DOCSLIB.ORG

How to Encourage Sustainable Tourism? a Short Guide for International Donors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How to Encourage Sustainable Tourism? a Short Guide for International Donors INDUSTRY REPORT How to encourage sustainable tourism? A short guide for international donors OCTOBER 2019 Sustainable Tourism Industry Report - October 2019 Sustainable Tourism: An area of Some examples of international donors are the European opportunity for International Donors Union, the World Bank, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Japan International Cooperation Tourism is often a key sector of the economy of countries Agency and USAID etc. where international donors are involved. This trend is expected to continue: The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) While donors have a long history of financing tourism projects, recently revised its forecasts upwards and now expects an they rarely have a defined tourism strategy. Supported tourism average annual growth rate of international tourist flows of projects are under support to local development (value chains 5% per year until 2030. Countries in development are strengthening, structuring of activities, infrastructures), the particularly concerned by the growth of these flows. preservation of cultural heritage, urban development, support to small and medium enterprises, preservation of biodiversity, International donors are public, multilateral or bilateral and the fight against the effects of climate change. Thus, most organizations. They assist developing countries and countries donors support sustainable tourism, but this action has not with economies in transition, in implementing and financing been the result of a comprehensive and coherent vision. their development programs. The mission of international donors is to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals Horwath HTL has identified key issues and recommendations set by the United Nations Organization. They grant borrowing to be considered in order to target and improve the governments loans or grants to finance economic or social effectiveness of international donors’ intervention for the development projects (access to water, energy, infrastructure sustainable development of tourism. development, education, etc.). The global amount of development aid administered by these organizations reached These recommendations are intended for both bilateral nearly USD 143 billion in 2016. and multilateral public institutions that administer official development assistance, and non-governmental organizations and foundations that wish to develop an intervention strategy for sustainable tourism. www.horwathhtl.com 2 Sustainable Tourism Industry Report - October 2019 What Is Sustainable Tourism? The most commonly accepted definition of sustainable According to the definition, Sustainable Tourism should: tourism is that proposed in 2006 by the World Tourism Organization and the United Nations Environment Program in • Make optimal use of environmental resources that their joint report Making Tourism More Sustainable, a Guide for constitute a key element in tourism development, Policy Makers. All the international institutions now use this maintaining essential ecological processes and helping definition. to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity Sustainable Tourism is defined as: • Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve their built and living cultural “Tourism that takes full heritage and traditional values, and contribute to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance account of its current • Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders that are and future economic, fairly distributed, including stable employment and income-earning opportunities and social services to host social and environmental communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation impacts, meeting the needs of visitors, professionals, the environment and host communities.” www.horwathhtl.com 3 Sustainable Tourism Industry Report - October 2019 Tourism is a powerful tool for territorial development The table below summarizes the main challenges of sustainable tourism, and shows how the development objectives of tourist destinations and donors meet: Sector Donors’ goals Translation at destination level Ensuring the viability and • Offer an attractive image of the destination competitiveness of tourism • Maintain good business conditions destinations and businesses • Adapt destination to effects of climate change, etc. Maximize the contribution of tourism to the economic prosperity • Encourage the employment of local labour of the destination by reducing • Promote the purchase of local products, etc. Economy revenue leakage Satisfy visitors by offering safe, • Provide visitor safety and security rewarding and valued activities • Provided quality offers, responding to market demand • Respect international and national labour law Strengthen the number • Increase job and employee’s security and quality of local jobs • Encourage the development of qualifications, training • Ensure the compatibility of tourist facilities Preserve and improve with the environment the quality of landscapes • Limit as much as possible the physical impact of tourism (waste disposal, etc.) • Develop national parks and protected areas Participate in the conservation • Promote eco-tourism and raise visitors' awareness of biodiversity Environment towards biodiversity, etc. • Limit or reduce the consumption of water, land Promote a rational use of resources and non-renewable resources in the tourism sector • Reuse and recycle products that can be recycled, etc. • Ensure environmentally friendly sanitation Minimize pollution (no direct rejects) and waste generation • Reduce the use of harmful chemicals, etc. Seeking a wide and fair distribution • Involve the poorest in the tourist industry to earn a living of the economic and social benefits • Use tourism revenues to support social programs, etc. of tourism • Involve local communities in local tourism decisions Guarantee local control • Build their capacity to participate in this of tourist activity decision-making process, etc. Social • Encourage respectful tourist behaviour towards Maintain and improve the quality the population of life of local communities • Manage the geographic and seasonal concentration of tourists, etc. • Ensure the effective management and conservation Respect and value of heritage sites the local cultural wealth • Promote local culture and traditions, etc. www.horwathhtl.com 4 Sustainable Tourism Industry Report - October 2019 Donors’ intervention should consider the be incorporated into all forms of tourism and all types of global challenges of sustainable tourism destination, including mass tourism and various specialized segments (Business, MICE, seaside). A transverse economic activity creating value in multiple sectors The concept of sustainable tourism is recent and Tourism is a cross-cutting activity that fits into a value chain poorly understood by consumers across multiple sectors: agriculture, transport, urban planning, Global awareness regarding sustainability issues in tourism is environmental protection, waste management, water and relatively recent (approx 25 years) although some countries energy, jobs and social policies. The notion of sustainability in have been able to carry out actions a posteriori, to a tourism cannot be understood in isolation from its impact on sustainable tourism approach (creation of parks, protected other sectors. natural areas, heritage protection, land management in sensitive areas). At present, this awareness is quite general. Sustainable tourism is not a type of tourism International and regional organizations, non-governmental The term ‘sustainable tourism’, refers to a fundamental organizations, private companies, governments and local objective: to make all forms of tourism more sustainable. communities have seized the topic, each on their own scale Properly managed, mass-tourism can and should be as and according to their possibilities of action. sustainable as small-scale, dispersed or niche tourism. Thus, sustainable tourism includes eco-tourism (a form On the customer side, awareness, when it exists, is global of tourism practiced in natural areas, with some form of and relates to sustainable development issues in general interpretation of natural and cultural heritage, supporting (not only applied to tourism in particular). The notion of conservation and indigenous communities and generally sustainability remains to this day still rather marginal in organized for small groups), but is not limited to it. consumer behaviour. In addition, the difference in awareness, In the same way, sustainable tourism must not be narrowed expectations and behaviours between mature economies and to alternative tourism (solidarity, equitable, agri-tourism, emerging countries in terms of sustainable tourism needs to be participative humanitarian, slow tourism), at the risk of missing highlighted. The latter will represent the main source of growth most of the tourist market, and therefore to obtain very in international flows over the next 30 years. Presumably, limited impacts. The principles of development and methods generational catch-up and evolutions in behaviours should lead of sustainable tourism management are applicable and should to a levelling of practices in the medium or long term. www.horwathhtl.com 5 Sustainable Tourism Industry Report - October 2019 The most shared tendency, when there is awareness towards The multiplicity of labels reduces their visibility sustainable development, is to consider that there is no reason and ability to be understood
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Promoting Alternative Tourism Models to Reduce Pressures in the Mediterranean Region
    PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TOURISM MODELS TO REDUCE PRESSURES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION June 2019 THE PROBLEM The tourism sector is amongst the highest income generators in the Mediterranean, contributing directly to regional economies thanks to sectoral synergies and powerful knock-on effects. However, as important as it is economically and socially, tourism also puts a great deal of strain on the natural, cultural and social environment. It creates a high demand for space on land and sea and leads to a high concentration of activities during specific periods and in specific geographical areas. The impacts of this dramatically affect the attractiveness of the area. Such pressures take their toll on many areas, including water and waste management and energy efficiency. Indeed, tourism worldwide is estimated to Current EU policies related to tourism only account for 5% of global CO2 emissions, 40% of partially reflect the socio-economic and which arise from air transport and 20% from environmental realities of the tourism industry, hotels and other types of accommodation. on the whole failing to take account of complex The remaining 40% is related to other types of and interconnected nature of this sector and, transport (cruises, cars, railway, etc.) and to the most importantly, of its sustainability challenges. recreational services provided by tourism1. More sustainable tourism planning and The growing awareness of those impacts has management practices would not only led to the promotion of sustainable tourism mitigate and prevent those impacts, but also as a major priority for the future of the sector; provide real opportunities to reverse those a challenge that must be taken up both for the trends.
    [Show full text]
  • FARM TOURISM and RURAL DEVELOPMENT. a SUCCESSFUL COMBINATION? a LOCAL EXPERIENCE∗ Antonietta IVONA University of Bari, Italy
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenstarTs FARM TOURISM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT. A SUCCESSFUL COMBINATION? A LOCAL EXPERIENCE∗ Antonietta IVONA University of Bari, Italy 1. Introduction Most people consider the territory as a substratum almost inert and inorganic, as a simple stage for communities and human activities. Actually a territory as a region, is a whole and an organic structure with human and physical elements; one acts on the other (Bissanti, 1978). The knowledge of availability of landscape resources (landscape as a combination between human and physical tracts that bestows to a territory typical features), affects, for example, the economic and social development of a community but the use of resources depends on that development. The different distribution of men and their activities on space have a precise functionality and a particular aim: to emphasise resources and territories. Tourism is one of those activities that use and waste the territory; it, always, needs new and incontaminated spaces. At the same time it reproduces processes of urbanisation and thus typical features of places become less evident. An often notable change derives from territorial potentialities, whose consequence is that "space is not only visited; but it is also organized (remodelled, restructured) and also consumed" (Lozato-Giotart, 1999, p.20). There are three big areas in which changes take place: - life style and welfare of host community (probably a loss of cultural heritage occurs); - functional, productive and assimilative power of ecological system; - nature, with a change of the ecosystem. Careful tourism planning imbued with the principles of sustainable development, should prevent or restrict the pollution of sites made fragile by an excessive tourist crowd.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideology and Utopia Along the Backpacker Trail
    Responsibly Engaged: Ideology and Utopia along the Backpacker Trail By Sonja Bohn Submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology (2012) Abstract By following the backpacker trail beyond the „tourist bubble,‟ travellers invest in the ideals of freedom, engagement, and responsibility. Backpacker discourse foregrounds travellers‟ freedom to mobility as it constructs the world as „tourable‟; engagement is demonstrated in the search for „authentic‟ connections with cultural Others, beyond the reach of globalised capitalism; responsibility is shouldered by yearning to improve the lives of these Others, through capitalist development. While backpackers frequently question the attainability of these ideals, aspiring to them reveals a desire for a world that is open, diverse, and egalitarian. My perspective is framed by Fredric Jameson‟s reading of the interrelated concepts of ideology and utopia. While backpacker discourse functions ideologically to reify and obscure global inequalities, to entrench free market capitalism, and to limit the imagining of alternatives, it also figures for a utopian world in which such ideology is not necessary. Using this approach, I attempt to undertake critique of backpacker ideology without invalidating its utopian content, while seeking to reveal its limits. Overall, I suggest that late- capitalism subsumes utopian desires for a better way of living by presenting itself as the solution. This leaves backpackers feeling stranded, seeking to escape the ills of capitalism, via capitalism. ii Acknowledgements I am grateful to the backpackers who generously shared their travel stories and reflections for the purposes of this research, I wish you well on your future journeys.
    [Show full text]
  • Eco-Tourism As a Sutainable Alternative to Conventional Tourism Vir Singh* GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
    rism & ou H Singh, J Tourism Hospit 2015, 4:4 f T o s o l p http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0269.1000168 a i t n a r l i u t y o J Journal of Tourism & Hospitality ISSN: 2167-0269 ShortResearch Communication Article OpenOpen Access Access Eco-Tourism as a Sutainable Alternative to Conventional Tourism Vir Singh* GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India Abstract Eco-tourism has been capturing attention of neo tourists, nature lovers and environmental planners for last two decades or so. Since then large body of literature has been created and much water has flown through Ganga. However, eco-tourism, due to lack of enchanting call through popular articles, still seems a distant dream to be realized. As such, a tourist will be seldom found posing himself or herself as a proud eco-tourist. This small article attempts to fill this gap. Keywords: Alternative tourism; Eco-tourism; Tourism social-cultural integrity of local people. Environmental and social responsibilities go hand in hand in eco-tourism. Environmental Introduction management needs recycling of wastes, energy efficiency and water conservation. Eco-tourism gives emphasis on all these aspects of sound Tourism is among the world’s largest industries. As consciousness environmental management. is increasing, education is spreading, economy is strengthening, transport connectivity is breaking barriers of inaccessibility and Conventional tourism is often impervious to the need of generating reducing distance, communication is becoming ever more effective employment opportunities, especially for local populace. The eco- and as nations of the world are coming close to each other through tourism, on the other hand, seeks such opportunities and attempts to the rapidly going on liberalization, privatization and globalization, the implement the same.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism and Place in Treasure Beach, Jamaica: Imagining Paradise and the Alternative. Michael J
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1999 Tourism and Place in Treasure Beach, Jamaica: Imagining Paradise and the Alternative. Michael J. Hawkins Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Hawkins, Michael J., "Tourism and Place in Treasure Beach, Jamaica: Imagining Paradise and the Alternative." (1999). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7044. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7044 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bteedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism in Southeast Asia
    and parnwell hitchcock, king Tourism is one of the major forces for economic, social and cultural change in the Southeast Asian region and, as a complex multidimensional phenomenon, has attracted increasing scholarly attention during the past TOURISM two decades from researchers from a broad range of disciplines – not least anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, history, development IN SOUTHEAST ASIA studies and business/management. It has also commanded the attention of challenges and new directions policy-makers, planners and development practitioners. However, what has been lacking for many years is a volume that analyses tourism from the major disciplinary perspectives, considers major substantive themes of particular significance in the region (cultural IN TOURISM tourism, ecotourism, romance/sex tourism, etc.), and pays attention to such important conceptual issues as the interaction between local and global, the role of the state in identity formation, authenticity, the creation of ‘tradition’, and sustainability. Such a thorough analysis is offered by Tourism in Southeast Asia, which provides an up-to-date exploration of the state of tourism development and associated issues in one of the world’s most dynamic tourism destinations. The volume takes a close look at many of the challenges facing Southeast Asian tourism at a critical stage of transition and transformation, and following a recent series of crises and disasters. Building on and advancing the path-breaking Tourism in South-East ASIA SOUTHEAST Asia, produced by the same editors in 1993, it adopts a multidisciplinary approach and includes contributions from some of the leading researchers on tourism in Southeast Asia, presenting a number of fresh perspectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Eco-Adventure and Cultural Tourism for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Picazo, Oscar F. Working Paper Green and Gold: Promoting Eco-Adventure and Cultural Tourism for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2015-33 Provided in Cooperation with: Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Philippines Suggested Citation: Picazo, Oscar F. (2015) : Green and Gold: Promoting Eco-Adventure and Cultural Tourism for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth, PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2015-33, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Makati City This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/127047 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas Green and Gold: Promoting Eco-Adventure and Cultural Tourism for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth Oscar F.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Tourism Development: a Theoretical Background
    World Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2377-4622 2017, Vol. 3, No. 1 Alternative Tourism Development: A Theoretical Background Eirini Triarchi (Corresponding author) Lecturer, Department of Accounting and Finance Technological Educational Institute of Epirus 48100 Psathaki Preveza, Greece Tel: 302-682-050-622 E-mail: [email protected] Kostas Karamanis Assοciate Professor, Department of Accounting and Finance Technological Educational Institute of Epirus 48100 Psathaki Preveza, Greece Tel: 302-682-050-555 E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 5, 2016 Accepted: May 4, 2017 Published: May 10, 2017 doi:10.5296/wjbm.v3i1.11198 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v3i1.11198 Abstract This paper presents the development of tourism market through the alternative forms of tourism. Origins and main definitions are presented followed by an analysis of the complexity of classifying the alternative forms of tourism. It is about developing new forms of sustainable tourism that integrate local populations and both natural and human environments of host countries. Ecotourism, cultural tourism and creative tourism support a different philosophy of tourism. Ecotourism in recent years encloses many tourism forms focused on natural environment. In the concept of alternative tourism, the dynamic growth of cultural tourism can be explained by the fast growth of demand for trips to various cultural attractions and amenities. Τhe increase of educated population around the world, the globalization and technology supported this growth. Cultural tourist, from consumer is transforming to producer of the cultural products and experiences. Since this type of tourist becomes more interactive and creative, cultural tourism needs to be repositioned and become more “creative” too.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism Geography
    Tourism Geography Tourism has become one of the most significant forces for change in the world today. Regarded by many as the world’s largest industry, tourism prompts regular mass migrations of people, exploitation of resources, processes of development and inevitable repercussions on places, economies, societies and environments. It is a phenomenon that increasingly demands attention. Tourism Geography reveals how geographic perspectives can inform and illuminate the study of tourism. The book explores the factors that have encouraged the development of both domestic and international forms of tourism, highlighting ways in which patterns of tourism have evolved and continue to evolve. The differing economic, environmental and socio- cultural impacts that tourism may exert upon destinations are examined, together with a consideration of ways in which planning for tourism can assist in the regulation of development and produce sustainable forms of tourism. Drawing on case studies from across the world, Tourism Geography offers a concise review of established geographies of tourism and shows how new patterns in the production and consumption of tourist places are fashioning the new tourism geographies of the twenty-first century. Stephen Williams is Principal Lecturer in Geography at Staffordshire University, UK. Routledge Contemporary Human Geography Series Series Editors: David Bell and Stephen Wyn Williams, Staffordshire University This series of 12 texts offers stimulating introductions to the core subdisciplines of human geography. Building between ‘traditional’ approaches to subdisciplinary studies and contemporary treatments of these same issues, these concise introductions respond particularly to the new demands of modular courses. Uniformly designed, with a focus on student- friendly features, these books will form a coherent series which is up to date and reliable.
    [Show full text]
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY in 2017 Project Had Two Main Goals; Identify/Grade the Potential of Touristic Destinations and Pilot Intervention Projects in Two Marzes of Armenia
    Reporting Agency: United Nations Development Programme Country: Republic of Armenia STANDARD PROGRESS REPORT No. and title: 00100450, Integrated Rural Tourism Development Reporting period: January-December 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2017 project had two main goals; identify/grade the potential of touristic destinations and pilot intervention projects in two marzes of Armenia. The following results were achieved: • A special methodology for grading the tourism potential of the destination was developed. • More than 900 villages were inventoried and an electronic database developed. • More than 40 villages were visited to assess and develop touristic projects • 8 tourism infrastructure (hiking trails, watch points, roads) developing projects were identified for assessment and implementation. • 3 PPP touristic value-added projects were identified to be implemented with the private sector (private sector co-funding totals to 60,000USD). A 40km hiking trail will be developed to cover 40 km and pass 5 villages. • An experimental project was identified to be implemented in Bjni. With the permission of the Ministry of Culture, a museum would be built in the house of the villager to create interest for the fortress visitors and attract to a small family operated café in the garden. • A special cooperation platforms for participatory planning and activities synchronization purposes were developed with the private sector and international organizations • 3 DMO models were developed in cooperation with the Center for Strategic Initiatives and submitted for the Government approval. • A research and development center was launched on the base of Yerevan State University branch of Ijevan (Tavush Marz). 10 interns were selected and started their activities within the UNDP’s framework of “Youth Career Trail”- paid internship.
    [Show full text]
  • Hasmik Amiryan SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND
    SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF ARMENIA Hasmik Amiryan i Hasmik Amiryan SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF ARMENIA Master In Innovative Tourism Development The Dissertation was performed under the guidance of Professor Goretti Silva May 2013 ii To my beloved parents, Hovik and Azniv, who supported me in each and every stage of my life And to my sisters, Arevik and Armieh, who were always there for me… Նվիրվում է իմ սիրելի ծնողներին՝ Հովիկին եւ Ազնիվին, որոնք միշտ աջակցել են ինձ կյանքիս յուրաքանչյուր փուլում, եւ իմ քույրերին ՝ Արեւիկին եւ Արմինեին, որոնք միշտ կողքիս են եղել ... iii The Jury Phd Olga Maria Pinto de Matos President Associate Professor and Coordinator of MTID of Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo Phd Carlos de Oliveira Fernandes (Examiner) Associate Professor of Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Vowels Castelo PhD Goretti Silva (Supervisor) Associate Professor of Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo iv Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this dissertation. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Goretti Silva for the continuous support of my research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped me in all the darkest times of my research. Besides my supervisor, I’d like to thank the rest of the academic staff of IPVC I had pleasure to work with during these two years with special references to Prof. Olga Matos who was always very demanding and supportive in any matter and Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotourism and the Middle East: Lessons in Development 1
    Ver Steeg: Ecotourism and the Middle East: Lessons in Development 1 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………….2 Ecotourism Overview & General Discussion………..……….……3 1. Actors………………………………………………………….…3 1.1 Local Communities…………………………………………..3 1.2 Authorities…………………………………………………....4 1.3 Tourists……………………………………………………….5 1.4 Private Tourism Industry……………………………………6 2. Aims…………………………………………………………...…7 3. Pitfalls……………………………………………………………7 3.1 Sociocultural Risks…………………………………………..7 3.2 Environmental Dangers…………………………………..….8 3.3 Economic Pitfalls……………………………………………..8 4. Potential……………………………………………………….....9 4.1 Sociocultural Promise……………………………………..…9 4.2 Environmental Capacity…………………………………….9 4.3 Economic Potential…………………………………………10 The Twin Case Studies: Jordan & Oman…………………...……10 1. Jordan………………………………………………………..…10 1.1 Challenges………………………………………………...…11 1.2 Successes………………………………………………..…...12 2. Oman……………………………………………………………14 2.1 Challenges………………………………………………..….14 2.2 Successes……………………………………………….……16 Conclusion & Recommendations……….…………………………17 Bibliography………………………………………………..………19 Published by Dartmouth Digital Commons, 2018 1 Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Politics, Economics and World Affairs, Vol. 1 [2018], Iss. 2, Art. 6 2 Introduction According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, a tenth of global jobs and GDP are rooted in the tourism industry (WTTC, 2018). Ecotourism specifically is one of the tourism industry’s fastest growing sectors and has seen growth rates as high as 10-30% (EBSCO, 2009). Though for some, tourism may conjure up pleasant thoughts about sipping margaritas in Cancun, millions of people interact with and indeed depend upon the sector for a livelihood. As a champion of these millions and their communities, as well as of the environment, education, and economies of millions more, ecotourism and its growing popularity stand ready to improve the future of the world at large. Ecotourism is a recent concept, the origins of its contemporary usage beginning in the 1970s (Singh, 2009).
    [Show full text]