Year of Commemorations Richard Grunberger P3 He Year 1998 Provides a Feast for the Anniver Antisemitism and Dictatorship

AJR i i/J I K mation Volume LIII No. 6 June 1998 £3 (to non-members)

Don't miss... Outstanding events of the last 150 years whose anniversaries loom up

German-Jewish demography Year of commemorations Richard Grunberger p3 he year 1998 provides a feast for the anniver antisemitism and dictatorship. Yet the nationalism Brecht and the Jews sary-minded. Counting down' through pa.st which caused the Habsburg state to collapse was Dr Anthony Grenville p 12T decades we literally stumble over notable dates. not necessarily a destructive force, as inter-war In 1968 the failed Czech attempt at Socialism with Czechoslovakia - a veritable role model to its be A rabbi spurned? a human face' proved the Soviet block incapable of nighted neighbours - proved beyond peradventure. Gloria Tessler p 16 internal reform and predestined to collapse under Nationalism and democracy - the key Lssues of the weight of its own inertia. modern history - first emerged with dynamic force Twenty years earlier 1948 had been a true water in 1848, year of Revolutions. 1848 demonstrated shed year. It saw the birth of the first Jewish state in how much the inter-relationship between national Rebranding nearly two millennia - an event that turned Jews en ism and democracy differed between Western and Fascism masse from passive objects into active subjects of Central/Eastern Europe. France, the Low Countries history. In the global arena the Berlin Crisis showed and England were not beset by unresolved prob hile the both Russia and the West unwilling to back down lems of national identity that threatened to thwart Fascism yet reluctant to trigger World War III. democratic progress. In contrast, German unity was of the W A decade earlier 1938 had been the crucial year of not, alas, e.stablLshed by the '48 Frankfurt Parliament, mterwar years the century, when Europe's slide into catastrophe but by Pnjssian arms and princely fiat in 1871. strutted in could have been halted. Instead, Hitler was allowed In March 1848 Austria seemed shaken to the core jackboots, its to triumph in Vienna and at Munich. The Tenth of - with barricades going up in Vienna, Budapest and contemporary November presented a spectacle of state-sponsored Prague - yet through a concatenation of circum incarnation wears bloodshed and arson in former centres of culture stances neither nationalist nor democratic ambitions Gucci shoes. In which Europe had not witnessed since the 1572 St were sub.sequently fulfilled. Austria Jorg Haider Bartholomew Massacre in Paris. Even so Central Europe was a freer, less hide dresses sportif-dnd (Kristallnacht resulted directly from the An.schluss bound place in the second half of the century than studiously avoids because the newly-incorporated Austrians' enthusi it had been in pre-March days. Not the least benefi expressing anti asm for pogroms put wind into the sails of the most ciaries of this change were the Jews; in fact 1848 .semitic .sentiments. lethal Nazi Jew-baiters around Goebbels). was a milestone on the way to their full emanci In Italy Austria had also been crucial to the events of pation. But hi.story records that Jews had not merely Gian-Carlo Fini 1918. The Habsburgs' defeat in the Great War - for benefited from the March events. Some had died at purges rowdies the outbreak of which they shared responsibility the barricades, others - e.g. Adolph Fischhof in from the with the German KaLser - led to the fragmentation Vienna and Daniele Manin in Venice - had been local neo-Fascist ranks. of their erstwhile Empire; its unstable succe.ssion revolutionary leaders. And one, Karl Marx, impetu In France Bnmo states - rump-Austria, Hungary, Romania, Yugosla ously staked a claim to global revolutionary Megret, Le Pen's via and Poland - provided breeding grounds for leadership by publishing The Communist Manifesto D designated successor, sounds like the product of ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Les Grandes Ecoles of the ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES he is. It is a moot will be held at 15 Cleve Road, NW6 point which variant on SUNDAY 21st JUNE 1998 at 3pm of Fascist incitement - AGENDA: Le Pen's Annual Report for 1997 Hon.Treasurer's Report, Discussion spittle-flecked Election of Committee of Management oratory or Megret's PR-conscious Guest Speaker: Her Honour, Judge Dawn Freedman - 'A View from the Bench' elocution - is the Enquiries: AJR, I Hampstead Gate, la Frognal, London NW3 6AL Tel:0171 431 6161 more dangerous D AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

on free-of-charge, he declined. Instead, Profile he moved to a refugee hostel in Bradford and began to look for employment. His first job was at a textile mill owned Low-key success story by a pillar of the local Jewish community elix Huttrer's family history was (and benefactor of the hostel) - but Felix closely bound up - for good as well found the work uncongenial. After an F as ill - with the Vienna-based other false start he eventually found industrial firm of Briider Guttmann. His employment in a radio repair shop where widowed mother worked in the office; he became a fairly skilled worker. his uncle was the firm's chief accountant. Then Felix moved to London to stay On the day of the Anschluss the brothers with his uncle and cousins. Here he did fled abroad. The following morning similar, but war effort-related, work. After Felix's uncle was arrested as a substitute the war he acquired evening class qualifi and imprisoned on the 'charge' that he cations and in the mid-fifties he married a had discriminated against Nazis among fellow refugee, a cousin of the violinist the firm's work-force. Norbert Brainin of Amadeus Quartet fame. After ten months in the hell of Buch In i960 he acquired shares in a enwald the uncle managed to come to moribund company producing medical England - where Felix had preceded him equipment. By dint of hard work he re on a Kindertransport. Felix's mother, too, suscitated the enterprise and expanded it. could have saved herself by emigrating, These days Felix combines part-time but eleaed to stay with her elderly parents. work with frequent trips to see relatives Felix Huttrer After arrival in the UK, thirteen-year-old and friends abroad. Apropos of friends: a Felix attended school in Yorkshire, the handful of former inmates of the Bradford heartwarming facet of the UK refugee fees for which were paid by the Gutt- refugee hostel (plus wives) still meet regu- story. The Old Bradfordians - already the manns' agent in Paris. Following the Fall lariy, fifty-odd years after the disbandment subject of a documentary on Yorkshire TV of France the payments dried up, and al of their wartime home. The remarkable co - will feature in a forthcoming 'group though the school offered to keep Felix hesion of this surrogate family is a profile' in our journal. D RG

led to a peace treaty with Jordan, peace is declining, while those desiring a com Oslo discord talks with Syria and much improved rela promise .solution has reached 79 per cent. Extracts from the lecture by Professor Galia tions with Egypt. While the territories remain under Golan of the Hebrew University to Jewish Policy The terrorist campaigns of Hamas and Israel's control, settlements are being Research on Israel's 50th Anniversary. Islamic Jihad sought to destroy the peace expanded, new ones built, and by-pass process and increased doubt among roads cross and split the contiguity of he Oslo Accords are now dead, Israelis; settlers and the Orthodox in par Palestinian land, creating a downward though none of the interested par ticular campaigned against the Accords, spiral in Israeli-Arab relations. Partial T ties is prepared to admit it. some even accusing Prime MinLster Rabin withdr:.wal from Hebron has been Nothing of significance is occurring: there of treason. Yet 200,000 people attended achieved, but there have been no further is no peace process and little or no nego the peace rally in Tel Aviv under the redeployments, which the Government tiation; only limited dialogue with the slogan 'No to Violence and Yes to Peace'. justifies by citing Palestinian violation 01 United States. In the general elections of May 1996 the Accords, though both sides make ac Since the 1967 War there has been a the electorate was divided approximately cusations. shift towards 'doveishness', Israel's public into thirds: those for peace, the waverers, Economic recession, rising unemploy having had enough of bloodshed and the and the rejectionists who brought the ment, falling tourism and the death 01 loss of young lives in the Arab-Israeli Netanyahu Government to power. Netan Israeli soldiers in Lebanon serve to conflict and the occupation of the terri yahu did not present himself as rejecting undermine confidence in the future. A tories. Over 60 percent were prepared to the peace process, but sought a 'secure debunking of myths by revisionist histori accept a return of the territories and the peace', pledging to continue pursuit of ans is part of a new process among dismantling of settlements. They did not the Oslo accords. This commitment he Israelis, which call into question whether see the .status quo of perpetual occupa has not fulfilled. Israel will remain a pluralist democracy tion as a realistic option. With the Netanyahu Government, 'revi or change into a theocracy. The pragmatic solutions provided by sionist Zionism' returned to power in Israel must return to the path of peace the Oslo Accords were approved by two co-operation with the religious parties. Its and find a resolution to the conflict. Two thirds of the population (and received credo is to 'stand firm', hold on to all the peoples in one land must recognise eacn similar support amongst the Palestinians). land and wait for the Arabs to accept the other and translate the Oslo Accords into They brought Israel an almo.st overnight status quo. This is substantially at vari a viable .solution. It is a que.stion of mu dividend of a boom economy, doubled ance with the majority view of the Israel tual self interest. The va.st majority o' the number of countries with which public. There is evidence that support for Israel's people wish to go ahead on tlT^ Israel enjoyed diplomatic relations and those opposed to territorial compromise basis of compromise. D "^ AJR INFORMATION JUNE /998

Conversely, the indigenous German German-Jewish speakers resent the fact that local com Election of Committee munal journals are bi-lingual, and that in of Management 1998/99 demography some places, like Rostock and Potsdam, AGM 21 JUNE 1998 Russian has virtually become the lingua laming the Holocaust on its victims, The following members of the Committee the clownish Russian pogromnik franca of the community. They argue that, are retiring by rotation and proposed BVladimir Zhirinovsky recently as East European DPs they, too, had to for re-election: delivered himself of the following piece grapple with difficulties of language and Mr C.W. Dunston Trustee of wisdom: 'When the number of Jews of acclimatisation in an alien atmosphere. Mr M. Durst Trustee grows too much in a country war breaks The situation is far from healthy. It may Mrs J.Field out. That happened in Germany'. well be that the resources of German Mr H. Levy (Just for the record: in 1933 Jews Jewry won't suffice to solve the 'inte The following remain members of the formed one percent of the inhabitants of gration problems' of the Russians - and Committee without need for re-election in Germany, compared to ten percent in that .some sort of government a.ssi.stance 1998: Poland, seven percent in Lithuania and will be required. D Richard Grunberger MrA.C.Kaufman Chairman five percent in Hungary). MrW.D.Rothenberg Vice-Chairman Paradoxically it is the combination of (fi Treasurer Zhirinovsky's lethal rhetoric with eco Mrs E.S.Ange/ Secretary nomic circumstances that is altering the Vital bits of paper Mr P. Dannenberg Trustee "demography of contemporary German Mrs D. Franklin Mrs G.R. Glassman Jewry. Forty years ago the few survivors ewish Refugees needed documents of Mrs S. Landau •n the country constituted pathetic all sorts before being allowed to leave Liquidations-gemeinden, but these mori 'Greater Germany'. Passports, visas, (Mrs J. Kessler is not standing for election) bund entities were sub.sequently restored JHeimatschein', tax payment certificates, to flickering life by the influx of Dis all that sort of thing. As one never knew placed Persons from Eastern Europe. what might be needed later on, birth Even so, the size of the entire German certificates of parents, grandparents and community was only around thirty thou- so on, either originals or certified copies, GERMAN •"ând (five percent of the pre-war total) formed part of one's luggage. During the hy the end of the Cold War ten years Blitz, whenever we went to the air-raid RESTITUTION CLAIMS ^go. The collapse of the Soviet Empire shelter we took two suitcases, one with Have your claims to recover properties engendered a sizable immigration of Ru.s clothes for emergencies and one with our in East Germany got stuck in legal sian Jews into Germany. By March of this totally irreplaceable documents. and bureaucradc delays? year the Bundesverwaltungsamt (Federal Recently a friend showed me something We, with our German Associates, shall Administrative Office) had registered I had never seen before: a certificate be glad to give you a first assessment "7,000 newcomers from the former Soviet issued in Vienna three weeks after the of what can be done free of charge. Union. This migration is pushing the An.schluss, stating that his father, a dental potential size of German Jewry into six surgeon, was not to be molested or hin Please contact Izabela Stankowski digits, but is aLso straining the re.sources dered in his medical duties at any time by Edmonds Bowen & Co., Solicitors "' the local communities to breaking having to scrub streets. The instruction, my 4 Old Park Lane,LondonWI Y 3LJ Point. In smaller ones, like Duisburg/ friend tells me, was honoured. Tel: 0171 629 8000 '^îihlheim an original membership of 150 Aryans had a similar need for docu Fax: 0171 221 9334 had to absorb' a thousand newcomers. ments, though for different reasons. I No pension claim enquiries please Even the four-digit communities such have seen the complete family history ^'^ Beriin, Frankfurt, Munich and Dussel- booklet of a German, showing all family ôrf can hardly cope with the problem of details since 1750, with evidence of all mtegrating the Ru.ssians'. Eighty percent ancestors' certificates of baptism and mar oi the newcomers are (at least initially) riage, plus dates and names of witnesses. PARTNER "•ecipients of welfare assistance, and thus Without such a family hi.story it would in long established English Solicitors Unable to pay membership sub.scriptions. have been very difficult to obtain a re (bi-lingual German) would be happy '""igger problem is many Ru.ssians' lack sponsible job or be allowed to attend to assist clients with English, German ^^t religious commitment, or even ac university. My informant received a DPhil and Austrian problems. Contact quaintance with synagogue ritual. But the degree at Breslau in 1941. His degree Henry Ebner "'ggest problem of all is the habituation was signed by the Dean of the Faculty, "' the newcomers to the Russian lan and countersigned, under the German Myers Ebner & Deaner guage (and the Russian way of doing eagle with .swastika, by the party repre 103 Shepherds Bush Road "ings). The effort of switching over to sentative at the university, who happened London W6 7LP Another language and culture is simply to be the head porter. Did this show the Telephone 0171 602 4631 "o much for many: they consequently regard in which the faculty held the Nazis get locked into a state of isolation made or the contempt the Nazis had for the ALLLEGALWORK Muite bearable by the inflow of more and university? UNDERTAKEN •ôre Russian speakers. ,^ n Prof Paul Samet AJR INFORMATION JUNE (998

After marrying Gina in 1951, he joined sign of the graves of his family, no mem RevJews the Jewish Agency's Settlement Depart ories of his relatives, only an "empty" ment and in 1956 was posted to their land, flat and almost featureless. Vilna partisan - in his Geneva office where he chartered the Heshel's Kingdom contains no vivid de ships carrying immigrants to Israel from scriptions of the erstwhile community as own footsteps Poland, Hungary, Morocco and Egypt fol in Konin. The interest of the book lies in lowing the Suez War. Back in Israel he the author's reflections on his own atti Joseph Harmatz, FROM THEWINGS, took up a post with the Worid ORT Un tudes, and his evocations of people and 1940-1960, Book Guild, 1998, £15. ion and began another chapter in his life. places. For the most part he writes as a oseph Harmatz is a Holocaust survivor Harmatz' return to his roots after half a detached observer, but one image strikes whose tough, purposeful and deter century and this remarkable memoir of home: visiting the museum he realises mined character was forged in the survival confirm him as a man of excep that it must have been the murderers Jstruggle against Germany's genocidal tional courage, tenacity and strength, yet themselves who took the photographs of invasion of Lithuania. In 1994, reveal little of his innermost thoughts, his mass executions on display. Such refined accompanied by his younger son Ronny, emotions or his dreams. Though the sadism touches a nerve. he rediscovered the sites and events of book bears irrefutable witness to the D Martha Blend their family's fate. depths of human depravity, it demon He was born in Rokishkis in 1925, the strates how a decent person can rise second of three brothers in a bourgeois above evil to be a force for good. Joseph Emotionally illiterate JewisVi family where Joseph enjoyed an Harmatz the man remains something of idylic childhood which was shattered by an enigma. Bernhard Schlink,THE READER, tr. by Carol the German invasion in June 1941. The D Ronald Channing Brown Janeway, Phoenix House, 1997, Harmatz family were fortunate to have £12.99. Joseph Harmatz will be talking about his experi already left for Vilna, the Soviets having his is a love story, a crime novel ences at a symposium on 'Revenge or Justice?' nationalised their trading business. With and a Holocaust-tinged tragedy presented by die Spiro Institute on Sunday 14th the occupation Joseph was in double seen entirely from the German June, 8pm, at Middlesex University, The Bur T jeopardy - as a member of the Commu point of view. Its author is a law roughs, Hendon, NW4. Booking enquiries: 0171 nist Youth Movement and a Jew - so he professor who has previously written 431 0345. went underground. In Vilna's ghetto in detective stories; The Reader, has 1942 Harmatz joined the FPO partisans propelled him on to the German best and became a policeman. On the day of A nowhere place seller list. the ghetto's liquidation the following The locale of the novel is somewhere year, Harmatz' partisan group escaped Don Jocobson, HESHEL'S KINGDOM, Hamish in SW Germany and the time is from the through the sewers into the Rudnitski for Hamilton, 1997, £15.99. 60s onward. ests where they set about destroying an Jacobson grew up in the Fifteen-year-old Michael Berg, a gram trains, telegraph poles, railway tracks and I former diamond bocmtown of mar school boy, son of a university bridges. They participated in the Red Ar D;Kimberley . As a member of the lecturer, is taken sick in the street one my's liberation of Vilna in the summer of tiny Jewish community Dan felt different day. A kind woman, nearly 30 years his 1944 and, paradoxically, he was drafted from the white Christian Herrenvolk, but senior, helps him to get home. He has a to help rebuild those damaged roads, personally encountered little antisemi bout of hepatitis, and on recovering, his railways, bridges and factories in support tism. During the war, news of German mother makes him call on his rescuer to of the Soviet Union's continuing war ef atrocities filtered through via newspapers thank her. Michael and the kind stranger fort. and later, films, but his family never become lovers. They are an extremely il'" Harmatz left clandestinely in January talked about what had happened to their matched couple, for apart from the age 1945 and, backed by the Palestine Jewish relatives who had stayed behind in Lith gap, she is from a different class - a tram Brigade billeted in North Italy, he volun uania. Until his mother's death Dan had conductor with no formal education. She teered to take vengeance on German little curiosity about her home country, thinks that Michael is seventeen, and he Holocaust perpetrators, leading the hit regarding it only as a "nowhere", a place proudly does not correct her. But apart squad in Nuremberg. Although their plan of deprivation. Then, on discovering his from love-making, he also continually to poison the city's water supply was grandfather's spectacles, he felt the urge reads to her from his wide literary inter abandoned, a second plan to contami to go there and see it for himself. ests. nate bread supplies at a camp holding It was this grandfather who by dying Then the inevitable happens: the affaif thousands of SS personnel partially suc prematurely saved his family. Having ex falls apart and she vanishes. In time ceeded. plored the possibility of emigration to the Michael becomes a law student and un Arriving in Palestine in 1946, he was in United States, he had decided to remain der the tutelage of a returned refugee la* terned by the British, but reunited with in the shtetl. Later his widow took herself professor he becomes involved in men his mother who had survived the camps. and her nine children to South Africa tally wrestling with Germany's awful past- After release he did manual work, then where the author was born. One day he is sent as an observer to a won a position in the Palestine Electric Jacobson had no clear idea of what he long-delayed war crimes trial and there, Corporation. In Israel's 1948 War of Inde expected to find, and indeed, found very among the accused, is his former lover, pendence, his unit suffered heavy losses little: a Jewish museum, a solitary Jewess, erstwhile SS woman, Hanna Schmitz. in fighting off the Syrians in Galilee. the site of one of the killing fields. No They look at, but do not acknowledge, AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

each other. Unhappy Michael must learn presented by Beth Shalom and the Spiro ^ that his ardent lover was a brutal guard Institute) on their hands, the authors and fr in a satellite camp of Auschwitz. There producers are receiving offers to stage it Companions she caused young and weak girls to be elsewhere in the UK and also in the of London given into her 'care'. Unbelievably, she United States; a TV pilot video is also Incorporating made them read to her and, when the being made. Neither the cast nor the pro Hampstead Home Care ^ -y time came, selected them for gassing. On duction company take any profit from the the death march towards Germany she play's presentation, consequently they A long established company providing care in your home added another load of guilt upon herself are reliant on and welcome the help of by keeping the women prisoners locked benefactors at all levels to enable Across * Assistance with personal care in a church on fire after an air-raid. Only the Bridge to reach the wider audiences •k General household duties one woman and her daughter survive. which will benefit from this unique pro * Respite care They are the main witnesses against duction and its vitally important message. * Medical appointment service Hanna and her fellow accused. The last- DRDC OUR CARE IS YOUR CARE' named blame everything on Hanna, who 0171 483 0212/0213 accepts this stoically. New End Theatre's current production The Great Gatsby' runs to 7th June after which Fenella Here the novel runs into a problem. Fielding stars in the premiere of'A Dangerous Michael has got to know, and the reader Woman' until 5di July Box office: 0171 794 0022. has to suspend doubts about this, that SPRING (Jefendant Schmitz is illiterate (hence her passion for being read to). This failing GROVE spoils her hope of a proper defence. One Roots of antisemitism 214 Finciiley Road is asked to believe that she prefers extra n Yom Ha'Shoah, the day of London NW3 loads of guilt to an admission of her "stu remembrance for victims of the London's Most Luxurious pidity". This gets her, and her alone, a OHolocaust, Stephen Smith, RETIREMENT HOME lite sentence. director of the Beth Shalom Holocaust * Entertainment-Activities She serves eighteen years, and during Memorial Centre, gave the annual Raoul * Stress Free Living them the budding law professor Michael Wallenberg address to the B'nai B'rith * 24 Hour Staffing absolves his own guilt by sending her Lodge which bears the name of the * Excellent Cuisine ever more recondite readings on tape. Swedish saviour of many thousand .* Full En-Suite Facilities Towards the end it becomes clear that Hungarian Jews. Call for more information Hanna has learned to read and write. Taking as his theme 'AntLsemitism in or a personal tour I will keep the truly awesome finale the Modern World after the Holocaust', 0181-446 2117 secret, though the perceptive reader will Stephen Smith stressed the impossibility or 0171-794 4455 probably guess it. Suffice it to say, there of remembering the deaths of six million 's atonement - but one may doubt that it people, yet the duty remained to remem is enough. ber them as individuals, as did the n John Rossall responsibility to warn against the recur Hilary's Care Agency rence of genocide. "Europe has built into its Christian cul HIGH QUAUTY HOMECARE ture the roots of antisemitism," said FORTHE ELDERLY AND DISABLED New beginning Smith, "and Christianity still underpins It CARERS * COMPANIONS or their new production at Hamp the European ethic". Without it the Nazis * HOUSEKEEPERS stead's New End Theatre of Across could not have carried through their * DOMESTICS F the Bridge - the story of two genocidal policies. Flexible service tailored to your needs survivors meeting at Beth Shalom In his view, antisemitism still remained Daily & Uve-in - 1-24 hours - 7 days a week ^Jolocaust Centre in Nottinghamshire - politically correct in our society. COVERING NORTH <$ NORTH WEST LONDON, ^he plays authors and cast, Anna Cropper Antisemites stretched from the most ac EAST LONDON <£ ESSEX and Dalia Friedland, have expanded the tive, such as members of Combat 18; dialogue and developed their narrative those who chose silence, whose 0181 559 I no into an exceptionally moving and antisemitism was passive; those who Accurate depiction of two women's were apathetic, but potentially active if struggle for survival in April 1945 on a their own interests were threatened; crit Simon P. Rhodes M.Ch.S. '^sath march in Germany. ics of Israel as a subterfuge for STATE REGISTERED CHIROPODIST The prologue to the play takes the form antisemitism; the churches' 'anti.semitism Surgeries at: °' the projection of illustrations made by of contempt'; to those whose stiff-upper- 67 Kilburn High Road, NW6 (opp M&S) c-Ua Liebermann-Shiber who drew these lip antisemitism' was expressed only Telephone 0171-624 1576 exceptionally powerful testaments immedi outside of earshot of Jewish company. 3 Queens Close (off Green Lane) ately after her release from captivity at the Stephen Smith sugge.sted that each of Edgware, Middx HAS 7PU ''ge of 17, as witness to the horrors she us had to tackle our own prejudices if we Telephone 0181-905 3264 "ad been forced to experience. ,: i were to fight antisemitism in the future. Visiting chiropody service available With the success of this production (co- DRDC AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

"Incremental growth of Nazi horror" just as much as "notionally happy end ing" are two more examples of extreme over-simplification. Children in countries overrun by the Nazis felt consternation, rather than incremental growth...' of such change, the more as most grown-ups told THE FALLACY OF have been at the location he states since them that it was all exaggerated. The worst, I cannot but say, cruel dis NATIONALISM the Walfischgasse and the Ring do not intersect but are parallel streets. tortion of reality is to equate survival Sir - One of the great difficulties in Whinfell Court Otto Fleming with "happiness". Survival of the Shoah mcxlern times is the fact that people still Sheffield certainly does not mean living happily think of nationalism as patriotism. ever after. Did not Primo Levi commit Nationalism implies that one particular suicide long after surviving Auschwitz? group of people is better than another HALF BRICKBAT, Has the reviewer never heard of and that a nation is a unit based on HALF BOUQUET Spdtschdden which involve constant de religion, language or ethnic history. This pression? Sir - I am not surprised that the title is no longer tenable. Nations need to be Reading Dr FWilder-Okladek based on secular laws, so that all people Zeider (page 4, April issue) stumped one Bed(s living in a country can coexist peacefully, of your multi-lingual proof-readers'. whilst following their own religion, or There is no 'R' in the word. It should be philo.sophy. spelled Zaida, Yiddish for grandfather, and derived from the Polish word STADE In the late 20th century, great move Dziadek. Sir - I was recently invited by my later ments have taken place after two world mother's home town of Stade (which is wars which make the idea of the nation, May I at the same time take issue with the opinion expressed in the letter successfully twinned with Givat Schmuel as it was at the beginning of the century, in Israel). unrealistic. headed 'Hubris' on page 6. Surely your readers should be allowed to express I came away with the impression that Two rights do not make one right, younger Germans too feel that they are which we can clearly see not only in the their gratitude and appreciation. London NW2 T Deutsch victims in that they were robbed of the Middle East, in Ireland or even Rwanda. colour and the contribution the Jewish Patriotism is fine, nationalism is not. community could have made. Up to now Brighton Road Ulrich Pick THE SHOPLIFTER I felt great bitterness towards the Ger South Croydon Sir - Thank you for printing this lovely mans, but now I can see how they story by Mr Vernon Pearce (March issue) themselves feel as a generation who CRI DU COEUR which I enjoyed reading. It does take me came after the ones that perpetrated these crimes against humanity. Sir - If Inge Trott was born of a Jewish back to my school days in Duesseldorf; Norwood Green John Curds mother then she is certainly Jewish, even we also had a real proper Nazi as a though she practices the customs of school master, and I was instrumental in Middx another religion. seeing to it that his teaching licence was What I think does not matter, but what withdrawn in 1946. I know does. A son or daughter of a Lnden Lea FH Edwards THE SEARCH GOES ON woman who had an invalid Reform London N2 Sir - Thank you for pa.ssing on my letter conversion is unable to marry a Jew in about Mrs Eve Meyerhof, b.circa 1914, to Israel. Also in Great Britain such sons/ World Jewish Relief. daughters are unable to marry in any THE CRITIC CRITICISED I just wanted to let you know that, as 3 Orthodox synagogue. And the majority in Sir - I have to express my annoyance at result, I received a very helpful letter this country are Orthodox. R Grunberger's assertion in his review of from Mrs Montague of the Jewish Refu I am aware that the Reform movement The Unsung Years (February issue) that gee Committee who, whilst allowing fof claim to be in the majority, but that is all German/Jewish autobiographies are the difficulty of finding Eve Meyerhof due to their custom of counting a hus similarly structured and "shaped like a among the records - because people like band and wife as two persons, whereas play in three acts: happy childhood, Eve who came to England as girls were in Orthodox synagogues only the hus incremental growth of Nazi horror, and generally registered under their maiden band is counted. new life in England". name, which in Eve's case we have not Northdene Gardens Henry Schragenheim Who can say that subsequent refugees got - has managed to discover that she London N15 had a happy early life, though it is true probably bore the name of Oppenheim. that most grown-ups see their childhood As you can imagine, I was most inter through rose-coloured spectacles. Let me ested to receive this information and tio NAUSTALGIA quote one example: Edith Bruck's Wer thank you again for your part in direct Sir - I cannot remember where in Vienna Dich so liebt (Frankfurt 1961) tells of a ing my letter to more than competent the Cafe Vindobona was but Alfred poverty-stricken childhood in which her hands! Lane's memory (April 1998) is no better biggest wish was to buy her mother of Preston Deborah Cherry than mine. The Cafe Vindobona cannot ten children a denture. Lancashire -M. AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

Letter from the Chairman ... Dear Fellow JWembers, Officers with the unanimous approval of NEWTONS s Chairman of the AJR, I believe the Trustees of the Charitable Trust and it Leading Hampstead Solicitors that all members should know the was confirmed by ten out of twelve 22 Fittjohns Avenue, A full facts about the termination of members of the Executive' Committee of London NW3 SNB Ernest David's contract as Director and the AJR. 'k All English legal work the appointment of his successor. Given this background, I hope that you undertaken and German, Ernest's original contract was due to ex can now better comprehend the decision Swiss & Austrian claims pire on his reaching his 65th birthday in taken. As some of you may know, Ernest •k German spoken April 1997, which is the normal retire is disappointed that his employment has ^ Home visits arranged ment age for AJR employees. During been terminated earlier than he would ir Associated offices in Hamburg, discussions with me in January 1997, have wished. I would like to stress that Los Angeles.Tel Aviv, Sydney, the Honorary Officers of the AJR do not Ernest intimated that his preference Zurich Would be to remain as Director for an wish to criticise Ernest's performance Tel: 0171 435 5351 other 2-3 years; it was agreed between over the past four years where he has Fax: 0171 435 8881 the Honorary Officers of the AJR and contributed greatly to the stable position Ernest that his contract would continue, in which the AJR now finds itself, and we subject to a notice period of six months are saddened that his leaving should be on either side. the occasion of controversy which is It became clear over the subsequent neither in the interest of the AJR nor of JACKMAN• nionths that the AJR had to take many Ernest himself. fundamental decisions in relation to its On a more positive note, I am delighted SILVERMAN future strategy, in particular in connec to inform you that we have appointed a COMMERCIAL PROPERTY CONSULTANTS tion with its relationship with the Otto successor. You will read about Michael Schiff Housing Association, the Second Radbil elsewhere in AJR Information, but Generation, the Day Centre, Self Aid, the as a son of refugees and with a combi Social Services Department and the utili nation of administrative experience and sation of the financial resources of the immersion in service to the Jewish com AJR over the next ten years or so, all munity from birth, I am confident that 26 Conduit Street, London WIR 9TA issues which will have a fundamental Michael will prove to be the right person Telephone; 0171 409 0771 Fax: 0171 493 8017 effect on the members of the AJR over to take the AJR forward. the coming years. In conclusion, I would like to stress The Officers of the AJR knew that that in life, on occasions, painful and dif Ernest was proposing to remain in his ficult decisions have to be made in the Position as Director, at his own wish, for interests of the future of an organisation, only two or three years at the mo.st. as here. This decision was taken by a whenever he left they would have to group of individuals dedicated over many •"Meruit his successor. It was felt that it years to the interests of the members in ^ould be very much in the interests of order to ensure the continued provision the membership if that successor would of the services desperately needed by so °^ appointed at a time, .sooner rather many of our members. Israel's Finest Wines ^han later, when he or she could contri I would urge you not to be deflected from the bute to the formulation of the new from this path. Let us concentrate our Policies. energies on serving the membership. Golan Heights The decision to terminate Ernest's D Andrew Kaufman Yarden, Golan & Gamla ^"mploynnent was taken by the Honorary Chairman AJR Write, phone or fax for full information tered by the Frankfurt office of the House of Hatlgarten 'Goodwill Fund' Claims Conference, shares net proceeds Dallow Road, Luton LU1 1UR he Conference on Jewish Material from the recovery of properties which Tel: 01582 22538 Claims wishes to alert anyone who the Claims Conference obtained as the Fax: 01582 23240 T failed to register claims for the legal successor to unclaimed Jewish destitution of Jewish property in the property. former East Germany by 31st December Applicants are advised to write to the ^92 (the German Government's Claims Conference Successor Organisa BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE deadline) that they may make an tion, Goodwill Fund, Sophienstrasse 26, 51 Belsize Square, London N.W.3 Application to the Claims Conference Frankfurt am Main, Germany 60487. Our communal hall is available for Goodwill Fund up to 31st December Please include the property's address, the cultural and social functions. 1998. name of the original owners and your re Tel: 0171-794 3949 l^he Goodwill Fund, which is adminis- lationship to them D AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

AJR ^^5

administration manager, and in the last AJR's new two years fulfilled a similar role manag ing the European head office of a Chief Executive US-based management consultancy. ichael Radbil joins the AJR as its Michael's family put down its roots in Chief Executive, bringing with the "Wembley Jewish community of the M him twenty years' experience of 1960s where he was brought up in an administrative and personnel manage environment sensitive to the care of the ment combined with a dedication to elderly. His mother, who founded and voluntary work and care for the elderly continues to run the Wembley Care Society - which provides an excellent day centre, luncheon club and kosher- .\IR chef Ya'acov Azulay celebrating Israel s 50th meals-on wheels .service - still relies on Anniversary at the Day Centre. Michael for his organisational skills. He also followed in the footsteps of his late father Joachim, a Kindertransportee from Danzig, as chairman of Wembley United Synagogue's donations and bequests Second Succeaa^^ed committee, and is much involved in the publication of its lively newsletter. An early proponent of a more enlight Enjoy ''f- Excellent food ened approach to mental health problems, • Stimulating talk Michael led two groups for the Jewish * Enlivening discussion mentally handicapped for five years, each • Meeting new friends of which held regular weekly meetings. For a similar period he held the consider ^\R LUNCHEON CLUB able responsibility of headmaster of onWednesday 17June 1998 Hampstead Synagogue's Hebrew classes. at 15 Cleve Road, NW6 3RL .Michael Radbil Michael's mother Fridel, who came 11.45 for 12.15pm from Frankfurt-am-Main, was the first Guest speaker: Issi Gold within the Jewish community - following matron of Otto Schiff House in Hamp 'Magistrate's Experience' in the traditions of his parents, both of stead where, as a consequence, Michael whom were refugees from Germany. lived the first six years of his life, sur Reservations (£7) In the 1980s he spent a most satisfying viving a large number of adopted from Sylvia, Renee and Susie four years as administrator of a cottage grandparents! - and later went to Univer Tel: 0171 328 0208 hospital, then supervised the sales and sity College School. distribution of the famous Michelin Michael confes.ses to being excited at his guides in the British Lsles. In his nine appointment with the AJR and is looking years with a London investment bank he forward to the challenges it presents. AJR 'Drop in' Advice Centre was promoted to group personnel and DRDC at the Paul Balint AJR Day Centre 15 Cleve Road, London NW6 3RL between 10am and 12 noon on the Thankyou letter ... following dates: Paul Balint An enjoyable Seder AjR Day Centre Thursday 4 June Monday 8 June I would like to thank the Day Centre's Tuesday 16 June devoted team for the most enjoyable Wednesday 24 June Thursday 2 July Seder evening we spent with you all. Sunday 12th July at 2pm Everything was first class and the Rabbi and every Thursday from Family and friends are all welcome to join seemed at his best. 10am to 12 noon at: us for an enjoyable afternoon at AJR, I Hampstead Gate, I a Frognal, I do realise the hard work and prepa 15 Cleve Road, London NW6 London NW3 6AL ration that goes into arranging such an Entrance £3 No appointment is necessary, but please bring event and I for one appreciate it along all relevant documents, such as Benefit greatly. including tea & refreshments Books, letters, bills, etc. Stefi Cohn AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

• • • Viewpcint • • •

hen I was a child, the vast in the Covent Garden museum) tem conurbation of London was Tunnel vision porarily alleviated the crush brought W acknowledged to be the To this system was added, between by travel in the peak morning and largest city in the world with a the wars, the most modern and effi evening 'rush hours'. The system population of from eight to ten million, cient urban transport network in the gradually became tatty and dirty, and depending on whether the good world, the Underground Railway. New- passengers could no longer be as burghers of Middlesex and Surrey were stations, many architectural gems like sured of a civilized environment. included with those in the old LCC area. Amos Grove and Southgate on the Thatcherism ensured that as little as London could not have functioned Piccadilly Line, were built in virgin possible was spent on preserving this without the nineteenth-century devel territory and London's outer suburbs anachronistic public utility. opment of well-engineered services: sprang up, giving birth to the ubiqui John Prescott's plan to inject more water supply, sewage and waste dis tous three-bedroom semi. The Tube' than £7 billion private capital over the posal, the importation of coal, the railway's electric trains tunnelled their next 15 years into London Under piping of coal gas and transmission of influence everywhere except where ground may be the light at the end of electricity. the sandy soils south of the River the tunnel. If not, the current 10% an Into this horse-drawn world the train Thames held sway. nual increase in the two-and-a-half brought a transport revolution. Lines After World War II, in preference to million passenger journeys being extended from the capital's great ter trams, trolley and diesel-powered made every working day will add mini to all parts of the kingdom, a buses, the Tube became the transport misery to overcrowding, discomfort natural habitat for the smoke-belching of delight for commuters of all classes, and delay, at a cost per mile already monsters so beloved of generations of but in its carriages social taboos were higher than any comparable system in train spotters and children's authors. rigorously observed. Fraternisation, con the world. A revitalised underground, These lines were co-opted to carry versation or eye contact of any kind however, would solve the capital's manual workers, clerks and city gents were strictly verboten, the need for congestion problems and put London

PAUL BALINT AJR DAY CENTRE Homesharing 15 Cleve Road.West Hampstead, NW6 '• • omeshare', a registered charity Mon. & Weds. 9.30am-3.30pm. Tues. 9.30am-S.30pm. Thurs. 9.30am-6.30pm. Suns. 2pm-6.30pm thai has been running success * Delicious 3-course kosher lunches * art classes * keep fit * bridge * games * optician * fully for three years, aims to assLst * dentist * chiropodist * library * discussion group * shop * clothes sales * H * advice on pensions & social security * outings & holidays * elderly people whose overwhelming * daily musical entertainment programme * wish is to remain in the familiar Call Sylvia Matus - 0171 328 0208 surroundings of their own homes. Homesharing is ba.sed on the principle Attcrnoon entertainment programme - of exchange: an elderly person offers a Tue 16 Geoffrey Strum & Helen Blake JUNE/JULY 1998 room in his or her hcMiie and the use of ^lon 1 CLOSED - SHANOJOT Wed 17 DAY CENTRE OPEN - Tue 2 Gina Fergione, soprano & LUNCHEON CLUB kitchen and bathroom facilities in ex Angus Cunningham, piano Tlnir 18 Anna Margolis, soprano & change for a younger person sleeping in êd 3 Dorothy Sayers, accordion & Richard Black, piano the home at night and giving ten hours piano Sun 21 DAY CENTRE CLOSED - AGM of help per week. Typically, the young Mon 22 Louise Merrett, soprano & Thur 4 Katinka Seiner & Laszio Easton, person continues to work or .studies dur violin & piano Margaret Marinkovic, piano Sun 7 DAY CENTRE OPEN - NO Tue 23 Ilya U.shakov, violin & Yaron ing the day and helps with shopping, ENTERTAINMENT shavit, piano cooking and other household tasks, as "ôn 8 Robert Brody & Daphne Lewis, Wed 24 Melanie Reid, soprano with well as providing companionship and piano piano accompaniment security. Thur 25 Stefani Pleasance, soprano & ûe 9 Amanda Palmer, opera Firm friendships often develop, with Wed 10 Natalia Box, violin & Geoffrey Angus Cunningham, piano Whirworth, piano Sun 28 DAY CENTOE OPEN - NO the younger person becoming a trusted Thur 11 Karen Grace, soprano & Joan ENTERTAINMENT and reliable substitute relative. Great and Oates, piano Mon 29 Jack & Rita David sing ongoing care is taken to select and match Tue 30 Ann Sheffield, cello, David Sun 14 Bernard 'Wilcox, tenor, Julia people with compatible interests and life Richmond, violin & Madeleine Beneti, soprano & Elizabeth styles. Ellwood, piano Whitelaw piano ôn 15 Anna Morris, violin & Julietta Wed 1 Katinka .Seiner <& Laszio Easton, If you would like to know more, please Demetriades, piano violin contact Wendi Wilson of AJR's Social Services Department D RDC AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

FAMILY CHAUFFEUR ANNOUNCEMENTS mmmm Reliable and caring Chauffeur SHELTERED FLATS Deaths (47) 30 years experience, clean TO LET Landau. Hilde Dorothea dresses, underwear, licence. Excellent references Attractive warden-controlled Landau (nee Salamon) passed cardigans etc. Prepared to vi/ork flexible hours, seeks position flats are available away on 22 April 1998 in Shirley Lever at the Belfast City Hospital. Born Contact from time to time Paul Balint AJR Day Centre 0181 381 5804 evening or at 1909 in Berlin. Retired Tuesday 2 June 0958 575188 during day Eleanor Rathbone House research bacteriologist and Wednesday 24 June Highgate N6 widow of Alexander COlo') 9.45- II.45am Landau, civic architect. Loved and missed. PART TIME COOK/ Details from: HOUSEKEEPER Mrs.K.Gould,AJR,on Meyer. Ruth Meyer born EVEROL Required by widov^er 0171-431 6161 Northwood, Middx. area Zwickau 1927. Kindertransport Tuesday and Thursday 1939, Stoatley Rough School, Interior & Exterior Painting 3 days a week: mornings. died 5 April in her 71st year. & Decorating total 6-8 hours approx. also Kitchen & Fondly remembered by her Please apply via AJR Box No. 1246 Viewing by appointment only family and friends. Bathroom Tiling Cooper. Alfred Cooper (ne Teh 0181-427-0035 Cohen) from Hamburg, who DrN DELIS HOUSE passed away 9.3.98, came to Residential Care Home BELSIZE SQUARE England in 1939 by BOOKS for Senior Citizens APARTMENTS Kindertransport, was interned Religion highly honoured 24 BELSIZE SQUARE, NWS in Australia, then enlisted in PURCHASED Pleasant relaxed atmosphere Tel: 0171-794 4307 or the British Army. He will be Pre-1950 Children's* All single rooms with TV 0171-435 2557 sadly missed by his wife Ruth, Illustrated Books & telephone son Peter, daughter Yvonne Published in Germany, Russia, For information contact: MODERN SELF-CATERING HOLIDAY ROOMS, RESIDENT HOUSEKEEPER and family. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Mrs HR Fearon Pennant MODERATE TERMS Hungary Phone 0181 903 7592 NEAR SWISS COTTAGE STATION Reid. Lea Luise Reid, born Fax 0181 903 4195 Berlin 18.8.1903, died peace Brian Mills: Books 18 North Road, Glossop, fully 10.5.1998. Beloved mother, Derbys.SKI3 9AS TORRINGTON HOMES grandmother and great-grand Tel/Fax 01457-85 6878 ALTERATIONS mother. Will be sadly missed by MRS. PRINGSHEIM, S.R.N. OF ANY KIND TO MATRON Marion and Peter, John and For Elderly, Retired and Convalescent LADIES' FASHIONS (LicensBd by Borough ol Barnet) Jackie, Lauren and Adrian, Adam, I also design and make * Single and Double Rooms. Karen, Jacob and Jonathan. Dr H Alan Shields children's clothes * H/C Basins and CH in all rooms. MB ChB BDS LDS RCS West Hampslead area * Gardens, TV and reading rooms. CLASSIFIED 0171-328 6571 * Nurse on duty 24 hours. DENTAL SURGEON * Long and short term, including Miscellaneous trial period if required. Heine. Heine's Werke, Full Dental Service C.H.WILSON From £275 per week complete set of 6 volumes, Home visits. Emergencies Carpenter 0181-445 1171 Office hours Morocco Leather, gilt edged, Painter and Decorator 0181-455 1335 Other times perfect, absolutely mint 46 BRAMPTON GROVE French Polisher NORTH FINCHLEY condition, beautifully and HENDON, NW4 Antique Furniture Repaired Tel: 0181 203 0405 Tel: 0181-452 8324 liberally illustrated. Published Car: 0831 103707 Residential Home c. 1900 by Sigmund Bensinger, Clara Nehab House Vienna. £95 o.n.o. Radlett The AJR does not accept

10 AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

the subject is the famous trio of Max Reinhardt, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Alfred Roller who in 1920 inaugurated the Salzburg Festival which has success fully endured to the present day. Birthday. Burg' actress Susi Nicoletti has turned 80 but not retired. A member he Power of the Poster at the of the ensemble since the forties she mar Victoria and Albert Museum until ried the late Ernst Haeussermann (himself TJuly 26 is a hugely entertaining a returnee from the States and director exhibition featuring over 300 posters from 1958-1968) D from Toulouse-Lautrec to Saatchi & Saatchi. Included are some of the best- known and visually arresting images by 50 YEARS AGO major artists and designers of the past hundred years, illu.strating the impact of THE GOEBBELS DIARIES the poster on daily life throughout the World. The exhibition highlights the One of the revelations in Goebbels' Diaries is the admission that there was opposition in Germany to strengths that make the poster such a the anti-Jewish policy as late as 1943. This op powerful influence on entertainment, art, WDM EN OF BR (TAIN position has on some occasions obviously taken propaganda, politics, social issues and turbulent forms which coerced Goebbels to make commerce. COME INTO the following admissions: The Israeli landscape is the subject of "We are now definitely pushing the Jews out of THE FACTORIES Berlin. They were suddenly rounded up last Satur an exhibition at the Sternberg Centre Wf»l MCHANGE ?DR fcOViCE AND tua Ot day and are to be carted off to the East as quickly Until June 28 by Hadassah Berry and as possible. Unfortunately our better circles, Judith Yellin Ginat, both of whom live especially the intellectuals, once again have failed to and work in Jerusalem. Hadassah Berry understand our policy about the Jews and in some SB's Column cases have even taken their part. As a result our shows mixed media works on paper that plans were disclosed prematurely and a lot of Jews contrast the landscape of ancient Israel estival of European Culture - a slipped through our hands." with the development of modern towns preview. From June 21st nine Cen A}R Information, June 1948 and settlements, while Judith Yellin Ftral European countries (including Ginat's watercolours, collages and etch Croatia and Slovenia) will jointly present ings are inspired by Jerusalem, the a showcase of contemporary art and Judean Desert, the Dead Sea, the Gulf of culture featuring their traditions as well GERMA]\ and Eilat and Sinai. as recent achievements. The venues The Tate Gallery offers an opportunity include the London Barbican Concert ENGLISH BOOKS to view a selection of new works by Hall, the Bloom.sbury Theatre and various BOUGHT UK exhibition halls. Representatives from Lucian Freud, most of which have not Antiquarian, secondhand and previously been publicly exhibited, hav- the countries concerned will be modern books of quality 'ng passed into private collections. discussing their future role in the now always wanted. Among the twenty paintings and five unrestricted field of cultural activity. We're long-standing advertisers Works on paper are portraits of the artist's Austria's postwar cultural life en here and leading buyers of books daughters and Freud's recent self portrait riched. Of the many individuals engaged from AJR members. etching, the only print to date in which in the arts who left Au.stria 60 years ago, Immediate response to your letter he has depicted himself. (June 3-July 26). only few returned after the war. They in or phone call. cluded composer/conductor Robert Stolz Peter Doig's vivid paintings at the We pay good prices and who had emigrated because - in his own Whitechapel Art Gallery (June 12 - Au come to collect. gust 16) explore subject matter ranging words - all his friends had gone; writers "om night scenes to snowscapes, often Ernst Lothar, Friedrich Torberg and Hein Please contact: capturing a heightened sense of atmos rich Schnitzler; Burgtheater doyenne Else Robert Hornung IVIA(Oxon) phere. At the same gallery, Aubrey Wohlgemuth and her colleague Karl Eid- 2 Mount View, Ealing, London W5 IPR "illiams working in a style that moves litz; and Marcel Prawy, close friend of Telephone 0181-998 0^46 Leonard Bernstein, who introduced the wtween figuration and abstraction, com- (?pni to 9pm is best) t'lnes in his paintings the experiences of American musical to the Vienna Volk.s "re-Columbian culture and Modernism. oper and made it a la.sting institution. The Royal Academy Summer Exhibi Hans Weigel returned from Switzerland, tion 1998, the annual extravaganza that and Stella Kadmon (of 'Lieber Augustin' brings together paintings, sculpture, fame) from Israel. Annely Juda Fine Art drawings, prints and models by both pro Salzburg. Within the Bohlau Verlag's 23 Dering Street (off New Bond Street) Tel: 0171-629 7578 Fax: 0171-491 2139 visional and amateur artists, runs from series on Austria's nine provinces the CONTEMPORARY PAINTING J^ne 2 to August l6. volume on Salzburg concentrates on cul AND SCULPTURE D Barry Fealdman ture and its effects on tourism. Central to

II A)R INFORMATION JUNE 1998

of Nazi anti-Semitism on everyday life tion of the Jews, for the simple reason Brecht and the Jews comes in his play The Private Life of the that there are no Jews and Aryans, only Master Race (1935-38), in the famous the workers and the capitalist profiteers his year sees the centenary of the scene 'Die jiidische Frau', where a Jewish who bankroll the gangster Ui (Hider) into birth of Germany's most famous wife has to come to terms with her be power. Interestingly, Brecht had a few Ttwentieth-century playwright. trayal by her friends and her husband. years earlier written a prose fragment Bertolt Brecht was born into a middle- Yet Brecht's analysis of Nazi racial called 7?)e History of Giacomo Ui, which class family in Augsburg, but rebelled policy and the persecution of the Jews is tells of a racialist demagogue in medieval against the conventions of bourgeois life. deeply flawed. Like many doctrinaire Padua who turns the locals against the His early plays like Baal and Drums in Marxists, he believed that the only social city's Greek minority, but in 1941, with the Night, for which he was awarded the conflict of importance was the class war, the 'Final Solution' imminent, Brecht Kleist Prize in 1922, display an anarchical and that National Socialism was simply found it ideologically expedient simply to energy and brutal cynicism that an extreme form of the dictatorship of omit racial policy from his Ui drama. deliberately affronted middle-class the capitalist class in its unceasing battle Even more striking is the misreading of society. The spectacular success of 7??^ to suppress the working class. Hitler was, the situation in The Round-Heads and the Threepenny Opera (1928), a reworking of for Brecht, an agent of capitalism, never Pointed-Heads, written earlier in the 1930s: John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, with Kurt the Viceroy of an imaginary Latin American •Weill's haunting, jazz influenced songs, state (President Hindenburg), representing made Brecht an immortal part of the right-wing and capitalist interests, hands myth of Berlin in the Golden Twenties. over power to the racialist demagogue By that time Brecht was undergoing the Angelo Iberin, who preaches to the Round- conversion to Marxism that would deci Heads (Aryans) that salvation lies in sively affect his life and work, leading destroying the Pointed-Heads (Jews). him to a new conception of the theatre, Iberin duly succeeds in splitting the which he called the 'Epic Theatre'. By working class and averting a proletarian introducing what he called 'alienation revolution, whereupon the Viceroy reap effects' (Verfremdungseffekte) into his pears and takes power back from Iberin, plays, Brecht intended to disrupt the consigning him and his nonsensical racial closed form of the conventional drama theories to obscurity. The notion of Hider and to distance the spectators from the as the agent for saving the capitalists' ba events and characters on stage, thus al con in an economic crisis could hardly lowing them to reflect rationally on the be more clearly expressed. To underline play's action. the victory of class over race, the play Forced to flee in 1933, Brecht took ends with the rich Round-Heads and the refuge in a succession of European coun rich Pointed-Heads feasting together, tries, changing his land of residence, as while the poor of both clans are ex he put it in one of his poems, more often ecuted together. than his shoes. Finally, he left Finland in Benolt Brecht To write a play like this in 1934 was 1941, travelled across the USSR and perhaps understandable, though its final reached safety in Cahfornia - which he an autonomous political force in his own scene is now, in the light of the Holo loathed. Hauled before Senator McCarthy's right, and his racial doctrines were there caust, deeply offensive. What makes it House Committee on un-American Activi fore a secondary phenomenon, part of a more so is that Brecht was otherwise ties as a suspected Communist, Brecht left phoney ideological smoke-screen set up meticulous in removing ideologically post-war America and settled in East to secure the Fiihrer access to the levers unacceptable elements from his dramas. Berlin, where he founded the Berliner of power. Once in power, he could Thus, when he discovered that Charles Ensemble. Cunning to the last, however, promote capitalist economic interests Lindbergh had pro-Nazi sympathies, he he kept an Austrian passport, a Swiss unhindered by trade unions and the removed his name from his play about bank account and a West German political parties of the working-class left. the first solo flight across the Atlantic. He publisher, Suhrkamp. In exile, Brecht Class, not race, was the key to under also painstakingly revised his early pliiV moderated the strictness of his Epic standing Nazi policies. Drums in the Night in the 1950s for the Theatre and produced his best known So convinced was Brecht that racial East German edition of his plays, in ao masterpieces: Galileo, The Good Person of policy, far from being absolutely fun attempt to make its presentation of the Sezuan, Mother Courage and her Chil damental to Nazi politics, was merely a Spartacist Uprising of January 1919 more dren and The Caucasian Chalk Circle. He weapon in the suppression of the work acceptable to the Communist regime. But died in 1956. ing class, that in his Hitler play The he made no such effort to revise Th^ Brecht was no antisemite: there is not a Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, antisemitism is Round-Heads and the Pointed-Heads, hint of anti-Jewish feeling in his works; not mentioned - and this in a work writ where amendment was urgently calleu his wife, the famous actress Helene ten as late as 1941, when it had become for. Where Marxist ideology was con Weigel, was Jewish, as were all the main chillingly clear that the war against the cerned, Brecht was, in the la.st analysis^ composers he worked with, Kurt Weill, Jews was one of Hitler's top priorities. even prepared to fudge the historical Hanns Eisler and Paul Dessau. One of The words 'Jude' and Judisch' never reality of the Holocaust. the most telling indictments of the impact appear in the play, nor does the persecu D And^ony Grenvill^

12 AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

tion itself, but also an increasing number AJR-sponsored of photographs, newspapers, books and published documents from '20s and '30s Resource Centre at Germany which are crucial to aid our Beth Shalonn understanding of the steps which culmi nated in catastrophe for the Jewish communities of Europe. any thousands of people have Many powerful and moving testimonies visited Beth Shalom Holocaust from survivors and refugees have been M Memorial Centre since September published in recent years, and more are 1995. Students have been powerfully being written which, due to the con nioved by our exhibition and challenged straints of time and money, often remain by the implications of the Holocaust; unpublished. As many of these as possi those who have visited know we are ble must be recorded before being lost to determined to give the next generation Jatnes Smith at Beth Shalom's website. posterity; more than 50 of these unpub the opportunity to learn from the lished testimonies are already on file in experiences of people who suffered Nazi cessible to visitors, students and school Beth Shalom's Resource Centre. persecution. children alike. A cross referencing index The AJR grant has also helped finance Yet to do this properly, the need to allows a researcher to type in a key the maintenance of Beth Shalom's new create an effective Resource Centre to word, for example Kristallnacht or de website, which both provides information support our educational activity and to portation, and then find everything in about the activities of our organisation make a wider range of materials available the Centre relevant to their search. The and includes a developing list of other quickly became clear. A generous grant colour copying of photographs and Holocaust related sites, organisations and from the Association of Jewish Refugees documents allows users to view and individuals. Institutions wishing to be has been extremely beneficial in this re handle high resolution materials, with registered can visit the site and fill in spect, allowing us to purcha.se a colour out damaging fragile originals; nearly their details online. Our library index is Copier and proceed with developing a 1000 photographs have already been also on the web, enabling prospective Computerised index system. colour-copied and are in the process of visitors to check this in advance. This exciting resource facility prevents being catalogued. Internet u.sers will find us at: http:/ important material from being lost in Importantly this archive includes not www.bethshalom.com Vast filing cabinets, making it readily ac- only material relating to the Final Solu D Dr Jomes Smidi, Direaor, Beth Shalom

FORTHCOMING EVENTS Thur 11 Growing Up in Jewish Post Sun 21 Can We Learn to Get Along?: -JUNE 1998 war Germany: Elena Lappin, Trevor Phillips, broadcaster iS; former editor, Jewish Quarterly. journalist. Wiener Library, Wiener Library, 6.30, i2 Hugo Gryn Lecture, 1998. Ongoing: Surviving the Holocaust Sun 14 Revenge or Justice?: Brunei Gallery, .SOAS, with the Russian Jewish Symposium with Jo.seph Thornhaugh Street, London Partisans: Story of Jack Harmatz, Hyam Maccoby, University, 6pm, .t5 Kagan, Jewish Museum, Rabbi Dr Louis Jacobs & film. Sun 21 Memorial Candle: film by Finciiley (until September) Middlesex University, The Kirsten Warner focusing on Sun-Thurs. ,t2 Burroughs, Hendon NW4, 2nd and 3rd generation i.ssues. Britain, Zionism & British Spm, i5. Bookings: Spiro Second Generation Network, 2 Jews: Jewish Museum, In.stitutc, 0171 431 0.345. Egerton Gardens, NW4, 8pm, Camden Town (until 21 June) Mon 15 Samuel Beckett & Ireland: i5 Sun-Thurs, 10am-4pm, £3 Roy W Clements BA. Club 43, Mon Holocaust Education in USA: Tue 2 The Holocaust in History, Spm Stephen Feinberg, Holocau.st Memory & Education: Tue 16 Modern Hebrew Literature Memorial Mu.seum, Stephen Smith, Beth Shalom -IS International Conference: Washington. Wiener Library, Holocaust Centre. Sussex In.stitute of Jewish Studies, 6.30, £2 University, S.lTpm University College London. Mon 22 Second Australian visit: I hLii 4 Lunchtime Recital: Timothy Admission Free. Herbert Malinow MA I'RGS. Peake, piano. Sternberg Tel: 0171 380 7171 Clui) -<3, 8pm Centre, i2, 1.15pm Tue 16 Holocaust Exhibition 2,000: Tue 23 The Kaiser's Germany: Joiin Thur 4 Memoirs of a Fascist Terry Charman, Imperial War Rohl's autobiographical Childhood: Trevor Grundy. Museum. Sus.sex University, reminiscences. Su.ssex Wiener Library, 6.30pm, i2 5.15pm University, 5.15pm Mon 8 Iran's Unknown 20th Thur 18 Lunchtime Recital: Anya Thur 25 Rosa's Child, a search for a Century History: Harry Szreter-Kelly, .soprano, lost mother & a vanished Leyrer MA. Cluli -i3, Spm Roderick Leece, piano. past: Susi BechlK)fer. Wiener Tue 9 Post-Unification East SternlTcrg Centre, i2, 1.15pm Libniry, 6.30, £2 German Literature: Astrid Thur 18 First & Second Generations, Mon 29 Brecht evening: Krnst I'lesch Kohler, QM & Westfield a shared memory?: Marion MA and Hans .Scelig MA (in College. Sussex University, Hamm. Wiener Library, Knglish (S German). Club 43, 5.15pm 6.30pm, £2 Spm

13 AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

Cooking with Gretel Beer SEARCH NOTICES Austrian-Jewish memoirs. The Institut German-Jewish refugees from Cologne and fur Geschichte der Juden in Osterreich seeks Berlin - Kindertransport/ Jawne Gym unpublished autobiographies written by nasium, etc. Interest in their German and/or former Austrian Jews, i.e. former inhabitants English education. Monica Lowenberg, 32 of the Hapsburg Monarchy and the Repub Grosvenor Crescent, Kingsbury, London lic of Austria. Such memoirs (often NW9 9DA.Tel: 0181 204 8934. recorded for the author's children and Maria (Mariechen) Loebinger, nee grandchildren) are of great value to histori Heller, Auschwitz survivor (where her ans, recording the fate of an individual and husband Guenther perished), came to Lon as source material. Please contact Institut don 1948 and died April 1997. Cousin Alice fijr Geschichte, Dr Albert Lichtblau, Rudolf Young (nee Muskat), her son Ralph, his wife skai 42,A-5020 Salzburg.Austria. Sophia and children Howard and Rosalind Ruwin (b. Latvia) and Ottilie Itziksohn Aubrey lived in Wembley in the 1960s. Apricot Pudding of Leipzig. Knowledge of them and their Would any of these, their Muskat, Pom- friends is anxiously sought by their son eranz or Brumberg relatives in the USA, or The perfect finish to a light salad meal - and Benno in Israel who, only two years old, went their heirs, contact Mrs J Richmond, OSHA, nothing could be simpler to the Jewish School for the Deaf in Berlin, Osmond House, The Bishops Avenue, Lon transfered to England in July 1939. Please don N2 OBG. 1 lb (450g) apricots . contact Benno Icigson, POB 5052, Kiriat Jewish Lawyers in Leipzig 1871-1945. 4'/2 fl oz (125ml) white wine Sharet, Holon 58151, Israel. Fax: 03-550 2413. PhD student seeks information on lav/yers 2 tablespoons sugar Jews from Trabon (or nearby Chum) who emigrated to UK between 1933 and 4 eggs in the Czech Republic, their relatives 1939: Dr Wilhelm Harmelin, Max Heilpern, 3 oz (80g) icing sugar and friends, are being sought by North- Dr Arthur Kaufmann, Dr Ludwig Lehr- 2 oz (60g) ground walnuts or hazelnuts wood and Pinner Synagogue researcher freund, Dr Hans Lbwenheim, Herbert 1 scant oz (25g) fine breadcrumbs attempting to protect the town's Jewish Strauss, Dr Paul Zander, Elisabeth Fein, Karl V/2 oz (40g) melted butter cemetery from sale. Please call Mrs Price: I Herling, Dr Jakob Braude, Dr Walter Franke. butter and breadcrumbs (or ground 0181 950 8205. Anyone in contact with above-named fami hazelnuts) for the dish lies or those of other Jewish lav^^ers from Renee & Herta Chomed, Geneva 1951, Leipzig, please contact Steffen Held, Simon- utter a large gratin dish and dust are being sought by their friend Rosemarie Dubnow-lnstitut fiir jtjdische Geschichte with fine breadcrumbs or ground (now Fox). Please contact at 142 Chemin und Kultur eV, Universitat Leipzig, August- hazelnuts. de I'Anse, Rigaud, QuebecJOP IPO, Canada. B usplatz 9, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany. Tel: Stone the apricots and poach them in Tel: 514 451 0892. 0341-973235-0. the wine with the two tablespoons sugar Ernst Neustadter, almost certainly from until just tender - do not overcook. (Two Lisa Kraus who lived in Vienna III, is Bielefeld, arrived England just prior WWII. or three crushed apricot stones - the being sought by her childhood friend Liesl Married Beate Lux 1956, daughter of Dr brown skin comes off quite easily - Fehl. Would anyone who knew or was re Bruno and Mrs Helen (Shaps) Lux; lived at poached with the apricots greatly im lated to her please contact Elise Harvey, 23 121 Maida Vale London W9. Son Jeremy prove the flavour). Plantation Avenue, Alwoodley, Leeds 17 born 1961. Family being sought by David Separate eggyolks and whites. Whisk 8TB.Tel:OII3 268 0502. Lewin, 156 Totteridge Lane, London N20 the whites until stiff, then whisk in half SJJ.Tel: 0181 446 0404. Rastenburg-Ostpreussen (now Ketrzyn, the icing sugar until well blended. Whisk Poland). Former resident is researching in the eggyolks one by one and then Alt-male Kindertransport group being history of the town's Jewish community and whisk in the remaining sugar. Fold in planned to share experiences in relaxed seeking former residents/their families. Mr ground walnuts or hazelnuts and the and confidential setting. Please pass on this G Dantowitz lived in llford area; Mrs breadcrumbs. Finally fold in the melted - information and/or call Ruth Barnett: 0171 Powisteitski and two sons went to Hong but not hot - butter. Put half the mixture 431 0837. Kong. Please contact FL Krawolitski, Lbhe- into a buttered gratin dish, cover with the Doctorate student at Sussex Uni strasse 32, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Tel: drained apricots and pile the remaining versity wishes to interview female 09131-54199 0 mixture on top. Bake at Gas Mark 5 (375°F, 190°C) and for the first ten min utes of the baking time leave the oven AUSTRIAN and GERMAN PENSIONS door the smallest bit open - just do not PROPERTY RESTITUTION CLAIMS, EAST GERMANY- BERLIN close it properly. After ten minutes close On instructions our office will assist to deal with your applications and the oven door firmly and bake the pud pursue the matter with the authorities. ding until it is golden brown on top. It For further information and appointment please contact: ta.stes equally good hot or cold, but I pre ICS CLAIMS,146-154 Kilburn High Road, London NW6 4JD fer it when it is just warm, with a fine Tel: 0171-328 7251 (Ext 107) • Fax: 0171-624 5002 sprinkling of vanilla sugar on top D AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

He gave the Festival its truly international Obituaries Ruth Gawthorpe Rath character and made it the outstanding A princess in Jewry event it is today, attracting both visitors and highly acclaimed artists from all over his past winter saw the very sad the world. Rudi Jones and untimely passing, after a long Yet he was very different from his erlin-born Rudi Jones, who has Tillness bravely borne, of Ruth predecessors who had included the died aged 85, epitomised survival in Ooyce) Rath. legendary Rudolf Bing and Lord Hare- in every sense - spiritual, intellectual Ruth was the perfect example of a true wood. Small in stature, of scholarly B convert. She became interested in and physical. Prevented from entering Ber appearance, quiet and mild-mannered, he lin University when Hitler came to power, Judaism after being matron of the Hein did not seem at all equipped to stand up Rudi left for Paris where he graduated in rich Stahl home in The Bishop's Avenue. to the parsimonious, and somewhat over political science at the prestigious Ecole As a loyal daughter of Israel she was powering, Edinburgh city fathers. When des Sciences Politique, alongside such concerned that the kashrut facilities in he appeared with them on TV, the com contemporaries as the future French the home were not up to the standard bination looked almost hilariously president, Franq:ois Mitterrand. taught by the London Beth Din in the incongruous. They did practically all the By then Rudi had already met his course of her conversion. She worked talking - he hardly got a word in edge future bride - the aspiring singer Eva with great enthusiasm and tirelessly to ways. But appearances were deceptive: Solon, a feisty daughter of the intellectual give the residents a kosher, warm, truly Peter Diamand knew precisely what he bourgeoisie. Eva followed Rudi to Paris Jewish atmosphere, and was loved and wanted and possessed an iron determina where she became a torch singer, deliver admired by them all. tion coupled with a gift for diplomacy. ing iconoclastic political chansons at the She endeared herself to the Hampstead So, by and large, David managed to pre anti-Nazi cabaret. La Terne, under the Garden Suburb Jewi.sh community by her vail over Goliath - or, rather, the Goliaths noses of Nazi Embassy officials. efforts and regular synagogue attendance, - except in one instance: he could not The couple married in 1935. Rudi did and indeed by all who came into contact persuade them to grant the funds for a investigative work for the World Jewish with her. new, badly needed opera house. Lack of Congress, and at the outbreak of war he In 1988 she married Karl Rath and, to the latter did not however prevent him Volunteered for the British Expeditionary gether with him, set up a perfect Jewish from putting on memorable opera per Porce. In 1940 he and Eva made a hoine in Hendon. They had nine and a formances in the old building. It was dramatic escape across the Pyrenees to half years of married bliss and compan during this time that he was appointed an Spain, where they were interned. Eva lost ionship until she succumbed to cancer hon. CBE, and he received honours in no the baby she was carrying, a tragedy this winter. fewer than five other countries. (deepened by the eradication of Rudi's She is sadly missed by her husband, After leaving the Festival and an inter entire family in Nazi Germany. Their adopted family and many friends. lude as administrator of the Royal

15 AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1998

Ethiopia over the release of 'Falashas' in NEV/SROUND A rabbi spurned? 1991 in 'Operation Solomon', and had a t is not a feminist issue, insisted a hand in the removal of the Carmelite council member at West London Convent at Auschwitz. Furthermore, he is Camp commander for trial Synagogue, where uproar over the said to be a charismatic preacher. Cometh Former commander of Croatia's I appointment of American super-rabbi the hour, it is said, cometh the man. Or Jasenovac concentration camp from 1942 Mark Winer, at an annual salarly of woman? Hath not a Jetv eyes!' Cannot a to 1944 under pro-Nazi Croat dictator £100,000, almost upstaged Israel's 50th woman lead? Ante Pavelic, 76-year-old Dinko Sakic, is anniversary celebrations. Yet for No skin off Winer's nose. He is cer being extradited from Argentina to stand Jacqueline Tabick, the woman left out in tainly a most impressive personality, but trial in Croatia. Half a million Jews, Serbs the cold, it can hardly seem like anything it is easier to empathise with Jackie and Gypsies were murdered at the camp. else. Jackie is one of the British Reform Tabick, clearly so upset that she has Confiscated assets listed movement's first and longest serving taken a sabbatical. She may not have women rabbis, with 21 years at West The names of 25,000 owners of wartime been thought the right person for the job London behind her. But she is almost assets, confiscated under the 1939 by the glitzy West London Synagogue, certainly a victim of circumstance. One of Trading with the Enemy Act, have been which is noted for its celebrity member those circumstances is the role and published by the UK Government. A ship, but Jackie is definitely appreciated personality of her late mentor, the warm further 5,000 are to be added, while as an "outstanding parochial rabbi for and humanitarian Rabbi Hugo Gryn. British banks plan to add to the 1,000 any normal synagogue in this country", Jackie's eulogy at his funeral service, in dormant accounts already identified. according to one view. An observer ex front of a packed and multi-ecclesiastic plained that the synagogue wanted Bank settles account audience, was a brilliant and moving someone of much wider experience. Credit Suisse Bank has agreed to settle tribute to the man in whose light - rather This is galling for a woman whose loy the claim of Holocaust survivor Estelle than shadow - she had stood loyally for alty to her post now invited mincing Sapir for restitution of accounts held by so long. criticism of her so-called limited experi her Polish banker father who died in Had a straw poll been taken then and ence in the Jewish world. And while her 1943. The settlement, in New York, may there, Jackie would have inherited the job as assistant rabbi is considered by in act as a precedent for 40,000 similar cases mantle of the man whose mission she siders to be bener paid than most, defeat pending. knew better than anyone. But Hugo's is hard to stomach. But West London sees funeral and memorial service also itself as a fast mover in the world of Jew Preservation order brought out of the woodwork all those ish affairs. Interfaith awareness and Tzipora Frank, whose family owned part pernicious old Anglo-Jewish shibboleths global approaches are its buzz-words. Be of the land upon which Auschwitz about who and what exactly is a Jew. hind this sophistry lies a deeper issue. extermination camp stood, plans to retain Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks re-opened Anglo-Jewry is in disarray once more, re the title deeds in order to preserve the that rusty can of worms with his singeing, flecting Israel's unease with her own site from development. secret attack on the man as a Torah de identity. The Orthodox-Progressive ten stroyer until it was leaked to the national sions, carefully controlled by Lord Trans-European press. The unspoken respon.se within Re Jakobovits' mini.stry as Chief Rabbi, have Eurovision song contest winner Dana form Judaism was - who can follow an been torn assunder by Chief Rabbi Sacks International confirmed the wide appeal act like Hugo's? Who can take on the in a desperate attempt to appease the re of Israel's pop music scene, while Chief Rabbi? Should there be a single ligious right. As always, such confusion representing the country's trans-sexual British Chief Rabbi at all, if he cannot live spreads, and when prominent Jews like community. Orthodox rabbis are already with the 20 percent of the Anglo-Jewish Labour MP Gerald Kaufman choose to at drawing battle lines to prevent next community which comprises the Pro tack the pomposity of the Board oi year's contest taking place in Jerusalem. gressives? Deputies, it is symptomatic of a deeper, Bann called The rest, so they say, is history. inner identity problem. Social Democrat Gerhard Glogowski has Jonathan Sacks may be Chief Rabbi, but So, back to the Tabick-Winer contro called for the right-wing German People's in an unspoken way the flagship syna versy. It seems that West London Union, which gained a 15% share of the gogue for British Jewry is the towering Synagogue is preparing to take on' the votes in Saxony-Anhalt, to be banned. neo-cla.ssical, domed edifice in Seymour Chief Rabbi and the great Anglo-Jewish Germany's Interior Minister Manfred Place which claims a membership of debate. But is this a war we are talking Kanther reported that right-wing activities 3,000. Of 1,885 voters for Hugo's succes about, or an exercise in religious unity- are now at their highest levels since sor, 77 percent went for the so-called Surely the faith and dedication of '' WWII with most recruits from the East. 'hotshot' Rabbi Winer, the Harvard and trusted woman rabbi, who did not seek Yale educated ex-Texan footballer. So se greater glory outside the parish but Extremist website offline riously did West London take its election, remained quietly with her flock imple' Muslim internet website Al Muhajiroun, in fact, that it was conducted through the menting the work of a great and humble part of the extremist organisation Hizb ut- Electoral Reform Society to avoid any ac man, would have done more for the Tahrir, has been closed for targeting cusations of vote rigging. ethics of the faith than all the sabre- Jewish groups and institutions with anti- Winer is certainly a worid player. He rattling and power-broking of the world s Holocaust and anti-Israel propaganda. helped broker Israel-Vatican relations, hotshots. DRDC was involved with the Foreign Ministry of D Gloria Tessler

Published by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain. I Hampstead Gate, IA Frognal. London NW3 6AL Tel: 0171 -431 6161 Fax: 0171 -431 8454 Printed in Great Britain by Freedman Brothers (Printers) Ltd. London NW 11 7QB. Tel; 0181 -458 3220 Fax: 0181 -455 6860

Year of Commemorations Richard Grunberger P3 He Year 1998 Provides a Feast for the Anniver­ Antisemitism and Dictatorship

Year of Commemorations Richard Grunberger P3 He Year 1998 Provides a Feast for the Anniver Antisemitism and Dictatorship