterbodies, commercial navigation, hydro power generation, clog irrigation pumps, and worsen flood events. Water hyacinth is often called “the world’s worst aquatic weed” due to its presence on every continent (except Antarctica) and its rapid growth rate. Regulations: None in MS. Description: Water hyacinth a free-floating, perennial plant that is often confused with the native American frogbit. The primary characteristic used to distinguish hyacinth from frogbit is the presence of a ‘bulbous’ structure at the base of the hyacinth leaves. Hyacinth can grow to approximately a meter in height (referred to as ‘bull hyacinth’ at this stage) and produces large, showy, purple flowers throughout the growing season (Figure 1). Dispersal: A popular water-gardening plant, water hyacinth is native to South America but has been found throughout many states in the U.S. and is very common in MS (Figure 2; Turnage and Shoemaker 2018; Turnage et al. 2019). Water hyacinth primarily spreads through daughter plants and seeds (Figure 2). Each rosette is capable of producing multiple daughter plants per growing season. In optimal growing conditions, water hyacinth can double in biomass in 5-6 days. Control Strategies: Physical-summer drawdown may control water hyacinth but will likely cause negative impacts to fish populations. Mechanical-hand removal of small patches and individual rosettes may be effective; mechanical mowers can provide short term relief but usually cause further spread through plant fragmentation.
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Chevroned Water Hyacinth Weevil Neochetina Bruchi Hustache (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1 Eutychus Kariuki and Carey Minteer2
EENY-741 Chevroned Water Hyacinth Weevil Neochetina bruchi Hustache (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1 Eutychus Kariuki and Carey Minteer2 The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles albiguttalis; and a planthopper, Megamelus scutellaris, of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms which were introduced into the United States in 1972, 1977, relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of and 2010, respectively (Tipping et al. 2014, Cuda and Frank interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well 2019). as academic audiences. Although larvae and pupae of chevroned water hyacinth Introduction weevil and mottled water hyacinth weevil are similar in appearance and behavior and can be difficult to differentiate Neochetina bruchi Hustache is commonly referred to as the by casual observation (Deloach and Cordo 1976), adult chevroned water hyacinth weevil and is a weed biological stages of the two species of water hyacinth weevils can be control agent used to manage water hyacinth, Pontederia distinguished relatively easily based on the color patterns crassipes Mart. [formerly Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms on their elytra (hardened forewings) (see below). (Pellegrini et al. 2018)], in more than 30 countries (Winston et al. 2014). Imported from Argentina, the insect was first introduced into the United States in Florida in 1974 and Description later released in Louisiana in 1974 (Manning 1979), Texas Adults in 1980, and California from 1982 to 1983 (Winston et al. The adults of chevroned water hyacinth weevil are 3.5 to 2014). Chevroned water hyacinth weevils currently occur 4.5 mm (males) and 4.1 to 5.0 mm (females) in length throughout the Gulf Coast States (Winston et al.
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Monographs on Invasive Plants in Europe N°2:Eichhornia Crassipes
BOTANY LETTERS, 2017 VOL. 164, NO. 4, 303–326 https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2017.1381041 MONOGRAPHS ON INVASIVE PLANTS IN EUROPE N° 2 Monographs on invasive plants in Europe N° 2: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Julie A. Coetzeea, Martin P. Hillb, Trinidad Ruiz-Téllezc , Uwe Starfingerd and Sarah Brunele aBotany Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; bDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; cGrupo de Investigación en Biología de la Conservación, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain; dJulius Kühn-Institut,Institute for National and International Plant Health, Braunschweig, Germany; eEuropean and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, Paris, France ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Eichhornia crassipes is notorious as the world’s worst aquatic weed, and here we present Received 10 July 2017 all aspects of its biology, ecology and invasion behaviour within the framework of the new Accepted 14 September 2017 series of Botany Letters on Monographs on invasive plants in Europe. Native to the Amazon in KEYWORDS South America, the plant has been spread around the world since the late 1800s through the water hyacinth; invasion; ornamental plant trade due to its attractive lilac flowers, and is established on every continent management; legislation except Antarctica. Its distribution is limited in Europe to the warmer southern regions by cold winter temperatures, but it has extensive ecological and socio-economic impacts where it invades. Its reproductive behaviour, characterised by rapid vegetative spread and high seed production, as well as its wide physiological tolerance, allows it to proliferate rapidly and persist in a wide range of environments. It has recently been regulated by the EU, under Regulation No.
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Eichhornia Azurea A
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China: a Rich Flora Needed of Urgent Conservationprovided by Digital.CSIC
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Water Hyacinth in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia Firehun Yirefu Gebregiorgis Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr P.C. Struik Professor of Crop Physiology Wageningen University & Research Co-promotors Dr E.A. Lantinga Associate professor, Farming Systems Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Dr Taye Tessema Lecturer Plant Sciences Ambo University, Ethiopia Other members Prof. Dr D. Kleijn, Wageningen University & Research Prof. Dr J.J.A. van Loon, Wageningen University & Research Dr G.E. van Halsema, Wageningen University & Research Dr C. Kempenaar, Wageningen University & Research This research was conducted under the auspices of the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia Firehun Yirefu Gebregiorgis Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus, Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 31 March 2017 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Firehun Yirefu Gebregiorgis Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia, 174 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands (2017) With references, with summary in English ISBN 978-94-6343-056-2 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/401611 Abstract Firehun Yirefu Gebregiorgis (2017). Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Eichhornia Crassipes Global Invasive
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia crassipes System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Liliopsida Liliales Pontederiaceae Common name water hyacinth (English), wota haisin (English, Papua New Guinea), jacinthe d'eau (French), floating water hyacinth (English), bung el ralm (Palauan), bung el ralm (English, Palau), mbekambekairanga (Fijian), water orchid (English), wasserhyazinthe (German), jal khumbe (English, Fiji), jacinto-aquatico (Portuguese), lechuguilla (Spanish), jal kumbhi (Hindi, India), jacinto de agua (English, Puerto Rico), lila de agua (English, Dominican Repbulic), riri vai (English, Cook Islands), bekabe kairanga (English, Fiji), lirio acuatico (English), aguapé (Portuguese, Brazil) Synonym Pontederia crassipes , Mart. (basionym) Eichhornia speciosa , Kunth Piaropus crassipes , (Mart.) Raf. Heteranthera formosa Piaropus mesomelas Similar species Limnobium spongia Summary Originally from South America, Eichhornia crassipes is one of the worst aquatic weeds in the world. Its beautiful, large purple and violet flowers make it a popular ornamental plant for ponds. It is now found in more than 50 countries on five continents. Water hyacinth is a very fast growing plant, with populations known to double in as little as 12 days. Infestations of this weed block waterways, limiting boat traffic, swimming and fishing. Water hyacinth also prevents sunlight and oxygen from reaching the water column and submerged plants. Its shading and crowding of native aquatic plants dramatically reduces biological diversity in aquatic ecosystems. view this species on IUCN Red List Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Eichhornia crassipes. Pag. 1 Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=70 [Accessed 07 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Eichhornia crassipes Species Description E.
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