DOCSLIB.ORG

Preparatory Survey on the Project for the Improvement of the Tema Motorway Roundabout in the Republic of Ghana Final Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MINISTRY OF ROADS AND HIGHWAYS GHANA HIGHWAY AUTHORITY PREPARATORY SURVEY ON THE PROJECT FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE TEMA MOTORWAY ROUNDABOUT IN THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA FINAL REPORT February 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. EI JR 17-009 MINISTRY OF ROADS AND HIGHWAYS GHANA HIGHWAY AUTHORITY PREPARATORY SURVEY ON THE PROJECT FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE TEMA MOTORWAY ROUNDABOUT IN THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA FINAL REPORT February 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. PREFACE In response to the request from the government of Ghana, the government of Japan decided to conduct the “Preparatory Survey on the Project for the Improvement of the Tema Motorway Roundabout in the Republic of Ghana” and entrusted the survey to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched a survey team headed by Mr. Ryohei Watanabe of CTI Engineering International Co., LTD. from March 2015 to March 2017. The survey team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Republic of Ghana, and conducted field studies associated with various engineering surveys. The results and findings of the field studies and the analysis results carried out in Japan are compiled in this report. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Republic of Kiribati for their close cooperation extended to the survey team. February, 2017 Akira NAKAMURA Director General Infrastructure and Peacebuilding Department Japan International Cooperation Agency SUMMARY 1．Situation of Republic of Ghana (hereafter referred to as Ghana) Although located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the subregion of West Africa ninety- five percent (95%) of the country’s transport is dependent on road transport. Ghana has been making remarkable progress recently in improving the road network. However, only half of the entire arterial roads is paved and 38% of the paved surface is severely deteriorated. The Government of Ghana (GOG) formulated the National Transport Policy in 2008 and has been expanding and upgrading the international corridors. In particular, the policy puts high importance in the development of road network in the Greater Accra Region (GAR) that has a population of about 4 million as of 2010 and lying at the nodal point of three international transit corridors; i) Abidjan-Lagos Corridor, ii) Central Corridor, and iii) Eastern Corridor of Ghana with an aim to not only secure smooth flow of international logistics but also to resolve traffic issues of the region. The Tema Motorway Roundabout is a 5-leg roundabout where traffic from Accra and Tema Port converge, causing heavy traffic congestion during rush hours. The congestion and speed retardation at the roundabout is becoming an impediment to smooth and safe movement of people and traffic. In addition, the number of cargo vessels at Tema Port has been increasing in an annual rate of 12% between year 2000 and 2012. The GOG is planning expansion of the port to correspond to the increase. The is expansion plan is anticipated to contribute to significant increase of traffic volume in this region and at the roundabout as well. 2. Requested Scope The request made by the GOG is a phase wise improvement of Tema Intersection. The scopes of each phase are as follows; Phase-1: Construction of 1st tier flyover including detailed design and construction supervision Phase-2: Construction of 2nd tier flyover including detailed design and construction supervision 3．Survey Schedule Survey schedule is shown in Table-1. Table-1 Survey Schedule Surveys (Site Survey etc.) Period 1st Site Survey April 7th 2015 ~ May 22nd 2015 Interim report Explanation October 19th 2015 ~ October 31st 2015 2nd Site Survey November 11th 2015 ~ December 20th 2015 Design Review and Traffic Safety by June 23rd 2016 ~ July 15th 2016 GHA Draft Final Report Explanation November 2nd 2016 ~ November 14th 2016 4．Project Scope A preliminary comparison of improvement methods, which was based on conceptual images and limited was carried out and explained to the GOG during the IC/R meetings. The comparison was substantiated and application was justified by reflecting actual figures and data obtained from various engineering surveys and hearings conducted during the site surveys. The project scope was then determined, discussed with JICA, explained to GHA and sought GHA’s agreement. The agreed scope of the project is shown in Table-2. Table-2 Project Scope Requested Scopes Target Phase-1 ○ Construction of 1st level flyover including improvement (to be undertaken by of the objective roundabout, the detailed design of a graded this project) intersection and construction supervision Phase -2 － Construction of 2nd level flyover including, the detailed design of a flyover and construction supervision 5．Project Outline The outline of the for Phase 1 is shown in Table 3. Table-3 Outline of Project for Phase 1 Items Specification and rough quantities East - West Total Length 2,100m Direction 730m （Motorway – Depress Section （Box culvert：190m、 ： ） Aflao Road） Depress section 540m Length Length North - South Direction （Harbor Road – Akosombo Road） 1,900m Lamps 7,000m Service Road 3,500m 100km/h Design Speed （Harbor Road : 80km/h） Design Motorway STA.0+0~8+20 31.9m Depress Section STA.8+20～10+10 31.9m ～ Outline Aflao Road STA.10+10 16+0 31.9m Harbor Road STA.0+0～7+0 11.0m Road Width Akosombo Road STA.7+0～14+20 11.0m Service Road 6.0m Motorway / Depress Section / Aflao Road 3 Lanes / 3.65m (3.65m×3=10.95m) Width Akosombo Road / Harbor Road 2 Lanes / 3.65m (3.65m×2=7.3m) way and way and Carriage Carriage Numbers of Service Road 1 Lane / 3.0m (3.0m×1=3.0m) Items Specification and rough quantities Motorway 10.0m / 3.0m Depress Section / Aflao Road 4.0m / 2.5m and and Center Center Median Median Shoulder Shoulder Akosombo Road /Harbor Road 4.0m / 2.5m Asphaltic Concrete Pavement t=11～15cm、136,300m2 Box Culvert L=190m Retaking wall H=1.4m～11.0m、L=640m Structure Pedestrian Bridge 4 Numbers At Grade Intersection controlled by Traffic Signal 1 Location Road Lighting Box culvert section :L=190m 6．Project Implement Schedule and Project Cost The implementation period of the Project is estimated to be 8 month for detailed engineering design, and 36 months for construction work. The project cost to be borne by the recipient country is estimated to be about 6.6 million Ghana Cedi (213 million Japanese Yen, GHC1.0=JPY32.26). The cost to be borne by the Japan’ Grant Aid is not shown in this report due to the confidentiality. 7．Project Evaluation (1) Relevance of the Project Implementation of the Project under Japanese Grant Aid has been verified from the following viewpoints: Large Scale of Beneficiaries The Project area is located in Tema City area and number of beneficially is estimated approximately 500 thousand residences and approximately 90 million users in total. The Effect of the Project The Project would contribute to easing traffic congestion and smoothing transportation of people and freight. These would consequently contribute to the improvement of transportation of network development for logistics throughout the nation and entire Western Africa Region. Human Security The Project would contribute to the securing stability of people’s lives, development of their daily lives, and securing BHN (Basic Human Needs). Operation and maintenance of Facilities: As excessive advanced technique is not necessary, the Ghana side would be able to carry out adequate operation and maintenance work in planned consistent way Consistency with Long Development Plan This Project is consistent with the Policy and target described in the Government National Development Master Plan and would help in achieving enhancement of national trunk road network improvement. Impact to Environment There is no significant or permanent negative impact to environment and social condition. Necessity and Superiority of Japanese Technology Japanese most advanced and cutting-edge construction technology, such as time control, safety control, and quality control, is required to execute the Project under Japan’s Grant Aid scheme without any serious issues. (2) Effectiveness 1) Quantitative Effect The expected quantitative effect to be produced through performing the works of target Project for economic cooperation is shown in the following Table 3. The values of base year before conducting the Project and target year in three (3) years over completion of the Project are respectively set up. Table 3 Quantitative Effects Basic Value Target Value in 2023 Index (Actual Record of 2015 year) (Project Completion Year) Passenger Volume 86.6(Million)/year 156.8(Million)/year Freight(Cargo) Volume 44.3(Million)/year 74.3(Million)/year Travel Time per minute 8.2 minute 2.0 minute (AM peak hour at Accra-Aflao 2.0 km) 2) Qualitative Effect The prospective effects are; To moderate traffic congestion and to provide uninterrupted traffic flows. To facilitate and grade up transit system in the West African Region. a) Stable carrier-transit time and effectiveness in logistics leaving and arriving at the Tema Port will be improved. b) Traffic safety of pedestrians and vehicles at the intersections will be improved. c) Future emission of transport related greenhouse gases will be reduced. d) Connecting links between
Recommended publications
  • Tema Metropolitan

    Tema Metropolitan

    TEMA METROPOLITAN i Copyright © 2014 Ghana Statistical Service ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT No meaningful developmental activity can be undertaken without taking into account the characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, in addition to its socio-economic characteristics are all important in development planning. A population census is the most important source of data on the size, composition, growth and distribution of a country’s population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable distribution of national resources and government services, including the allocation of government funds among various regions, districts and other sub-national populations to education, health and other social services. The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users, especially the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies, with district-level analytical reports based on the 2010 PHC data to facilitate their planning and decision-making. The District Analytical Report for the Tema Metropolitan is one of the 216 district census reports aimed at making data available to planners and decision makers at the district level. In addition to presenting the district profile, the report discusses the social and economic dimensions of demographic variables and their implications for policy formulation, planning and interventions. The conclusions and recommendations drawn from the district report are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through evidence- based decision-making, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and intervention programmes.
  • Music of Ghana and Tanzania

    Music of Ghana and Tanzania

    MUSIC OF GHANA AND TANZANIA: A BRIEF COMPARISON AND DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS AFRICAN MUSIC SCHOOLS Heather Bergseth A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERDecember OF 2011MUSIC Committee: David Harnish, Advisor Kara Attrep © 2011 Heather Bergseth All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT David Harnish, Advisor This thesis is based on my engagement and observations of various music schools in Ghana, West Africa, and Tanzania, East Africa. I spent the last three summers learning traditional dance- drumming in Ghana, West Africa. I focus primarily on two schools that I have significant recent experience with: the Dagbe Arts Centre in Kopeyia and the Dagara Music and Arts Center in Medie. While at Dagbe, I studied the music and dance of the Anlo-Ewe ethnic group, a people who live primarily in the Volta region of South-eastern Ghana, but who also inhabit neighboring countries as far as Togo and Benin. I took classes and lessons with the staff as well as with the director of Dagbe, Emmanuel Agbeli, a teacher and performer of Ewe dance-drumming. His father, Godwin Agbeli, founded the Dagbe Arts Centre in order to teach others, including foreigners, the musical styles, dances, and diverse artistic cultures of the Ewe people. The Dagara Music and Arts Center was founded by Bernard Woma, a master drummer and gyil (xylophone) player. The DMC or Dagara Music Center is situated in the town of Medie just outside of Accra. Mr. Woma hosts primarily international students at his compound, focusing on various musical styles, including his own culture, the Dagara, in addition music and dance of the Dagbamba, Ewe, and Ga ethnic groups.
  • Ghana Gazette

    Ghana Gazette

    GHANA GAZETTE Published by Authority CONTENTS PAGE Facility with Long Term Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 1236 Facility with Provisional Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 201 Page | 1 HEALTH FACILITIES WITH LONG TERM LICENCE AS AT 12/01/2021 (ACCORDING TO THE HEALTH INSTITUTIONS AND FACILITIES ACT 829, 2011) TYPE OF PRACTITIONER DATE OF DATE NO NAME OF FACILITY TYPE OF FACILITY LICENCE REGION TOWN DISTRICT IN-CHARGE ISSUE EXPIRY DR. THOMAS PRIMUS 1 A1 HOSPITAL PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI KUMASI KUMASI METROPOLITAN KPADENOU 19 June 2019 18 June 2022 PROF. JOSEPH WOAHEN 2 ACADEMY CLINIC LIMITED CLINIC LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE MAMPONG KUMASI METROPOLITAN ACHEAMPONG 05 October 2018 04 October 2021 MADAM PAULINA 3 ADAB SAB MATERNITY HOME MATERNITY HOME LONG TERM ASHANTI BOHYEN KUMASI METRO NTOW SAKYIBEA 04 April 2018 03 April 2021 DR. BEN BLAY OFOSU- 4 ADIEBEBA HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG-TERM ASHANTI ADIEBEBA KUMASI METROPOLITAN BARKO 07 August 2019 06 August 2022 5 ADOM MMROSO MATERNITY HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI BROFOYEDU-KENYASI KWABRE MR. FELIX ATANGA 23 August 2018 22 August 2021 DR. EMMANUEL 6 AFARI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI AFARI ATWIMA NWABIAGYA MENSAH OSEI 04 January 2019 03 January 2022 AFRICAN DIASPORA CLINIC & MATERNITY MADAM PATRICIA 7 HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI ABIREM NEWTOWN KWABRE DISTRICT IJEOMA OGU 08 March 2019 07 March 2022 DR. JAMES K. BARNIE- 8 AGA HEALTH FOUNDATION PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI OBUASI OBUASI MUNICIPAL ASENSO 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 DR. JOSEPH YAW 9 AGAPE MEDICAL CENTRE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI EJISU EJISU JUABEN MUNICIPAL MANU 15 March 2019 14 March 2022 10 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION -ASOKORE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE KUMASI METROPOLITAN 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION HOSPITAL- DR.
  • Chapter 4 Environmental Condition in and Around Ghana Sea Ports

    Chapter 4 Environmental Condition in and Around Ghana Sea Ports

    Chapter 4 Environmental Condition in and around Ghana Sea Ports The existing environmental conditions in and around Takoradi and Tema port areas were studied through literature, statistics, interviews, field reconnaissance and field surveys. Since detailed data and information is introduced in the draft EIS (in Appendices), this chapter summarizes the environmental features of two (2) ports. 4.1 Takoradi Port 4.1.1 Water Quality A field survey was carried out in the time zone of the low water on 25th January 2001 to know the worst water quality condition. The surface water sampling was done at four (4) locations in and around the port basin. The water quality showed the moderately polluted condition in general, and no significant difference between the locations (see Appendix A). Since Ghana has not established an ambient water quality standards, a series of quality reference value for selected parameters were introduced (see Appendix A) as an Assumed Environmental Criteria (AEC). This was tentatively set up based on the examples of criteria for port waters in tropical and subtropical eight (8) countries to help understand the water quality situation objectively. Comparing with AEC, it should be noted that oil and grease concentration revealed high value exceeding the criteria for ordinary sea ports, though other parameters showed concentrations that meet the AEC. Management of oil spill and leakage should take the first priority for water quality management in Takoradi Port. 4.1.2 Bottom Sediment Quality A field survey on the bottom sediment quality was conducted at the same time as the water quality survey. The bottom sediment quality at four (4) locations revealed the heavily polluted condition in the entire survey area.
  • HIV Vulnerability Among Fsws Along Tema Paga Transport Corridor

    HIV Vulnerability Among Fsws Along Tema Paga Transport Corridor

    HIV and Population Mobility BEHAVIOURAL STUDY REPORT HIV VULNERABILITY AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS ALONG GHANA’S TEMA-PAGA TRANSPORT CORRIDOR 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The primary data for this study on HIV vulnerability among female sex workers along Ghana’s Tema‐ Paga transport corridor was successfully collected during November and December 2011. The efforts of a number of individuals who were involved in the study are hereby acknowledged. We are grateful to UNAIDS for funding this study through the UNAIDS Supplemental Programme Acceleration Fund (PAF) for support to country level action to implement the agenda for accelerated country action for women, girls and gender equality and AIDS. We are particularly thankful to Dr. Léopold Zekeng, UNAIDS Country Coordinator, Ghana and Jane Okrah for their active support and involvement in the project. We would like to acknowledge the support of the Ghana AIDS Commission, the West African Program to Combat AIDS and STI Ghana (WAPCAS) and Management Strategies for Africa (MSA) for their involvement at all stages of this study. We thank all the experts who participated in a series of consultations that were organized to prepare research tools; undertook training of the interview teams; planned data analysis; prepared sampling method and sample size calculation; prepared questionnaires and the tabulation plan for the report. We are grateful to the research consultant Mr. Abraham Nyako Jr. and his team. We are also grateful to Mr. Anthony Amuzu Pharin of the Ghana Statistical Services (GSS) for his support in the statistical aspect of the study as well as generation of the statistical tables. We are very thankful to Mrs.
  • Downloaded 10/01/21 09:28 PM UTC Earth Interactions D Volume 15 (2011) D Paper No

    Downloaded 10/01/21 09:28 PM UTC Earth Interactions D Volume 15 (2011) D Paper No

    Earth Interactions d Volume 15 (2011) d Paper No. 9 d Page 1 Copyright Ó 2011, Paper 15-009; 10303 words, 10 Figures, 0 Animations, 2 Tables. http://EarthInteractions.org Historical and Future Land-Cover Change in a Municipality of Ghana Emmanuel M. Attua* Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana Joshua B. Fisher Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Received 12 October 2009; accepted 12 May 2010 ABSTRACT: Urban land-cover change is increasing dramatically in most developing nations. In Africa and in the New Juaben municipality of Ghana in particular, political stability and active socioeconomic progress has pushed the urban frontier into the countryside at the expense of the natural ecosystems at ever-increasing rates. Using Landsat satellite imagery from 1985 to 2003, the study found that the urban core expanded by 10% and the peri-urban areas expanded by 25% over the period. Projecting forward to 2015, it is ex- pected that urban infrastructure will constitute 70% of the total land area in the municipality. Giving way to urban expansion were losses in open woodlands (19%), tree fallow (9%), croplands (4%), and grass fallow (3%), with further declines expected for 2015. Major drivers of land-cover changes are attributed to demographic changes and past microeconomic policies, particularly the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP); the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP); and, more recently, the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS). Pluralistic land administration, complications in the land tenure systems, in- stitutional inefficiencies, and lack of capacity in land administration were also * Corresponding author address: Emmanuel M.
  • Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku: Developing Ghana's Banking System

    Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku: Developing Ghana's Banking System

    Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku: Developing Ghana’s banking system Speech by Dr Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku, Governor of the Bank of Ghana, at the inauguration of the Sunyani regional office building, Sunyani, 30 June 2016. * * * Nananom Board of Directors of Bank of Ghana Representatives of Banks in the Brong-Ahafo Region Representatives of Security Agencies in the Brong -Ahafo Region Heads of Departments Regional Managers My cherished members of staff Distinguished ladies and gentlemen Good morning I am delighted to welcome you all to the inauguration of our new Sunyani Regional Office building. Let me sincerely thank the Chiefs and people of Sunyani, in fact, the Brong Ahafo Region for making the land available to us. This is a clear indication of the support and collaboration between the Bank and the Chiefs. And let me also take this opportunity to thank the immediate past Governor of the Bank of Ghana Dr. Henry Kofi Wampah for spearheading this project and seeing to its completion. As we may all be aware, prior to the construction of this ultra-modern office complex, the Sunyani Regional Office had operated from the second floor of a building whose lower floors were occupied by GCB Bank. The regulator sharing office with the client is not ethically sound and exposes the Bank to familiarity threats. In addition, the former Office did not have a banknote processing capacity and depended on the Kumasi Regional Office for the processing of its deposits as well as fit-sorting banknotes for re-issuance to banks and other financial institutions in its catchment area.
  • Ghana Poverty Mapping Report

    Ghana Poverty Mapping Report

    ii Copyright © 2015 Ghana Statistical Service iii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Ghana Statistical Service wishes to acknowledge the contribution of the Government of Ghana, the UK Department for International Development (UK-DFID) and the World Bank through the provision of both technical and financial support towards the successful implementation of the Poverty Mapping Project using the Small Area Estimation Method. The Service also acknowledges the invaluable contributions of Dhiraj Sharma, Vasco Molini and Nobuo Yoshida (all consultants from the World Bank), Baah Wadieh, Anthony Amuzu, Sylvester Gyamfi, Abena Osei-Akoto, Jacqueline Anum, Samilia Mintah, Yaw Misefa, Appiah Kusi-Boateng, Anthony Krakah, Rosalind Quartey, Francis Bright Mensah, Omar Seidu, Ernest Enyan, Augusta Okantey and Hanna Frempong Konadu, all of the Statistical Service who worked tirelessly with the consultants to produce this report under the overall guidance and supervision of Dr. Philomena Nyarko, the Government Statistician. Dr. Philomena Nyarko Government Statistician iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................
  • Brong Ahafo Region

    Brong Ahafo Region

    REGIONAL ANALYTICAL REPORT BRONG AHAFO REGION Ghana Statistical Service June, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Ghana Statistical Service Prepared by: Martin Kwasi Poku Omar Seidu Clara Korkor Fayorsey Edited by: Kwabena Anaman Chief Editor: Tom K.B. Kumekpor ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT There cannot be any meaningful developmental activity without taking into account the characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, and socio-economic characteristics are all important in development planning. The Kilimanjaro Programme of Action on Population adopted by African countries in 1984 stressed the need for population to be considered as a key factor in the formulation of development strategies and plans. A population census is the most important source of data on the population in a country. It provides information on the size, composition, growth and distribution of the population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable distribution of resources, government services and the allocation of government funds among various regions and districts for education, health and other social services. The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users with an analytical report on the 2010 PHC at the regional level to facilitate planning and decision-making. This follows the publication of the National Analytical Report in May, 2013 which contained information on the 2010 PHC at the national level with regional comparisons. Conclusions and recommendations from these reports are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through evidence-based policy formulation, planning, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and intervention programs.
  • Vowel Height Agreement in Ewe

    Vowel Height Agreement in Ewe

    Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research Volume 4, Issue 7, 2017, pp. 206-216 Available online at www.jallr.com ISSN: 2376-760X Vowel Height Agreement in Ewe Pascal Kpodo * University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Abstract This paper seeks to give a descriptive account of a vowel height feature agreement process in Ewe. The paper establishes that the height agreement process is neither height harmony nor metaphony. The paper further demonstrates the systematic difference between the coastal dialects and the inland dialects of Ewe in relation to the vowel height agreement process. The height agreement occurs in the cliticization of diminutive marker to nouns and adjectives as well as the cliticization of the 3rd person singular object pronominal to verbs. While the agreement process is host controlled in the inland (Ʋedome) dialects of Ewe, it is enclitic controlled in the coastal (Aŋlɔ) dialects of Ewe. A synchronic analysis indicates that while [i] is the underlying form of the enclitic for the 3rd person singular object pronominal as well as the diminutive marker in the coastal dialects of Ewe, [e] is the underlying representation of the 3rd person singular object pronominal as well as the diminutive marker in the inland dialects of Ewe. Keywords: clitic, enclitic, metaphony, feature agreement BACKGROUND The Ewe Language is a member of the Kwa sub-group of the Volta-Comoe branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Ewe is a member of the Gbe language cluster spoken within an area stretching from the southwestern corner of Nigeria, across southern Benin and Togo into the Volta Region of Ghana (Capo, 1985; Stewart, 1989, as cited in Kluge, 2000).
  • Road Safety Review: Ghana Know Before You Go ‰ Driving Is on the Right

    Road Safety Review: Ghana Know Before You Go ‰ Driving Is on the Right

    Association for Safe International Road Travel Road Safety Review: Ghana Know Before You Go Driving is on the right. Drivers are required to carry an International Driving Permit (IDP) or a Ghanian driving license; along with a passport or visa. An IDP must be obtained prior to arrival in Ghana. Keep passport and visa with you at all times; document theft from hotels is common. Pedestrians account for 46 percent of all road traffic fatalities. Riders of two- and three-wheeled motorized vehicles make up 18 percent of road crash deaths. Blood alcohol limit is below 0.08 g/dl for all drivers. Enforcement of drink driving laws is low. There are 24.9 road deaths per 100,000 people in Ghana, compared to 2.8 in Sweden and 3.1 in the UK. Driving Culture • Compliance with traffic rules and laws is low. • Aggressive driving and dangerous overtaking are typical. • Speed limit laws are poorly enforced. • Drivers may swerve suddenly into oncoming traffic to avoid potholes. Source: CIA Factbook • Drivers often speed and behave recklessly, including drivers of public transport. • Trotro minibus and minivan drivers are often untrained; reckless behavior among drivers is common. Trotro drivers commonly pull into traffic without signaling. • Pedestrians often walk along road edges or in road lanes, even in the dark. • There are many loose animals on roadways, particularly at dusk, dawn and during the night. • Drivers may place piles of leaves and/or grass in roadways to alert other motorists of a crash or hazard ahead. • Poorly maintained vehicles are common. Many vehicles lack standard safety features including seat belts, working brakes, adequate tires, headlights, tail lights, turn signals and windscreen wipers.
  • Small and Medium Forest Enterprises in Ghana

    Small and Medium Forest Enterprises in Ghana

    Small and Medium Forest Enterprises in Ghana Small and medium forest enterprises (SMFEs) serve as the main or additional source of income for more than three million Ghanaians and can be broadly categorised into wood forest products, non-wood forest products and forest services. Many of these SMFEs are informal, untaxed and largely invisible within state forest planning and management. Pressure on the forest resource within Ghana is growing, due to both domestic and international demand for forest products and services. The need to improve the sustainability and livelihood contribution of SMFEs has become a policy priority, both in the search for a legal timber export trade within the Voluntary Small and Medium Partnership Agreement (VPA) linked to the European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (EU FLEGT) Action Plan, and in the quest to develop a national Forest Enterprises strategy for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). This sourcebook aims to shed new light on the multiple SMFE sub-sectors that in Ghana operate within Ghana and the challenges they face. Chapter one presents some characteristics of SMFEs in Ghana. Chapter two presents information on what goes into establishing a small business and the obligations for small businesses and Ghana Government’s initiatives on small enterprises. Chapter three presents profiles of the key SMFE subsectors in Ghana including: akpeteshie (local gin), bamboo and rattan household goods, black pepper, bushmeat, chainsaw lumber, charcoal, chewsticks, cola, community-based ecotourism, essential oils, ginger, honey, medicinal products, mortar and pestles, mushrooms, shea butter, snails, tertiary wood processing and wood carving.