Download Download

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download Download Downloaded from the Humanities Digital Library http://www.humanities-digital-library.org Open Access books made available by the School of Advanced Study, University of London Press ***** Publication details: Masculinity and Danger on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour By Sarah Goldsmith https://humanities-digital-library.org/index.php/hdl/catalog/book/ masculinity-danger DOI: 10.14296/1120.9781912702251 ***** This edition published in 2020 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU, United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-912702-25-1 (PDF edition) This work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses Masculinity and Danger on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour SARAH GOLDSMITH Masculinity and Danger on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour New Historical Perspectives is a book series for early career scholars within the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Books in the series are overseen by an expert editorial board to ensure the highest standards of peer-reviewed scholarship. Commissioning and editing is undertaken by the Royal Historical Society, and the series is published under the imprint of the Institute of Historical Research by the University of London Press. The series is supported by the Economic History Society and the Past and Present Society. Series co-editors: Heather Shore (Manchester Metropolitan University) and Jane Winters (School of Advanced Study, University of London) Founding co-editors: Simon Newman (University of Glasgow) and Penny Summerfield (University of Manchester) New Historical Perspectives Editorial Board Charlotte Alston, Northumbria University David Andress, University of Portsmouth Philip Carter, Institute of Historical Research, University of London Ian Forrest, University of Oxford Leigh Gardner, London School of Economics Tim Harper, University of Cambridge Guy Rowlands, University of St Andrews Alec Ryrie, Durham University Richard Toye, University of Exeter Natalie Zacek, University of Manchester Masculinity and Danger on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour Sarah Goldsmith LONDON ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS Published in 2020 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU © Sarah Goldsmith 2020 The author has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/. Copyright and permissions for the reuse of many of the images included in this publication differ from the above. Copyright and permissions information is provided alongside each image. Available to download free or to purchase the hard copy edition at https://www.sas.ac.uk/publications/. ISBNs 978-1-912702-21-3 (hardback edition) 978-1-912702-22-0 (paperback edition) 978-1-912702-25-1 (PDF edition) 978-1-912702-23-7 (ePub edition) 978-1-912702-24-4 (.mobi edition) DOI 10.14296/1120.9781912702251 Cover image: Pierre-Jacque Volaire, ‘An Eruption of Vesuvius by Moonlight’ (CVCSC:0259.S, 1774). By permission of Compton Verney, Warwickshire, UK and Bridgeman Images. Contents List of figures vii List of abbreviations ix Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 1. Hazarding chance: a history of eighteenth-century danger 37 2. Military mad: war and the Grand Tour 75 3. Wholesome dangers and a stock of health: exercise, sport and the hardships of the road 111 4. Fire and ice: mountains, glaciers and volcanoes 141 5. Dogs, servants and masculinities: writing about danger and emotion on the Grand Tour 185 Conclusion 209 Appendix 221 Bibliography 237 Index 263 v List of figures 2.1 Map and key of sites where Grand Tourists engaged with military activity, c.1730–80. 83 2.2 A two-week daily timetable, written by George, Lord Herbert, later 11th earl of Pembroke’s parents in 1776, for his stay in Strasbourg (Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre, MS. 2057/F4/278, ‘Instructions’, 1776). 88 2.3 Pompeo Batoni, ‘Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Thomas Apperley and Captain Edward Hamilton’ (NMW A 78, 1768–72). 106 3.1 Pompeo Batoni, ‘Alexander Gordon, 4th duke of Gordon (1743–1827)’ (NG 2589, 1763–4). 111 3.2 Anon, ‘The leap in height with & without a pole’ from Christian Salzmann, Gymnastics for Youth… (London, 1800), p. 215. 123 3.3 Pietro Fabris, ‘Kenneth Mackenzie, 1st earl of Seaforth 1744–1781 at Home in Naples: Fencing Scene’ (PG 2610, 1771). 125 4.1 Joseph Wright of Derby, ‘Vesuvius from Portici’ (97.29, c.1774–6). 152 4.2 Michael Wutky, ‘Eruption of Vesuvius, seen across the Gulf of Naples’ (GG-742, c.1790/1800). 153 4.3 Pierre-Jacque Volaire, ‘An Eruption of Vesuvius by Moonlight’ (CVCSC:0259.S, 1774). 153 4.4 Pierre-Jacques Volaire, ‘Vesuvius Erupting at Night’ (CVCSC:0343.S, 1771). 154 4.5 Jakob Philipp Hackert, ‘An Eruption of Vesuvius in 1774,’ (Neg. Nr. M10111, c.1774–5). 155 4.6 Detail of Jakob Philipp Hackert, ‘An Eruption of Vesuvius in 1774’ (Neg. Nr. M10111, c.1774–5). 155 4.7 Michael Wutky, ‘The Summit of Vesuvius Erupting’ (GG-390, c.1790/1800). 156 4.8 John ‘Warwick’ Smith, ‘from Album of Views in Italy, [24] Crater [of Vesuvius]’ (T05846, 1778). 156 vii Masculinity and Danger on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour 4.9 Henry Tresham, ‘The Ascent of Vesuvius, 1785–91’ (B1977.14.6296, 1785–91). 157 4.10 Pietro Fabris, ‘Interior view of Crater of Mount Vesuvius … plate IX’, from William Hamilton, Campi Phlegraei (Naples, 1776). 157 4.11 John Shackleton or James Dagnia, ‘William Windham II (1717–61) in the uniform of a Hussar’ (NT 1401251, Felbrigg, Norfolk, 1742–67). 161 viii List of abbreviations BRO Berkshire Record Office BL British Library Add. MSS Additional Manuscripts CBS Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies LMA London Metropolitan Archives NAM National Army Museum NRO Norfolk Record Office ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography OED Oxford English Dictionary ROLLR Record Office of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland SRO Staffordshire Record Office TNA The National Archives WSHC Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre ix Acknowledgements An enormous amount of often hidden help and unacknowledged effort went into a successful Grand Tour. Tutors, servants, doctors, guides, coachmen, postillions, sailors, porters, custom officials, washerwomen, cooks and countless others – no Grand Tour was possible without them, and yet they so rarely feature in the Tour’s surviving records. A book is not unlike a Grand Tour. It is carried and made possible by numerous individuals who do not often feature in the body of the text. This book is no exception, and I have many, many people to thank. First and foremost, thanks must go to my three truly excellent ‘tutors’ who have bear-led me with such wisdom from the earliest stages of my academic career to the present. Ross Balzaretti introduced me to the delights of travel history during his third year special subject at the University of Nottingham, encouraged me in my early thoughts on danger and travel, and quite correctly told me that my initial ideas for my undergraduate and MA dissertations were more suited to a book-length study. I have been endlessly fortunate to have Catriona Kennedy as my PhD supervisor at the University of York. Between pulling me back from archival rabbit holes and opening my eyes to new approaches via the history of masculinity, her expertise and critical thinking has been a deeply formative, enduring influence on my academic development. Last but not least, Roey Sweet has been a nonpareil of mentors during my time at the University of Leicester, guiding me through the process of turning a thesis into a monograph and cheering me over the finishing line. Thank you each for your outstanding support, patient guidance and for encouraging me to work to the best of my capacity. I am extremely grateful to the many other academics who have so generously offered their time, expertise, advice and support. Your thoughtful questions and astute observations have shaped my thinking and writing on multiple occasions, and I am privileged to be part of so many supportive academic communities. Before I started my PhD, I was warned that they would be very lonely years. To my great delight, I found the precise opposite and a community of colleagues, friends and fellow thinkers at the University of York’s history department and Centre for Eighteenth Century Studies. My particular thanks to Amy Milka, Claire Canavan, Emilie Murphy, Frankie Maguire, Harriet Guest, Kristin Bourassa, Mark Jenner, Natasha Glaisyer and Robin Macdonald. I have continued to benefit from the joys of academic fellowship after my PhD, and so say a heartfelt thank you to my colleagues at the University of Leicester’s history department and Centre for Urban History for their xi Masculinity and Danger on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour fellowship, encouragement and perspective during the last four years. With special thanks to Andy Hopper, Angela Muir, Alistair Kefford, George Lewis, Jamie Johnson, Jan Vandeburie, Prashant Kidambi, Roey Sweet, Richard Ansell, Richard Butler, Sally Horrucks, Simon Gunn, Sophie Cooper, Svenja Bethke, Toby Lincoln and Zoe Groves. Academia is fortunate in that our communities go beyond institutions and beyond borders. The book has benefited so much from discussions with, and insights from, a disparate, transnational set of scholars working on early modern and eighteenth-century travel and masculinity. I am particularly grateful to Gabor Gelleri, Gerrit Verhoeven, Elodie Duchè, Eva Johanna Holmberg, Karen Harvey, John Brewer, John Gallagher, Maria Dolores Sánchez-Jáuregui, Mark Williams, Marianna D’Ezio, Matthew McCormack, Michèle Cohen, Simon Bainbridge and Valèrie Capdeville.
Recommended publications
  • The English Alien Acts, 1793-1826
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1978 The English Alien Acts, 1793-1826 David LuVerne Ferch College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Ferch, David LuVerne, "The English Alien Acts, 1793-1826" (1978). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625034. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-jrbe-hr82 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ENGLISH ALIEN ACTS 1793 - 1826? A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the.Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by David Ferch 1978 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, August 1978 aAies N . McCord Dale E. Hoak o Thomas F. Sheppard 11 692 4 2 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iv INTRODUCTION 2 CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF THE FIRST ALIEN ACT, 1792-93 6 CHAPTER II. WAR AND THE REGULATION OF ALIENS, 1793-98 30 CHAPTER III. THE ALIENS PROBLEM, 1798-1814 58 CHAPTER IV. ALIENS LEGISLATION IN TIME OF PEACE, 1814-26 80 CONCLUSION 119 BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 iii ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the English Alien Acts in the context of the political and social history of England* In a series of acts passed between 1793 and 1826, Parliament granted the executive government broad powers of regulation over the nation's resident foreign population.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancestors of David A. Windham
    Page 1 Ancestors of David A. Windham Generation One 1. David A.1 Windham (Leon Roland, #2).1 David A. Windham, son of Leon Roland Windham, was born in 1973.2 Generation Two 2. Leon Roland2 Windham (Woodrow Drayton, #3).3 Leon Roland Windham, son of Woodrow Drayton Windham and Sarah Adams, was born in 1950.4 He resided in Jul 2015 in Windham's Crossroads, Darlington County, South Carolina.5 Known children of Leon Roland2 Windham include: 1. i. David A.1 Windham. Generation Three 3. Woodrow Drayton3 Windham (Leon Roland, #5).6 Woodrow Drayton Windham, son of Leon Roland Windham and Rosa Cornelia Stokes, was born on 18 Aug 1911 in Philadelphia, Darlington County, South Carolina.7 Woodrow Drayton Windham married Sarah Adams (see #4).8 Woodrow Drayton Windham died on 13 Aug 1997 in Timmonsville, Darlington County, South Carolina, at age 85.9 He was buried on 15 Aug 1997 in Timmonsville, Darlington County, South Carolina.10 Known children of Woodrow Drayton3 Windham and Sarah Adams (see #4) are: 2. i. Leon Roland2 Windham. 4. Sarah3 Adams.11 1David A. Windham, "Windham Family information," e-mail message from EMAIL ADDRESS ON FILE FOR PRIVATE USE (Greenwood, South Carolina) to John B. Windham, 2 Jul 2015. 2David A. Windham, "Windham Family information," e-mail to John B. Windham, 2 Jul 2015. 3David A. Windham, "Windham Family information," e-mail to John B. Windham, 2 Jul 2015. 4David A. Windham, "Windham Family information," e-mail to John B. Windham, 2 Jul 2015. 5David A. Windham, "Windham Family information," e-mail to John B.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Political faction and the formulation of foreign policy: Britain, 1806-7 Hole, Toby Kenton How to cite: Hole, Toby Kenton (1995) Political faction and the formulation of foreign policy: Britain, 1806-7, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5234/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Political Faction and the Formulation of Foreign Policy: Britain, 1806-7. Abstract In 1801, William Pitt the Younger, resigned as prime minister after seventeen years in office, to be replaced by Henry Addington, whose most notable act in office was to conclude peace with France. Pitt's resignation and the Peace of Amiens destroyed the huge majority that had characterised Pittite government, as four major political factions developed where there had previously only been the rump of an opposition.
    [Show full text]
  • And Domestic Politics, 1800-1804. by Charles John Fedorak London
    The Addington Ministry and the Interaction of Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics, 1800-1804. by Charles John Fedorak London School of Economics and Political Science Submitted in requirement for the degree of PhD, University of London, 1990. UMI Number: U048269 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U048269 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TH"£Sc S F 776y 2 Abstract Historians have generally dismissed the ministry of Henry Addington as an absurd interlude in the political career of William Pitt, the Younger, and the few attempts to rehabilitate Addington have been unable to overcome the weight of this negative historiography. The focus of contemporary and historical criticism has centred on the foreign and war policies of the ministry, but this has failed to take into account the serious and interrelated diplomatic, military, social, and political problems faced by the government. Social unrest caused largely by high prices of grain, political pressure from interests that had been hurt by the closure of European markets to British trade, and a poor diplomatic and strategic position meant that peace was highly desirable but that concessions were necessary to obtain it.
    [Show full text]
  • Edmund Burke and the French Revolution: Notes on the Genesis of the Reflections
    Colby Quarterly Volume 20 Issue 4 December Article 3 December 1984 Edmund Burke and the French Revolution: Notes on the Genesis of the Reflections William Palmer Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Library Quarterly, Volume 20, no.4, December 1984, p.181-190 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Palmer: Edmund Burke and the French Revolution: Notes on the Genesis of t Edmund Burke and the French Revolution: Notes on the Genesis of the Reflections by WILLIAM PALMER As EVERY schoolboy knows, Edmund Burke in his Reflections accurately ./""'\. forecast many aspects of the eventual course of the French Revolution. Long before the September Massacres, the execution ofthe King and Queen, and the Terror, Burke prophesied deepening violence. He surmised that the possible implications ofthe Revolution were worldwide. He predicted the fail­ ure of democratic principles. And he foresaw the emergence of a military despot.! Every schoolboy also knows that respect for Burke's remarkable prescience must be tempered by the realization that many of the facts on which he based his predictions were wrong. Burke failed to perceive that the Revolution had initially been ignited by a revolte nobiliaire in 1787-88 against royal authori­ ty. He ignored inequalities in voting and privilege within the Estates General in May 1789, and failed to understand that part of the opposition to the King and Necker was aristocratic.
    [Show full text]
  • Edmund Burke and His Impact on the British
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 Edmund Burke and his impact on the British political, social and moral response during the French Revolution (1790-1797) Guy Brendan Gonzalez Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Gonzalez, Guy Brendan, "Edmund Burke and his impact on the British political, social and moral response during the French Revolution (1790-1797)" (2010). LSU Master's Theses. 2706. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2706 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EDMUND BURKE AND HIS IMPACT ON THE BRITISH POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND MORAL RESPONSE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1790-1797) A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College [inverted pyramid in partial fulfillment of the form] requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Guy Brendan Gonzalez B.A., Loyola University of New Orleans, 2006 May 2010 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………….iii Chapter 1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………...1 Chapter 2 Contextual Background for Burke’s Political and Moral Philosophy …….....4 Chapter 3 November 1790 – January 1793 ………….……………………………………13 Burke‟s Reflections and A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly………………….13 Support for the Bourbons…………………………………………………………………….15 Purs vs.
    [Show full text]
  • At Water's Edge: Britain, Napoleon, and the World, 1793-1815
    AT WATER’S EDGE: BRITAIN, NAPOLEON, AND THE WORLD, 1793-1815 ______________________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ______________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ______________________________________________________________________________ by Christopher T. Golding May 2017 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin, Advisory Chair, Department of History Dr. Travis Glasson, Department of History Dr. Rita Krueger, Department of History Dr. Jeremy Black, External Member, University of Exeter (UK) © Copyright 2017 by Christopher T. Golding All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the influence of late eighteenth-century British imperial and global paradigms of thought on the formation of British policy and strategy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It argues that British imperial interests exerted a consistent influence on British strategic decision making through the personal advocacy of political leaders, institutional memory within the British government, and in the form of a traditional strain of a widely-embraced British imperial-maritime ideology that became more vehement as the conflict progressed. The work can be broken into two basic sections. The first section focuses on the formation of strategy within the British government of William Pitt the Younger during the French Revolutionary Wars from the declaration of war in February 1793 until early 1801. During this phase of the Anglo-French conflict, British ministers struggled to come to terms with the nature of the threat posed by revolutionary ideology in France, and lacked strategic consistency due to acute cabinet-level debates over continental versus imperial strategies. The latter half of the work assesses Britain’s response to the challenges presented by Napoleonic France.
    [Show full text]
  • William Wilberforce
    William Wilberforce (1759-1833)1 A biographical essay by Leslie Stephen, edited by Kevin Belmonte William Wilberforce was born in the High Street, Hull, [England] on 24 August 1759, was the only son of Robert Wilberforce by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Bird of Barton, Oxfordshire. Of three other children [Elizabeth, Sarah and Ann—Sarah] alone reached maturity. The family had long been settled in Yorkshire, and took their name from the township of Wilberfoss, eight miles east of York. A William Wilberforce (the first who adopted that spelling) was engaged in the Baltic trade and was twice mayor of Hull; he also inherited a landed estate from his mother (born Davyes). Robert, the younger of this William's two sons, was partner in the house at Hull. Robert's son, William, a very delicate child, was sent at the age of seven to the Hull grammar school. Isaac Milner, who became usher at the school in 1768, reports that Wilberforce used to be put on a table to read aloud as an example to other boys. In 1768 his father died, and he was afterwards sent to his uncle William, who had a house at Wimbledon. Thence he attended a school at Putney which ‘taught everything and nothing.’ His mother brought him back to Hull upon hearing that his aunt [Hannah], a sister of [merchant and philanthropist] John Thornton, was [converting] him to Methodism, and placed him under the Rev. K[ingsman] Baskett, master of Pocklington grammar school. He forgot his Methodism, became generally popular, and was specially admired for his singing.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperial Sensibilities, Colonial Ambivalence: Edmund Burke and Frances Burney
    Swarthmore College Works English Literature Faculty Works English Literature 2005 Imperial Sensibilities, Colonial Ambivalence: Edmund Burke And Frances Burney Betsy Bolton Swarthmore College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-english-lit Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation Betsy Bolton. (2005). "Imperial Sensibilities, Colonial Ambivalence: Edmund Burke And Frances Burney". ELH. Volume 72, Issue 4. 871-899. https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-english-lit/4 This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Literature Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IMPERIAL SENSIBILITIES, COLONIAL AMBIVALENCE: EDMUND BURKE AND FRANCES BURNEY BY BETSY BOLTON Differing markedly in their approach to social and political theater, Frances Burney and Edmund Burke nonetheless shared a hyperbolic approach to what we might call the economy of imagination. In a 1782 letter celebrating Burney’s new novel Cecilia, Burke balanced his praise of the novel with a mild complaint of narrative excess: “Justly as your characters are drawn, perhaps they are too numerous. But I beg pardon; I fear it is quite in vain to preach economy to those who are come young to excessive and sudden opulence.”1 Burney returned both the compliment and the complaint in her informal review of Burke’s performance at the Warren Hastings impeachment. In one of Burney’s many conversations with William Windham, Burke’s two admirers discussed his public performance: “‘How finely,’ [Burney] cried, ‘he has spoken! with what fulness of intelli- gence, and what fervour!’” Windham “agreed, with delighted concur- rence.” “‘Yet,—so much!—so long!’ I added.
    [Show full text]
  • Entangled Colonial Landscapes and the 'Dead Silence'? : Humphry Repton, Jane Austen and the Upchers of Sheringham Park, Norfolk
    This is a repository copy of Entangled colonial landscapes and the 'dead silence'? : Humphry Repton, Jane Austen and the Upchers of Sheringham Park, Norfolk. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/98119/ Version: Submitted Version Article: Finch, Jonathan Cedric orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-6215 (2014) Entangled colonial landscapes and the 'dead silence'? : Humphry Repton, Jane Austen and the Upchers of Sheringham Park, Norfolk. Landscape Research. pp. 82-99. ISSN 1469-9710 https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2013.848848 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 Entangled Landscapes and the ‘dead silence’? Humphry Repton, Jane Austen and the Upchers of Sheringham Park, Norfolk. Jonathan Finch, University of York, UK Abstract This paper explores two aspects of designed landscapes in the late-eighteenth and early- nineteenth centuries that are often neglected – first, the importance derived from intersecting (auto)biographies of designers and patrons, and, secondly, how they relate to global social, economic and political networks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pivotal Roles of Henry Dundas and William Pitt in the British Cabinet Fiasco of 1800
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Spring 4-2006 The Pivotal Roles of Henry Dundas and William Pitt in the British Cabinet Fiasco of 1800 Jordan Scott Ferrell University of Tennessee-Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Ferrell, Jordan Scott, "The Pivotal Roles of Henry Dundas and William Pitt in the British Cabinet Fiasco of 1800" (2006). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/954 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. r lll~ Tl~uUI\ Ru\"t') ~~ R~~~~ nund9~ and William Pitt in the British Cabinet Fiasco of 1800 Jordan Ferrell At the end of the eighteenth century, Europe found itself embroiled in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1799, the outcome of the war between France and Great Britain was uncertain at best and little change had occurred in seven years of war. Even less changed in the next three years. In the end, neither side was completely successful in its war aims. The Peace of Amiens recognized Napoleon as the legitimate head of the French government and Britain managed to maintain an influence on the continent. Unknown to both countries, that end was three years away but, before that could happen, both sides were faced with critical decisions that affected the situation on the continent as well as lands in the far parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • British Spectators of the French Revolution: the View from Across the Channel
    Emma Macleod British spectators of the French Revolution: the view from across the Channel The British public were fascinated by the French Revolution from its outbreak. However, commentary on revolutionary events in France was heavily influenced by British domestic political debates. Most British observers saw what they wanted to see: conservatives saw a worked example of the disadvantages of republicanism, while liberals and radicals were more enthusiastic. The war against France from 1793 intensified the tendency of the British to view the Revolution more in terms of how it affected them than on its own terms. ‘As to us here our thoughts of every thing at home are suspended, by our astonishment at the wonderful Spectacle which is exhibited in a Neighbouring and rival Country – what Spectators, and what actors! England gazing with astonishment at a French struggle for Liberty and not knowing whether to blame or to applaud!’1 So the Anglo-Irish Whig politician, Edmund Burke, wrote to Lord Charlemont in August 1789; and, while Burke is famous for having declared his hostility to the Revolution in France unusually early and uncompromisingly, he was, as this letter suggested, not atypical in his early fascination with the Revolution. British newspapers were absorbed 1 Edmund Burke, ‘Edmund Burke to Lord Charlemont, 9 August 1789,’ in The Correspondence of Edmund Burke. Vol. 6: July 1789 – December 1791, eds. Thomas W. Copeland, Alfred Cobban, Robert A. Smith (Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press, 1967), 10. 2 Norbert Schürer, ‘The Storming of the Bastille in English Newspapers,’ Eighteenth- Century Life vol.29, nr.1 (2005): 50-81.
    [Show full text]