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EOM/OAS ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION FINAL REPORT Organization of American States GENERAL ELECTIONS GENERAL ELECTIONS , BAHAMAS 2012 IN THE BAHAMAS MAY 7, 2012 Organization of Secretariat for Political Affairs American States Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation 17th Street & Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 Electoral Observation Missions (EOMs) Organization of American States (OAS) USA ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION FINAL REPORT GENERAL ELECTIONS IN THE BAHAMAS MAY 7, 2012 General Secretariat Organization of American States José Miguel Insulza Secretary General Albert R. Ramdin Assistant Secretary General Kevin Casas-Zamora Secretary for Political Affairs Pablo Gutiérrez Director Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation OAS Cataloging-in-Publication Data Final report of the OAS Electoral Observation Mission to the General Elections in The Bahamas : May 7, 2012 / [Prepared by the Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation]. p. ; cm. (Electoral Observations in the Americas series, no. 78) ; (OEA/Ser.D/XX SG/DCOE/II.78) ; (OEA/Ser.G CP/ doc.4801/12) ISBN 978-0-8270-5931-3 1. Elections--Bahamas. 2. Election monitoring--Bahamas. I. Organization of American States. Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation. II. Series. III. Series: OEA/Ser.G CP/doc.4801/12. OEA/Ser.D/XX SG/DCOE/II.78 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................7 CHAPTER II. POLITICAL SYSTEM AND ELECTORAL ORGANIZATION ................9 A. Historical Background................................................................................................................9 B. Political System..............................................................................................................................10 C. Electoral Legislation................................................................................................................... 11 D. Voting Procedure...........................................................................................................................13 E. Political Financing.........................................................................................................................14 CHAPTER III. MISSION ACTIVITIES AND OBSERVATIONS.....................................................17 A. Pre-Electoral Period.....................................................................................................................17 B. Election Day..................................................................................................................................... 19 C. Post-Electoral Process..................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................23 APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................. 25 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On April 3, 2012 the General Secretariat of the The final results of the elections gave 29 seats in Organization of American States (GS/OAS) received a the House of Assembly to the Progressive Liberal Party request from the government of The Bahamas to observe (PLP), and the remaining nine seats to the incumbent Free the General Elections, which were due to be held in May National Movement (FNM). Overall results showed that of 2012. This request represented the first time that The the PLP received 48.62% of the vote, the FNM 42.09% and Bahamas had invited the OAS to carry out an Electoral Democratic National Alliance (DNA) 8.48% of the votes. Observation Mission (EOM) as well as the first occasion in which observers of any kind would monitor the conduct of The Bahamas Constitution Party (BCP) captured an electoral process in the country. In order to permit the 0.06% of the vote while independent candidates collectively presence of international electoral observers, the Bahamian won 0.75%. On May 8th, the Honorable Perry Christie, parliament amended the Parliamentary Registration Act leader of the Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) was sworn in in February 2012, exempting accredited observers from as Prime Minister of The Commonwealth of The Bahamas. provisions that prohibit admission to polling places. On April 4, 2012, the OAS Secretary General accepted the The OAS Electoral Observation Mission wishes to invitation to deploy an EOM to The Bahamas. A few thank the government of The Bahamas, the local authorities, days later on April 10, Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham candidates, party delegates, media, and members of civil dissolved the parliament and set May 7, 2012 as the date for society for the openness with which they received the the General Elections. Mission and to express its gratitude to the Governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Serbia and South Korea, as well as The Secretary General appointed Ambassador Mission Leadership Quebec and Université Laval of Canada Alfonso Quiñónez, Secretary for External Relations of whose support made the Mission possible. the Organization of American States, to lead the OAS Electoral Observation Mission in The Bahamas. Ana María Díaz, DECO Specialist, was designated as Deputy The Electoral Observation Mission would also Chief of Mission. The Mission, which was composed want to recognize the excellent support and cooperation of 12 international observers from 10 countries (Antigua provided by the OAS Office in The Bahamas and thank its and Barbuda, Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Guatemala, Representative, Juliet Mallet Phillip. Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Switzerland and the United States), arrived in the country on May 2, 2012 and concluded its activities on May 8, 2012. OAS observers and experts observed the voting process in 30 out of the 38 constituencies in The Bahamas and conducted extensive interviews with key stakeholders, such as the Parliamentary Registration Department, government actors, political parties, the Royal Bahamas Police, the Registrar General Department and members of civil society organizations, among others.1 1. Governor General; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs; Perry Christie, Leader PPL; Errol. Bethel, Chairman FNM; Branville McCartney, Leader DNA; Sheila McKintosh, Leader BCP; National Youth Council; Bahamas Human Rights Network; Chamber of Commerce; The Bahamas Broadcasting Corporation; Bureau of Women’s Affairs; Office of the Prime Minister; Bahamas Christian Council 5 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION The Electoral Observation Missions of the work with the arrival of the Core Group on May 2, 2012 Organization of American States (OAS/EOMs) have and concluded on May 8, 2012. Regarding the gender become a key instrument for the promotion and defense composition of this OAS/EOM, 42 percent of the observers of democracy in the Americas. They help guarantee the were women, and 58 percent were men. integrity, impartiality, and accountability of numerous electoral processes and strengthen the credibility of The main purpose of the OAS/EOM was to observe democratic institutions in Member States. the Bahamian electoral process and to verify its compliance with internationally recognized principles and standards The presence of an OAS/EOM represents the and to ensure the organization of “free and fair elections,” solidarity and support of the Inter-American community as established in the Inter-American Democratic Charter.2 towards the efforts undertaken by democratic institutions Specifically, the objectives of this Mission were: in states that organize and administer their own electoral processes. OAS Missions promote the recognition of • To verify compliance with the election laws and political rights, particularly the right to suffrage, as the regulations in place in The Bahamas; to analyze the legitimate expression of the opportunity of every citizen to organization of the electoral process in the context of elect representatives and to be elected in an inclusive and standards adopted by the OAS Member States; and free manner. to make note of what was observed and inform the Secretary General and the Permanent Council. Since 1962, the OAS has observed more than 190 electoral processes in the Hemisphere, although the greatest • To work with the Bahamian governmental and advance in these initiatives has taken place in the last 15 electoral authorities, and with Bahamians in general, years. In that time span, the OAS has observed many different to ensure the impartiality, transparency, and reliability types of elections - general, presidential, parliamentary, and of the electoral process. municipal elections, referenda, signature validation and collection processes, as well as primary elections within • To help create an atmosphere of public trust and to political parties – always at the request of the Member State. encourage citizen participation. On April 3, 2012 the OAS received a request from • To serve as a channel to seek and build consensus in the Government of The Bahamas to observe the General situations of conflict among the different participants Elections that took place on Monday May 7th, 2012. Not in the electoral process, as requested. only did this invitation represent the first time that The Bahamas had invited the OAS to carry
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