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Elections and Identity Politics in Kyrgyzstan 1989-2009 - Moving Beyond the ‘Clan Politics’ Hypothesis
LSE ELECTIONS AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN KYRGYZSTAN 1989-2009 - MOVING BEYOND THE ‘CLAN POLITICS’ HYPOTHESIS Fredrik M Sjoberg Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) Department of Government London School of Economics and Political Science London July 2009 Final version: 01/12/2009 11:49 UMI Number: U615307 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615307 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. Fredrik M Sjoberg 2 Abstract This dissertation examines the emergence of political pluralism in the unlikely case of Kyrgyzstan. -
Addressing Ethnic Tension in Kyrgyzstan.Pdf
ADDRESSING ETHNIC TENSION IN KYRGYZSTAN HEARING BEFORE THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 22, 2011 Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe [CSCE 112–1–6] ( Available via http://www.csce.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 95–719 PDF WASHINGTON : 2015 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS HOUSE SENATE CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland, Chairman Co-Chairman JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama TOM UDALL, New Mexico PHIL GINGREY, Georgia JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi LOUISE McINTOSH SLAUGHTER, SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia New York MARCO RUBIO, Florida MIKE McINTYRE, North Carolina KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire STEVE COHEN, Tennessee EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS MICHAEL H. POSNER, Department of State MICHAEL C. CAMUN˜ EZ, Department of Commerce ALEXANDER VERSHBOW, Department of Defense [II] ADDRESSING ETHNIC TENSION IN KYRGYZSTAN JUNE 22, 2011 COMMISSIONERS Page Hon. Christopher H. Smith, Chairman, Commission on Secu- rity and Cooperation in Europe .............................................. 1 Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin, Co-Chairman, Commission on Se- curity and Cooperation in Europe .......................................... 10 MEMBER Hon. Trent Franks (R–8), a Member of Congress from the State of Arizona ....................................................................... 14 WITNESSES Dr. Kimmo Kiljunen, Chairperson, Independent Inter- national Commission of Inquiry into the Events in South- ern Kyrgyzstan in June 2010 ................................................ -
With a Focus on Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan
A Strategic Conflict Analysis of Central Asia With a Focus on Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Niklas L.P. SwanstrSwanströmöm Svante E. Cornell Anara Tabyshalieva June 2005 A Conflict and Security Analysis of Central Asia with a Focus on Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Niklas L.P. Swanström Svante E. Cornell Anara Tabyshalieva Prepared for the Swedish Development Cooperation Agency June 1, 2005 A Strategic Conflict Analysis of Central Asia 1 Strategic Conflict Analysis of Central Asia with a Focus on Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan .... 1 1. General Security and Conflict Situation in Central Asia................................................... 1 1.1. General conflict development........................................................................................................2 1.1.1. Multilateral security arrangements..................................................................................................3 1.1.2. Conflict management, resolution and conflict prevention...................................................................4 1.1.3. Major changes 2002-2005, summarily..........................................................................................5 1.2. Conflict lines in Central Asia..........................................................................................................5 1.2.1 Ethnicity and Border Issues............................................................................................................6 1.2.2 Regionalism....................................................................................................................................7 -
Acta Slavica Iaponica No 16
Preface The Slavic Research Center (SRC) of Hokkaido University held an international symposium entitled “Eager Eyes Fixed on Slavic Eurasia: Change and Progress” in Sapporo, Japan, on July 6 and 7 of 2006. The symposium was mainly funded by a special scientific research grant from the Japanese Ministry of Education’s Twenty-first Century Center of Excellence Program (“Making a Discipline of Slavic Eurasian Studies: 2003–2008,” project leader, Ieda Osamu) and partly assisted by Grants-in- Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (“An Emerging New Eurasian Order: Russia, China and Its Interactions toward its Neighbors: 2006–2009,” project leader, Iwashita Akihiro). The symposium started with an opening speech, Martha Brill Olcott’s “Eyes on Central Asia: How To Understand the Winners and Losers.” The aim of the symposium was to redefine the former Soviet space in international relations, paying closest attention to the “surrounding regions” of Eurasia. Well-known specialists on the region came together in Sapporo to debate topics such as “Russian Foreign Policy Reconsidered,” “South Asia and Eurasia,” “Central Asia and Eurasian Cooperation,” “Challenges of the Sino-Russian Border,” and “Russia in East Asia.” All of the sessions noted China’s presence in the region. Central Asian issues and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization were mentioned in the sessions on South Asia and East Asia. Every participant recognized the crucial importance of increasing interactions in and around Eurasia. Eighteen papers were submitted to the symposium: four from Japan, three from China, two each from Russia and the United States, and one each from Korea, Hungary, India, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and Australia. -
WISH 2020 Begins Today
BUSINESS | Page 1 SPORT | Page 1 Al-Kaabi takes Argentina stun part in Gas All Blacks for Exporting fi rst-ever win Countries Forum over NZ ministerial meeting published in QATAR since 1978 SUNDAY Vol. XXXXI No. 11733 November 15, 2020 Rabia I 29, 1442 AH GULF TIMES www. gulf-times.com 2 Riyals Amir condoles with Mozambique leader His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani and His Highness the Deputy Amir Sheikh Abdullah bin Hamad al-Thani sent WISH 2020 yesterday cable of condolences to Mozambique’s President Filipe Jacinto Nyusi on the victims of the armed attack that targeted several villages and a football stadium in begins today; northern Mozambique, wishing the injured a speedy recovery. In his cable, the Amir affirmed Qatar’s firm position rejecting violence and terrorism, regardless Dr Fauci to of the motives and reasons. HE the Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdulaziz al-Thani also sent a similar cable to Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho. address meet QRCS launches Warm O Qatar Foundation’s global health initiative Winter Campaign to feature world-class speakers, top issues Qatar Red Crescent Society (QRCS) has launched its annual Warm Winter he 2020 edition of the World groups with respect to contracting Campaign for 2020-2021, with Innovation Summit for Health the virus. the theme of #DignityIsPriceless. Tunisian President Kais Saied is being greeted upon arrival at Doha International Airport by HE the Deputy Prime Minister and T(WISH) kicks off today virtu- Peter Sands, executive director of the Under Licence No 1299/2020 by the Minister of State for Defence Aff airs Dr Khalid bin Mohamed al-Attiyah and HE the Minister of Culture and Sports Salah bin ally under the banner ‘One World Our Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculo- Regulatory Authority for Charitable Ghanem bin Nasser al-Ali. -
China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Principles and Foreign Policy
China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Principles and Foreign Policy Sophie Diamant Richardson Old Chatham, New York Bachelor of Arts, Oberlin College, 1992 Master of Arts, University of Virginia, 2001 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Politics University of Virginia May, 2005 !, 11 !K::;=::: .' P I / j ;/"'" G 2 © Copyright by Sophie Diamant Richardson All Rights Reserved May 2005 3 ABSTRACT Most international relations scholarship concentrates exclusively on cooperation or aggression and dismisses non-conforming behavior as anomalous. Consequently, Chinese foreign policy towards small states is deemed either irrelevant or deviant. Yet an inquiry into the full range of choices available to policymakers shows that a particular set of beliefs – the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence – determined options, thus demonstrating the validity of an alternative rationality that standard approaches cannot apprehend. In theoretical terms, a belief-based explanation suggests that international relations and individual states’ foreign policies are not necessarily determined by a uniformly offensive or defensive posture, and that states can pursue more peaceful security strategies than an “anarchic” system has previously allowed. “Security” is not the one-dimensional, militarized state of being most international relations theory implies. Rather, it is a highly subjective, experience-based construct, such that those with different experiences will pursue different means of trying to create their own security. By examining one detailed longitudinal case, which draws on extensive archival research in China, and three shorter cases, it is shown that Chinese foreign policy makers rarely pursued options outside the Five Principles. -
VULNERABLE to MANIPULATION Interviews with Migrant Youth and Youth Remittance-Recipients in the Kyrgyz Republic MAY 2016
Photo: Timothy Harris VULNERABLE TO MANIPULATION Interviews with Migrant Youth and Youth Remittance-Recipients in the Kyrgyz Republic MAY 2016 Executive Summary Research conducted by Mercy Corps and Foundation for Tolerance International (FTI) in Kyrgyzstan1 reveals a number of risk factors related to violence that exist within the studied youth population of southern Kyrgyzstan. This research was conducted between March and May 2016 in the southern provinces of Osh, Jalalabad, Batken, and in the northern province of Issyk-Kul. In 2010, southern Kyrgyzstan saw an outbreak of violence between ethnic Kyrgyz and ethnic Uzbek citizens. Known locally as the Osh Events, this violence resulted in mass casualties, displacement and destruction of physical infrastructure in the South. In addition, southern Kyrgyzstan is a known origin of people migrating to Syria to join Jabhat al-Nusra or the so-called Islamic State, with official figures citing fewer than 500 people from Kyrgyzstan.2 While this research did not specifically seek out people who migrated to join the fight in the Middle East, some respondents were directly aware of neighbors, friends, acquaintances or people from their communities who had gone. Issyk-Kul was selected as a comparator province for this study due to its multi-ethnic composition and lack of conflict history. Kyrgyzstan is characterized by a young, rapidly expanding population, high levels of rural poverty, insufficient domestic jobs for working-age people, and a high dependence on Russia as a source of remittances. The precipitous reduction in remittances from Russia due to contractions in the Russian economy in the last two years and changes in the ruble/som exchange rate have spurred questions about the population’s vulnerability to destabilization or recruitment to jihadi organizations. -
The Changed Position of Ethnic Russians and Uzbeks
KYRGYZ LEADERSHIP AND ETHNOPOLITICS BEFORE AND AFTER THE TULIP REVOLUTION: THE CHANGED POSITION OF ETHNIC RUSSIANS AND UZBEKS By Munara Omuralieva Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Supervisor: Professor Matteo Fumagalli CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2008 Abstract The Soviet Union’s multi-ethnic legacy in the Central Asian region, particularly in Kyrgyzstan was a crucial factor that largely impacted its post-independence state consolidation and transition. Especially the nation-building became difficult due to the ethnic heterogeneity of its population. More recently in 2005 there was the “Tulip Revolution”, basically an overthrow of the northern president by the southern clan leader. Despite the fact that the system and character of the government and of any other governmental structures did not change following the so- called Kyrgyz “Tulip Revolution”, there have been observations of the dramatic changes for the worse in the position of ethnic minorities, more specifically Russians and Uzbeks, and their relation with the titular nation. This work uses interviews and media material in order to demonstrate how the elite change has caused the changes analyzed in the thesis. The findings of the research demonstrate that the elite change, which was a result of 2005 events, is the main factor that has caused negative shifts in the political representation, ethnic organizations becoming more active and politicized, official policies taking more nationalistic tones, and in deteriorated inter-ethnic relations. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgements I want to express deep appreciation to my supervisor Professor Matteo Fumagalli for his useful comments and suggestions throughout the writing process. -
Aid Coordination in Cambodia
CAMBODIA CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING PARIS, JULY 1-2, 1997 Public Disclosure Authorized Tableof Content PAGE SUMMARY REPORTOF THE PROCEEDINGS.................................................... 1 I LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1: List of Participants................................................... 14 OpeningSession Annex 2: Agenda.23 Annex 3: Opening Remarksby Mr. Javad Khalilzadeh-Shirazi,World Bank .. 24 by H.E. Keat Chhon, Sr. Minister in charge Public Disclosure Authorized Annex 4: Opening Remarks of Rehabilitationand Development,Minister of Economy and Finance, Cambodia.27 Macro-EconomicIssues Annex 5: Statement by H.E. Keat Chhon, Cambodia.30 Annex 6: Statement by Mr. Hubert Neiss, IMF.33 Annex 7: Statementby Mr. Kyle Peters, WorldBank .38 Annex 8: Statement by the Delegatefor Japan.41 Annex 9: Statementby the Delegatefor Australia.47 Annex 10: Statementby the Delegate for the United States........................................... 54 Annex 11: Statementby the Delegate for ADB.................................................... 57 Annex 12: Statementby the Delegatefor the EuropeanCommission ............................ 59 Annex 13: Statement by the Delegate for the United NationsAgencies ........................ 61 Public Disclosure Authorized Annex 14: Statement by the Delegatefor Norway.................................................... 64 Annex 14A: Statement by the Delegatefor Denmark . ...................................66 Annex 15: Statement by the Delegatefor Sweden.................................................... 68 Annex -
World Leaders January 2018
Information as of 3 January 2018 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE The Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country's name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. Key To Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. Retired Sec. Secretary VAdm. -
Central Asia in January 2021
Month in Review: Central Asia in January 2021 The first month of 2021 in the countries of Central Asia began with parliamentary and presidential elections in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the purchase of various vaccines for coronavirus, periodic protests, and an ambiguous epidemiological situation in different countries. The analytical platform CABAR.asia presents a brief overview of the major events in the region over the past month. Follow us on LinkedIn Kazakhstan General epidemiological situation In January, compared to December, there is an increase in the incidence of coronavirus by 10 percent in Kazakhstan, from 23.1 thousand to 25.6 thousand cases. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases of coronavirus infection in Kazakhstan, according to official data, amounted to 187 970. Where 2,556 people died (seven deaths were registered on January 31). Cancellation of strict quarantine in Almaty Almaty has moved from the “yellow” to the “green” zone in terms of the rate of detection of those infected with coronavirus. The city stayed in the “yellow” zone for one day – January 30. The severity of quarantine measures depends on which zone (“red”, “yellow” or “green”) the city or region is located in. Earlier, on January 28, Almaty was in the “red” zone, the sanitary inspector of the city Zhandarbek Bekshin decided to tighten quarantine measures from February 1. Among the measures taken were the mandatory hospitalization of patients with any form of coronavirus – mild or severe, a new schedule of catering from 9 am to 8 pm, a ban on work on the weekends. Bekshin also decided to suspend the work of cinemas and theaters, which had Month in Review: Central Asia in January 2021 begun work in October 2020. -
Operational Framework for Managing and Accessing Climate Finance in the Kyrgyz Republic
Public Disclosure Authorized Government of the Kyrgyz Republic Climate Investment Programme Public Disclosure Authorized Operational Framework for Managing and Accessing Climate Finance in the Kyrgyz Republic Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL DOCUMENT Public Disclosure Authorized May 2018 Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AE Accredited Entity (to the Green Climate Fund) AF Adaptation Fund BAU Business as usual CAPS Central Asia Power System CAIAG Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences CNK Climate Network of Kyrgyzstan CCC Climate Change Centre CCCCP Coordination Commission on Climate Change Problems CDM Clean Development Mechanism CCDP-Kg Climate Change Dialogue Platform CCMIP Coordination Council on Macroeconomic and Investment Policy CFCM Climate Finance Coordination Mechanism CFC Climate Finance Centre CIF Climate Investment Funds CIP Climate Investment Programme COP Conference of the Parties (to the UNFCCC) DPCC Development Partners Coordination Council EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EE Executing Entity (for the Green Climate Fund and Adaptation Fund) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) GCF Green Climate Fund GEF Global Environment Facility GEF SCCF Global Environment Facility’s Special Climate Change Fund GHG Greenhouse gas Gosstroy State Agency for Architecture, Construction and Communal Services IAWG Inter-Agency Working Group (on Climate Finance) IDA International Development Association IE Implementing Entity (for the Adaptation Fund) IFCA Investment facility for Central