DOCSLIB.ORG

February 2005 URBAN INTERSECTION DESIGN GUIDE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
February 2005 URBAN INTERSECTION DESIGN GUIDE Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-05/0-4365-P2 Vol. 2 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date URBAN INTERSECTION DESIGN GUIDE: VOLUME 2 – September 2004 APPLICATIONS Resubmitted: February 2005 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Kay Fitzpatrick, Mark D. Wooldridge, and Joseph D. Blaschke Product 0-4365-P2 Vol. 2 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. Contract or Grant No. College Station, Texas 77843-3135 Project 0-4365 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Product Research and Technology Implementation Office 14. Sponsoring Agency Code P. O. Box 5080 Austin Texas 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Project Title: Urban Intersection Design Guidance URL: http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4365-P2Vol2.pdf 16. Abstract Intersections are an important part of a highway facility because the efficiency, safety, speed, cost of operation, and capacity of the facility depend on their design to a great extent. Each intersection involves through- or cross-traffic movements on one or more of the highways and may involve turning movements between these highways. Such movements may be facilitated by various geometric designs and traffic controls, depending on the type of intersection. The main objective of intersection design is to facilitate the convenience, comfort, and safety of people traversing the intersection while enhancing the efficient movement of motor vehicles, buses, trucks, bicycles, and pedestrians. In order to design intersections that are both functional and effective, designers need current information regarding intersection design that is easily accessible and in a user-friendly format. The prime objective of the Texas Department of Transportation Project 0-4365 is to produce this reference document, the Urban Intersection Design Guide, to provide this information. This document is presented in two volumes: • Volume 1 – Guidelines and • Volume 2 – Applications. This project is designed to provide TxDOT and other interested parties with useful and practical information on operations and design for intersections. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Urban Intersections, Design Guidelines, Intersection Design Examples 19. Security Classif.(of this report) 20. Security Classif.(of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price 324 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized URBAN INTERSECTION DESIGN GUIDE: VOLUME 2 – APPLICATIONS by Kay Fitzpatrick, Ph.D., P.E. Research Engineer Texas Transportation Institute Mark D. Wooldridge, P.E. formerly Associate Research Engineer Texas Transportation Institute currently Area Engineer Texas Department of Transportation and Joseph D. Blaschke, D. Eng., P.E. President Transportation Engineering Analysts Report 0-4365-P2 Vol. 2 Project 0-4365 Project Title: Urban Intersection Design Guidance Performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration September 2004 Resubmitted: February 2005 TEXAS TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas 77843-3135 DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) or the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The engineer in charge was Kay Fitzpatrick, P.E. (TX-86762). v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was conducted in cooperation with TxDOT and FHWA. The authors thank the members of TxDOT’s Project Monitoring Committee: Rick Collins, P.E., Project Coordinator, TxDOT, Traffic Operations Division Elizabeth Hilton, P.E., Project Director, TxDOT, Design Division John Terry, P.E., Project Advisor, TxDOT, Ft. Worth District Clay Smith, P.E., Project Advisor, TxDOT, San Antonio District Duane Browning, P.E., Project Advisor, TxDOT, Beaumont District Larry Colclasure, P.E., Project Advisor, TxDOT, Waco District Jim Cline, P.E., Project Advisor, City of Irving Special thanks go to Elizabeth Hilton for her guidance on the project, Angelia Parham for work on the earlier versions of the document, and Ivan Lorenz and Denise Robledo for patiently making the numerous graphics and typing changes. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Intersection Function.................................................................................................. 1-1 Application 1: Subdivision Entrance.................................................................................... 1-3 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Issues Considered............................................................................................................................. 1-4 Design Selected................................................................................................................................ 1-4 Application 2: Roundabouts ................................................................................................. 1-7 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 1-7 Characteristics .................................................................................................................................. 1-8 Comparison with Traffic Circles.................................................................................................... 1-11 Roundabouts and Pedestrians......................................................................................................... 1-12 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 1-13 Application 3: Alternative Intersection Designs................................................................. 1-15 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 1-15 Unconventional Left-Turn Alternative Designs ............................................................................. 1-15 Quadrant Roadway Intersection ..................................................................................................... 1-23 Flyovers.......................................................................................................................................... 1-25 Echelon........................................................................................................................................... 1-27 Chapter 2: Design Control and Criteria ....................................................................................... 2-1 Application 1: Pedestrian Features Checklist....................................................................... 2-3 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 2-3 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 2-3 Checklist........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 Application 2: Safety Study Example................................................................................... 2-9 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 2-9 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 2-9 Identify Crash Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 2-11 Gather Existing Conditions ............................................................................................................ 2-15 Collect Additional Field Data......................................................................................................... 2-18 Assess Situation and Select Treatments ......................................................................................... 2-20 Implement and Evaluate................................................................................................................. 2-20 Chapter 3: Design Elements......................................................................................................... 3-1 Application 1: ISD, Case A .................................................................................................. 3-3 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 3-3 Example at an Uncontrolled Location.............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traffic Calming Fact Sheets May 2018 Update Speed Table/Raised Crosswalks
    Traffic Calming Fact Sheets May 2018 Update Speed Table/Raised Crosswalks Description: • Long, raised speed humps with a flat section in the middle and ramps on the ends; sometimes constructed with brick or other textured materials on the flat section • If placed at a pedestrian crossing, it is referred to as a raised crosswalk • If placed only in one direction on a road, it is called an offset speed table Applications: • Appropriate for local and collector streets; mid-block or at intersections, with/without crosswalks • Can be used on a one-lane one-way or two-lane two-way street • Not appropriate for roads with 85th percentile speeds of 45 mph or more • Typically long enough for the entire wheelbase of a passenger car to rest on top or within limits of ramps • Work well in combination with textured crosswalks, curb extensions, and curb radius reductions • Can be applied both with and without sidewalks or dedicated bicycle facilities • Typically installed along closed-section roads (i.e. curb and gutter) but feasible on open section (Source: Google Maps, Boulder, Colorado) (Source: Delaware Department of Transportation) ITE/FHWA Traffic Calming EPrimer: https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/traffic_calm.cfm Design/Installation Issues: • ITE recommended practice – “Guidelines for the Design and Application of Speed Humps” • Most common height is between 3 and 4 inches (reported as high as 6 inches) • Ramps are typically 6 feet long (reported up to 10 feet long) and are either parabolic or linear • Careful design is needed for drainage
    [Show full text]
  • Making Streets Safe
    About WalkBoston WalkBoston plays an important role ensuring walker- CHICANE TREES BIKE friendly/safe designs and has an impressive record LANES of getting cities, towns, state agencies, developers, RAISED institutions, and elected officials to provide for the CROSSWALK needs of walkers. Every additional member helps our message be heard. Join online at walkboston.org. We work to transform communities into more walkable CURB places and reintroduce people to walking as a con- EXTENSION venient, healthy and low-cost transportation choice. People who depend on walking most: lower income, elders, children, people with disabilities, and transit PARKED users especially benefit from our advocacy. CARS SPEED How we can help you CUSHION • Advise on walking improvements for your community. MIDBLOCK CROSSWALK • Provide guidance, moral support, technical assistance. making • Give a variety of presentations on pedestrian design and advocacy. Speed Kills: Small-scale fixes go a long way to slow traffic • Help set up advocacy groups and strengthen them. • Demonstrate how these techniques are working streets The human costs and economic consequences of The tools can be small in scale, relatively inexpensive, across Massachusetts and elsewhere. speed-related crashes are immense. In 2007, about and are easily tested and evaluated. Streets can be 31 percent of all fatal crashes were speeding-related, made safer by putting them on a “road diet,” reducing safe resulting in 13,420 fatalities. In Massachusetts, 15 to speeds and enhancing pedestrian safety. Techniques Thanks to our supporters 20 percent of all road fatality victims are pedestrians. include signage, pavement devices and paint. Physically Nationwide, the economic cost to society of speed- or visually narrowing a standard width lane by 1 foot Striders ing-related crashes is estimated to be $40.4 billion slows cars by 7 miles per hour.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Four Pedestrian Facility Recommendations
    CHAPTER FOUR PEDESTRIAN FACILITY RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter recommends two types of Recommendations included in this chapter are infrastructure improvements: planning-level design concepts. This means that the recommendations are guided by the »» Design concepts for six example plan goals and informed by existing conditions, locations; and prioritized missing best practices, and opportunities identified sidewalk links in the City. The during field work. Additional engineering example location recommendations analysis and field work is needed before show how a mix of treatments can proceeding with project implementation. improve the pedestrian network in a defined area. Recommended Example Locations treatments include sidewalks, pedestrian crossing facilities, and bus Six locations were identified for field work in stop improvements. order to develop conceptual recommendations »» A prioritized list of sidewalk projects. to improve pedestrian safety and comfort. Sidewalk projects are scored and These “example locations” were identified from ranked using the new method several sources, including the demand and recommended in Chapter 3. needs analysis, public input, and input from the City’s technical team. Appendix C provides 76 DECEMBER 2012 sample comments from CommunityWalk of the design concepts are described in around each example location. Chapter 3, Best Practices, Design Standards and Sidewalks. Overall, recommended design The example locations are typical of pedestrian concepts are intended to achieve one or more of conditions in many areas of the City. Thus, the following objectives: these design concepts recommended can be applied elsewhere in the City. The example locations are not in any priority order. Many Ensure ADA compliance. Ensure sufficient crossing time. All sidewalks and intersection features meet Adjust signal timing to ensure pedestrians have at standards set by PROWAAG, NCDOT and the City of least 3.5 feet per second to cross the street.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Streets FACT SHEET 2.0
    Complete Streets FACT SHEET 2.0 Since the NYSAMPO Complete Streets Fact Sheet was published in 2012, additional needs have been identified. They are addressed in this addendum. The original Complete Streets Fact Sheet can be found at www.nysmpos.org MORE MUNICIPALITIES HAVE HOW CAN COMPLETE STREETS BE IMPLEMENTED ADOPTED COMPLETE STREETS IN SIMPLIFIED PAVING PROJECTS? ORDINANCES AND POLICIES A focus on managing infrastructure assets at a time of A number of additional New limited capital funding has resulted in many jurisdictions, York municipalities have officially from local to State, doing simplified or maintenance paving recognized the importance of work. Such projects may entail a simple overlay, or mill and considering Complete Streets resurfacing, and is generally limited to “working between elements in street design and the curbs or shoulders”. road improvement projects Complete Streets necessarily reflect their location. through the adoption of local ordinances or policies. Most use An urban street that is curbed will require different language that is similar in content treatments than a suburban or rural roadway that has paved to the New York State law. shoulders but no sidewalks. There is no single approach to designing Complete Streets. Since any list is quickly outdated, readers are referred to the New While this places limits on the range of Complete Streets elements that can be employed, there is still a great deal York State Department of that can be done. Often changing pavement markings Transportation’s Complete alone can improve the experience of all roadway users. Streets web page: There are other low cost improvements that may be outside the scope of simplified paving, but worthy of consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Guidelines
    PEDESTRIAN TRANSPORTATION PLAN DESIGN GUIDELINES Downtown Aberdeen 6 CHAPTER OUTLINE: OVERVIEW OVERVIEW These recommended guidelines originate from and adhere to national design standards as defined by the American SIDEWALKS AND Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), WALKWAYS the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Federal Highway GREENWAY TRAIL Administration (FHWA) Pedestrian Facilities Users Guide, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), and the MARKED CROSSWALKS NCDOT. Another major source of information in this chapter is CURB RAMPS the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, found online at http://www.walkinginfo.org. Should the national standards be RAISED OR LOWERED revised in the future and result in discrepancies with this chapter, MEDIANS the national standards should prevail for all design decisions. A ADVANCE STOP BARS qualified engineer or landscape architect should be consulted for the most up to date and accurate cost estimates. BULB-OUTS PEDESTRIAN OVERPASS/ The sections below serve as an inventory of pedestrian UNDERPASS design elements/treatments and provide guidelines for their ROUNDABOUTS development. These treatments and design guidelines are important because they represent minimum standards for TRAFFIC SIGNALS creating a pedestrian-friendly, safe, accessible community. The PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS guidelines are not, however, a substitute for a more thorough evaluation by a landscape architect or engineer upon LANDSCAPING implementation of facility improvements. Some improvements may also require cooperation with the NCDOT for specific ROADWAY LIGHTING IMPROVEMENTS design solutions. STREET FURNITURE AND WALKING ENVIRONMENT TRANSIT STOP TREATMENTS The Pedestrian and Bicyle Information Center, AASHTO, PEDESTRIAN SIGNS AND the MUTCD, nationally WAYFINDING recognized trail standards, BRIDGES and other sources have all informed the content of this TRAFFIC CALMING chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Cost Analysis of Bicycle Facilities: Cases from Cities in the Portland, OR Region
    Cost Analysis of Bicycle Facilities: Cases from cities in the Portland, OR region FINAL DRAFT Lynn Weigand, Ph.D. Nathan McNeil, M.U.R.P. Jennifer Dill, Ph.D. June 2013 This report was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, through its Active Living Research program. Cost Analysis of Bicycle Facilities: Cases from cities in the Portland, OR region Lynn Weigand, PhD, Portland State University Nathan McNeil, MURP, Portland State University* Jennifer Dill, PhD, Portland State University *corresponding author: [email protected] Portland State University Center for Urban Studies Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies & Planning PO Box 751 Portland, OR 97207-0751 June 2013 All photos, unless otherwise noted, were taken by the report authors. The authors are grateful to the following peer reviewers for their useful comments, which improved the document: Angie Cradock, ScD, MPE, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; and Kevin J. Krizek, PhD, University of Colorado Boulder. Any errors or omissions, however, are the responsibility of the authors. CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. i Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 Bike Lanes................................................................................................................................ 7 Wayfinding Signs and Pavement Markings .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Costs for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Infrastructure Improvements
    Costs for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Infrastructure Improvements A Resource for Researchers, Engineers, Planners, and the General Public Authors: Max A. Bushell, Bryan W. Poole, Charles V. Zegeer, Daniel A. Rodriguez UNC Highway Safety Research Center Prepared for the Federal Highway Administration and supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation through its Active Living Research program October, 2013 Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Authors .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 The Highway Safety Research Center ........................................................................................................... 4 Cover Page Photo Credits ..................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Making the Case for Pedestrian and Bicycle Infrastructure ......................................................................... 6 Walking/Bicycling and Public Health ............................................................................................................ 7 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • C17s Checked: Dtm Approved: Kk
    3.0m LANE WIDTH (3.3m-3.5m TYP.) PROVIDE HAZARD FOR PARKING MARKER SIGN MIN. DISTANCE LANE WIDTH 6.0m (3.3m-3.5m TYP.) 45° (TYP.) CURB EXTENSION MIN. 1.0m FROM R=5 DEPTH (2.5m TYP.) R = 8.0m/10.0m TRAFFIC LANE (SUBJECT TO R=2 45° (Typ.) TURNING RADIUS) PLANTER BOULEVARD (1.5m TYP.) CROSSWALK CONCRETE SIDEWALK (1.8m TYP.) R=3 PL. 45° (Typ.) R=2 CURB EXTENSION DEPTH: 1.0m 1. GENERALLY 2.5m (PARKING STALL WIDTH). BUT MUST ALLOW A 3.3m 1.6m VEHICLE TRAVEL LANES AND 1.6m BICYCLE LANE IF APPLICABLE. IF 0.75m THIS IS NOT POSSIBLE CONSULT WITH CNV ENGINEERING STAFF. 6.0m (TYP.) PLANTER CROSSWALK ALIGNMENT: MIN. DISTANCE FOR PARKING R=5 1. CROSSWALK MUST BE SET BACK AT LEAST 1.0m FROM TRAVEL FLOW 45° (TYP.) LANES. 2. CROSSWALK SHOULD ALIGN REASONABLY CLOSELY WITH SIDEWALK APPROACHES. 3. MINIMIZE CROSSING DISTANCES WHERE POSSIBLE. BUT ALLOW SIGHT LINES FOR VEHICLES. 4. CONSULT CNV ENGINEER (TRAFFIC STAFF) TO FINALIZE ALIGNMENT OF CROSSWALKS. PARKING SET BACK: 1. PARKING IS SET BACK 6.0M FROM THE STOP BAR AND IN THE ABSENCE OF A STOP BAR 6.0M FROM THE CROSSWALK. 2. GENERALLY CROSSWALKS ARE 3.0M WIDE UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED. PL. 3. STOP BARS ARE SET BACK 1.0M FROM THE CROSSWALK AND ARE 0.6M WIDE. CORNER AND BUMPOUT RADII: 1. THE CORNER RADIUS SHOULD BE A MINIMUM OF 8.0m AND MEET THE VEHICLE TURNING REQUIREMENT SPECIFIED BY THE CITY. 2. BUMPOUT RADII SHOULD BE 2.0m FOR OUTSIDE AND 5.0m FOR INSIDE CORNERS.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.0 Pedestrian Toolkit 4.0 Pedestrian1.0 Introduction Toolkit
    4.0 pedestrian toolkit 4.0 pedestrian1.0 introduction toolkit 4.1 Pedestrian Toolkit partners should consider demonstration projects to build support for more extensive The pedestrian toolkit includes smaller reconstruction efforts. Examples of projects that are less expensive and temporary treatments are presented in this easier to manage, both in terms of section. construction and maintenance. The toolkit includes bioswale parkways, There are several toolkit treatments that traffic diverters, refuge islands, enhanced are included as part of “Priority Projects” crosswalks, traffic circles, scramble along stitch and connector streets. While it crosswalks, curb extensions, and pocket is often less expensive to build enhanced parks, among other potential locations for crosswalks, traffic circles, and other toolkit these items, as part of standalone or priority items as part of more comprehensive priority projects, are shown on the map in section 5.1 projects due to construction mobilization, “Priority Projects.” The toolkit also includes it is often difficult to generate political and design guidelines drawn from national best financial support for these projects. In the practices. short-term, the City of Long Beach and its Toolkit Treatments Curb Extensions Treelets Bioswale Parkways Curb Ramps Enhanced Crosswalks Pedestrian-Level Lighting Scramble Crosswalks Street Furniture Traffic Circles Landscaping Pedestrian Refuge Islands Pedestrian Push Buttons Traffic Diverters Pedestrian Countdown Signals Chicanes Permeable Paving Pocket Parks Transit Shelters Wayfinding Waste Receptacles Demonstration Projects 4-2 4.0 pedestrian1.0 introduction toolkit 4.1.1 Curb Extensions A curb extension is a portion of the sidewalk that is extended into the A parking lane and typically occur at intersections.
    [Show full text]
  • NORTH ST OPTIONS Expand Curb INTERSECTIONS
    NORTH ST OPTIONS Expand curb INTERSECTIONS extension Tighten intersections and provide more sidewalk N CHAMPLAIN ST CHAMPLAIN N Existing curb Existing space by expanding curb extensions at high crash intersections: NORTH ST • North St and Park St • North St and N Champlain St These options would continue to allow turns by delivery trucks. ALONG THE STREET • Potential midblock crosswalk at North St / Front St / ROSE ST Blodgett St • Install small tree trenches and interlocking permeable NORTH ST pavers on North St MURRAY ST A raised intersection is recommended at North St/Rose St/Murray St per Walk Bike PlanBTV NORTH AVE AT NORTH ST A [ LONG-TERM, 2-10 YEARS* ] A Create a low-stress exit from Haswell Street HASWELL ST with a painted curb extension to protect a new bike lane to the south B B Removal of left turn lane to provide space for buffered or protected bike lane on west side from Haswell St to Depot St C D C Bike box set back from intersection to F protect cyclists from buses turning north NORTH ST D Crosswalk alignment straightened to shorten E crossing time and make push-button more accessible G E Existing bike lane maintained northbound D F Curb extension to slow turning cars, shorten crosswalk distance, and provide opportunities for stormwater infiltration. Potential quick- NORTH AVE build project G Expansion of street tree grates laterally on North St for improved water infiltration *Crosswalk realignments could happen in 2020. NORTH AVE / SHERMAN ST / PARK ST [ QUICK-BUILD OPTION] D A Protected two-way bikeway with low- D Front St pedestrian and bike connection.
    [Show full text]
  • Traffic Calming
    SECTION 1, CHAPTER 6 Traffic Calming 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 What is Traffic Calming? According to the Institute of Traffic calming deals with neighborhood traffic Transportation Engineers, traffic issues comprehensively using the “three E’s,” calming is the “combination of Education, Enforcement, and Engineering, to slow mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of or reduce motor vehicle traffic and improve motor vehicle use, alter driver safety for pedestrians and bicyclists. A fourth “E,” behavior and improve conditions enhancement, is used to improve area aesthetics for non‐motorized street users.” and soften the look of physical installations. Education provides neighbors with information about how they as motorists can help to ease traffic impacts in their community through changes in behavior and attitudes, and informs them about neighborhood traffic management activities and opportunities. Enforcement enlists the assistance of the Police Department to focus enforcement efforts in key areas. Engineering and planning encompasses both traditional traffic management measures as well as newer approaches, such as traffic calming. All three are important components in dealing effectively with neighborhood and community‐wide traffic issues. Modern traffic calming began as a grassroots movement in the late 1960’s which started with the Woonerf developments in the City of Delft, the Netherlands. Woonerven, or “living streets,” are residential streets where speeds are drastically reduced through reconstruction and space is shared between vehicles and pedestrians. Traffic Calming 1.6‐1 In the United States, Seattle, Washington was an early pioneer in area‐wide traffic calming with neighborhood‐wide demonstrations in the early 1970’s.
    [Show full text]
  • How Do I Get a Speed Hump Installed in My
    City of Bartlesville Residential Subdivision Traffic Calming Policy and Procedure Adopted by the City Council March 13, 2006 City of Bartlesville Residential Subdivision Traffic Calming Policy and Procedure TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction and Background ................................................................2 1.1 Traffic Calming Principles ........................................................................2-3 1.2 Recommended Practices............................................................................3 2. Traffic Calming Process ..........................................................................3 2.1 Planning.....................................................................................................3 2.2 Public Involvement....................................................................................4 2.3 Funding ......................................................................................................4 2.4 Implementation..........................................................................................5 2.5 Possible Effects of Traffic Calming ..........................................................6 3. Guidelines and Procedures......................................................................7 3.1 Authority and Scope..................................................................................7 3.2 Request Process.........................................................................................7 3.3 Installation Eligibility................................................................................7
    [Show full text]