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Connecting with Agriculture and Food Systems Guide to Expanding Mitigation CONNECTING WITH AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS REGION 10 The Guide to Expanding Mitigation: Connecting with Agriculture and Food Systems can help community officials create effective connections with individuals and businesses in this critical sector. The guide is designed to improve understanding, preparation and planning for hazard events by local officials. This guide also gives community and tribal leaders information Local, fresh food is a priority in this region. Restaurants boast farm-to- they need to: table entrees. Weekly farmers markets pop up throughout rural and urban • Begin conversations. neighborhoods. Dockside fish markets dot our coastlines. The agriculture and food sector is important to local economies. Food is essential, yet • Build partnerships. communities in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington often overlook • Plan for and invest in mitigation projects. risks affecting the local food system when they plan for natural hazards. These steps can increase the resilience of local and regional Acting to mitigate the risks of future disaster events increases community food systems. resilience. It can also protect the vital local resources where people farm, ranch, fish, hunt and gather food. Communities and tribes should include members of the food systems network in their hazard mitigation planning process to better understand and address this sector’s key challenges through resilience-based efforts. CONTENTS Agriculture and Food Production in Our Region .................................................... 3 WHAT ARE FOOD SYSTEMS? Engaging Agriculture and Food Production Partners in Mitigation Planning .... 6 According to the American Planning Association, they are a geographically Food System Risk and Vulnerability Analysis ......................................................12 integrated chain of activities that connect the production, processing, distribution Agriculture and Working Landscapes Enhance Resilience ................................ 16 and consumption of food. Funding Mitigation Projects ................................................................................... 20 While food systems are discussed throughout, this guide mainly focuses on Resources for Food Systems and Hazard Mitigation Efforts ............................. 22 agriculture and food production. This is used as an umbrella term to refer to both commercial and subsistence-based farming, ranching, fishing, hunting Funding Resources .................................................................................................. 23 and gathering activities (see page 3 for more information on common types of References ............................................................................................................... 24 agriculture and food production in our region). Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 25 Learn more about food systems at: https://www.planning.org/knowledgebase/food/. 2 1 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION IN OUR REGION HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING PROCESS Protecting local resources and products from natural hazard events can State, local, tribal and territorial governments use hazard mitigation support and enrich local and global food security. This, in turn, strengthens planning to identify their risks and vulnerabilities to natural disasters. the local economy. Planning includes developing long-term strategies for protecting people Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington offer a wide variety of goods. Wine, fish, and property from future hazard events (FEMA.gov). FEMA requires produce, dairy and livestock are just a sample. In this region, rural communities hazard mitigation plans for certain grants and non-disaster programs. also rely heavily on independent growing, gathering, hunting and fishing to survive. When we consider the variety of wild and farmed resources, the number of people the sector employs, our dependency on these resources for food, and the economic impact of losing them, it is clear that mitigating the effects of hazardous events is essential. Capacity Organizing Building the Planning Process & Resources Adopt & HAZARD WHAT IS FOOD SECURITY? Implement In brief, it is a community’s ability to access (physically and economically) MITGATION PLAN Assess a Plan 5-YEAR CYCLE enough safe and nutritious food. For more information on how the United Risks & States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is working toward global food Capabilities security, visit: https://www.usda.gov/topics/food-and-nutrition/food-security. Public Comment Develop a Mitgation Strategy COMMON TYPES OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION IN OUR REGION Agriculture The science or practice of farming, including growing crops and raising animals to produce food, fiber, fuel and other products. Aquaculture (also referred to as aquafarming) Cultivating aquatic animals and plants, such as shrimp, fish, oysters, clams and seaweed. This farming can use either inland (freshwater) or coastal (brackish or seawater) areas. Subsistence-Based Activities Hunting, fishing, gathering and farming for food and goods that are mostly consumed by the farm family, with little surplus for sale or trade. The lands used for hunting, fishing and gathering are managed to support the reproduction of target species. 2 3 REGIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION Farmers use greenhouses ALASKA and nurseries to extend the OREGON short growing season— Subsistence-based use making this the second Oregon is the nation’s Agriculture makes of fish and game for largest agricultural sector top producer of hazelnuts, up nearly 11% of the consumption is prioritized in the state (by dollar rhubarb and blueberries. state’s exports. first in Alaska. value), after aquaculture. Rural subsistence users The state exports around More than 60% Diverse growing regions harvest an estimated 80% of its agricultural of the commercial and access to the 36.9 million products (to seafood harvested in Pacific Ocean result in pounds of wild other states the U.S. comes from here. over 220 commodities. foods each year. or countries). IDAHO WASHINGTON Agriculture, the largest Coastal areas industry, provides Potato crops here Washington grows include thriving 20% of the gross state account for 30% of 70% of all apples port locations and product each year. the nation’s total. in the U.S. markets for seafood. Idaho is the top producer The state is the number of barley and trout, the Steelhead trout and one producer of apples, Up to 85% of the number two producer of salmon fisheries are blueberries, pears, hops, world’s sweet corn hops and sugar beets and cooperatively managed by seed is grown here. spearmint oil and sweet third producer of cheese the state and local tribes. cherries in the U.S. and milk in the U.S. Alaska Data Sources: Farm Flavor; NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service), USDA; Bureau of Land Oregon Data Sources: Farm Flavor; NASS, USDA; Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2019 Report from the 4 Management; Alaska Department of Fish and Game State Board of Agriculture, Oregon Fresh 5 Idaho Data Sources: Farm Flavor; NASS, USDA; Idaho Department of Agriculture Washington Data Sources: Farm Flavor; NASS, USDA; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife ENGAGING AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION Identify Complementary Plans PARTNERS IN MITIGATION PLANNING Complementary plans, like the Agriculture Resilience Plan highlighted on page 6, can help inform the hazard mitigation planning process. These plans can reveal How can we make our communities’ agriculture and food production more shared objectives and provide a record of past and ongoing activities. Collaborating disaster resilient? Involve farmers, ranchers, fishers and subsistence users on separate planning efforts can also identify existing abilities to plan for and apply in hazard mitigation planning. Bringing these key parties into the planning mitigation activities. Integrating planning efforts can help communities prepare for process will help a community or tribe understand the crucial role of this natural hazard events and speed their recovery. sector and its potential vulnerabilities. It will also reveal new ways to reduce risk and create resilience. In addition, the people who own, manage and live Actively Pursue Collaboration off the land will become partners in enhancing its resiliency. There are four Enlist agricultural partners in planning. Inviting farmers, fishers, ranchers, key ways to foster these types of meaningful partnerships: subsistence users and others to participate can help identify vulnerabilities and • Identify complementary plans. mitigation opportunities. Their involvement in planning can align the community’s understanding of its hazards of concern, the tolls of past events, potential impacts • Actively pursue collaboration. of future events and ways to reduce risks. • Support and connect with your partners. • Look for partners outside the immediate community. Support and Connect Your Partners Involving groups from the agriculture and food production sector in mitigation planning may also benefit other areas of emergency management. Cultivating ENGAGING WITH FARMERS TO DEVELOP these connections can lead to new or strengthened partnerships. Involving private AN AGRICULTURE RESILIENCE PLAN businesses and subsistence-based community groups in hazard mitigation planning can build stronger relationships between the agriculture and food In Washington, the Snohomish County Conservation
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