Degeneration Theory
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Jewish Encyclopedia
Jewish Encyclopedia The History, Religion, Literature, And Customs Of The Jewish People From The Earliest Times To The Present Day Volume XII TALMUD – ZWEIFEL New York and London FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY MDCCCCVI ZIONISM: Movement looking toward the segregation of the Jewish people upon a national basis and in a particular home of its own: specifically, the modern form of the movement that seeks for the Jews “a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine,” as initiated by Theodor Herzl in 1896, and since then dominating Jewish history. It seems that the designation, to distinguish the movement from the activity of the Chovevei Zion, was first used by Matthias Acher (Birnbaum) in his paper “Selbstemancipation,” 1886 (see “Ost und West,” 1902, p. 576: Ahad ha – ‘Am, “Al Parashat Derakim,” p. 93, Berlin, 1903). Biblical Basis The idea of a return of the Jews to Palestine has its roots in many passages of Holy Writ. It is an integral part of the doctrine that deals with the Messianic time, as is seen in the constantly recurring expression, “shub shebut” or heshib shebut,” used both of Israel and of Judah (Jer. xxx, 7,1; Ezek. Xxxix. 24; Lam. Ii. 14; Hos. Vi. 11; Joel iv. 1 et al.). The Dispersion was deemed merely temporal: ‘The days come … that … I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof … and I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land” (Amos ix. -
American Jewish Yearbook
JEWISH STATISTICS 277 JEWISH STATISTICS The statistics of Jews in the world rest largely upon estimates. In Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and a few other countries, official figures are obtainable. In the main, however, the num- bers given are based upon estimates repeated and added to by one statistical authority after another. For the statistics given below various authorities have been consulted, among them the " Statesman's Year Book" for 1910, the English " Jewish Year Book " for 5670-71, " The Jewish Ency- clopedia," Jildische Statistik, and the Alliance Israelite Uni- verselle reports. THE UNITED STATES ESTIMATES As the census of the United States has, in accordance with the spirit of American institutions, taken no heed of the religious convictions of American citizens, whether native-born or natural- ized, all statements concerning the number of Jews living in this country are based upon estimates. The Jewish population was estimated— In 1818 by Mordecai M. Noah at 3,000 In 1824 by Solomon Etting at 6,000 In 1826 by Isaac C. Harby at 6,000 In 1840 by the American Almanac at 15,000 In 1848 by M. A. Berk at 50,000 In 1880 by Wm. B. Hackenburg at 230,257 In 1888 by Isaac Markens at 400,000 In 1897 by David Sulzberger at 937,800 In 1905 by "The Jewish Encyclopedia" at 1,508,435 In 1907 by " The American Jewish Year Book " at 1,777,185 In 1910 by " The American Je\rish Year Book" at 2,044,762 DISTRIBUTION The following table by States presents two sets of estimates. -
Evolution in Cultural Anthropology
UC Berkeley Anthropology Faculty Publications Title Evolution in Cultural Anthropology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pk146vg Journal American Anthropologist, 48(2) Author Lowie, Robert H. Publication Date 1946-06-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California EVOLUTION IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY: A REPLY TO LESLIE WHITE By ROBERT H. LOWIE LESLIE White's last three articles in the A merican A nthropologist1 require a reply since in my opinion they obscure vital issues. Grave matters, he clamors, are at stake. Obscurantists are plotting to defame Lewis H. Morgan and to undermine the theory of evolution. Professor White should relax. There are no underground machinations. Evolution as a scientific doctrine-not as a farrago of immature metaphysical notions-is secure. Morgan's place in the history of anthropology will turn out to be what he deserves, for, as Dr. Johnson said, no man is ever written down except by himself. These articles by White raise important questions. As a victim of his polemical shafts I should like to clarify the issues involved. I premise that I am peculiarly fitted to enter sympathetically into my critic's frame of mind, for at one time I was as devoted to Ernst Haeckel as White is to Morgan. Haeckel had solved the riddles of the universe for me. ESTIMATES OF MORGAN Considering the fate of many scientific men at the hands of their critics, it does not appear that Morgan has fared so badly. Americans bestowed on him the highest honors during his lifetime, eminent European scholars held him in esteem. -
Degeneration Theory in Naturalist Novels of Benito Pérez Galdós
Degeneration Theory in Naturalist Novels of Benito Pérez Galdós A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Michael Wenley Stannard IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Ofelia Ferrán, Advisor April 2011 © Michael Wenley Stannard 2011 i Acknowledgements I should like to record my sincere thanks to Ana Paula Fereira, the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and the University of Minnesota (Twin Cities) for having given me the opportunity to realize a dream of many years. My graduate career in Minnesota has been a life-changing experience, and I would not have missed it for anything. Financial support from the department to study at the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid, to study Portuguese at the Universidade de Lisboa in Lisbon and to contribute to a conference at Universidad Complutense in Madrid helped significantly in rounding out my graduate student experience, as well as enabling me to collect essential material for this dissertation. I should like to thank my adviser, Ofelia Ferrán, for her help and guidance and to record my additional debt to Toni Dorca and Jaime Hanneken, who listened generously and counseled. To Toni Dorca I owe my introduction to Galdós‘s Naturalist novels which has formed the background of this dissertation. I have seen myself fundamentally as a galdosista at heart ever since. I should like to thank J.B. Shank for allowing me to prevail upon him to direct me in a course of reading that proved invaluable preparation for the study of biological and medical thought in eighteenth and nineteenth century France. -
Machen, Lovecraft, and Evolutionary Theory
i DEADLY LIGHT: MACHEN, LOVECRAFT, AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Jessica George A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy School of English, Communication and Philosophy Cardiff University March 2014 ii Abstract This thesis explores the relationship between evolutionary theory and the weird tale in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through readings of works by two of the writers most closely associated with the form, Arthur Machen (1863-1947) and H. P. Lovecraft (1890-1937), it argues that the weird tale engages consciously, even obsessively, with evolutionary theory and with its implications for the nature and status of the “human”. The introduction first explores the designation “weird tale”, arguing that it is perhaps less useful as a genre classification than as a moment in the reception of an idea, one in which the possible necessity of recalibrating our concept of the real is raised. In the aftermath of evolutionary theory, such a moment gave rise to anxieties around the nature and future of the “human” that took their life from its distant past. It goes on to discuss some of the studies which have considered these anxieties in relation to the Victorian novel and the late-nineteenth-century Gothic, and to argue that a similar full-length study of the weird work of Machen and Lovecraft is overdue. The first chapter considers the figure of the pre-human survival in Machen’s tales of lost races and pre-Christian religions, arguing that the figure of the fairy as pre-Celtic survival served as a focal point both for the anxieties surrounding humanity’s animal origins and for an unacknowledged attraction to the primitive Other. -
1 Introduction the Empire at the End of Decadence the Social, Scientific
1 Introduction The Empire at the End of Decadence The social, scientific and industrial revolutions of the later nineteenth century brought with them a ferment of new artistic visions. An emphasis on scientific determinism and the depiction of reality led to the aesthetic movement known as Naturalism, which allowed the human condition to be presented in detached, objective terms, often with a minimum of moral judgment. This in turn was counterbalanced by more metaphorical modes of expression such as Symbolism, Decadence, and Aestheticism, which flourished in both literature and the visual arts, and tended to exalt subjective individual experience at the expense of straightforward depictions of nature and reality. Dismay at the fast pace of social and technological innovation led many adherents of these less realistic movements to reject faith in the new beginnings proclaimed by the voices of progress, and instead focus in an almost perverse way on the imagery of degeneration, artificiality, and ruin. By the 1890s, the provocative, anti-traditionalist attitudes of those writers and artists who had come to be called Decadents, combined with their often bizarre personal habits, had inspired the name for an age that was fascinated by the contemplation of both sumptuousness and demise: the fin de siècle. These artistic and social visions of degeneration and death derived from a variety of inspirations. The pessimistic philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), who had envisioned human existence as a miserable round of unsatisfied needs and desires that might only be alleviated by the contemplation of works of art or the annihilation of the self, contributed much to fin-de-siècle consciousness.1 Another significant influence may be found in the numerous writers and artists whose works served to link the themes and imagery of Romanticism 2 with those of Symbolism and the fin-de-siècle evocations of Decadence, such as William Blake, Edgar Allen Poe, Eugène Delacroix, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Charles Baudelaire, and Gustave Flaubert. -
Moreau's Materiality: Polymorphic Subjects, Degeneration, and Physicality Mary C
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 Moreau's Materiality: Polymorphic Subjects, Degeneration, and Physicality Mary C. Slavkin Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE AND DANCE MOREAU’S MATERIALITY: POLYMORPHIC SUBJECTS, DEGENERATION, AND PHYSICALITY By MARY C. SLAVKIN A Thesis submitted to the Department of Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2009 The Members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Mary Slavkin defended on March 30, 2009. ___________________________ Lauren Weingarden Professor Directing Thesis ___________________________ Richard Emmerson Committee Member ___________________________ Adam Jolles Committee Member Approved: _______________________________________________ Richard Emmerson, Chair, Department of Art History _______________________________________________ Sally McRorie, Dean, College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance The Graduate School has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii For David. Thanks for all the tea. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................v ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1: Introduction...............................................................................................1 -
Modernism and Fascism in Norway by Dean N. Krouk A
Catastrophes of Redemption: Modernism and Fascism in Norway By Dean N. Krouk A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Scandinavian in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mark Sandberg, Chair Professor Linda Rugg Professor Karin Sanders Professor Dorothy Hale Spring 2011 Abstract Catastrophes of Redemption: Modernism and Fascism in Norway by Dean N. Krouk Doctor of Philosophy in Scandinavian University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark Sandberg, Chair This study examines selections from the work of three modernist writers who also supported Norwegian fascism and the Nazi occupation of Norway: Knut Hamsun (1859- 1952), winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize; Rolf Jacobsen (1907-1994), Norway’s major modernist poet; and Åsmund Sveen (1910-1963), a fascinating but forgotten expressionist figure. In literary studies, the connection between fascism and modernism is often associated with writers such as Ezra Pound or Filippo Marinetti. I look to a new national context and some less familiar figures to think through this international issue. Employing critical models from both literary and historical scholarship in modernist and fascist studies, I examine the unique and troubling intersection of aesthetics and politics presented by each figure. After establishing a conceptual framework in the first chapter, “Unsettling Modernity,” I devote a separate chapter to each author. Analyzing both literary publications and lesser-known documents, I describe how Hamsun’s early modernist fiction carnivalizes literary realism and bourgeois liberalism; how Sveen’s mystical and queer erotic vitalism overlapped with aspects of fascist discourse; and how Jacobsen imagined fascism as way to overcome modernity’s culture of nihilism. -
Degeneration, Protestantism, and Social Democracy the Case of Alcoholism and “Illiberal” Policies and Practices in Denmark 1900–43 Sevelsted, Anders
Degeneration, Protestantism, and Social Democracy The Case of Alcoholism and “Illiberal” Policies and Practices in Denmark 1900–43 Sevelsted, Anders Document Version Accepted author manuscript Published in: Social Science History DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2018.35 Publication date: 2019 License CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Sevelsted, A. (2019). Degeneration, Protestantism, and Social Democracy: The Case of Alcoholism and “Illiberal” Policies and Practices in Denmark 1900–43. Social Science History, 43(1), 87-111. https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2018.35 Link to publication in CBS Research Portal General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us ([email protected]) providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Degeneration, Protestantism, and Social Democracy: The Case of Alcoholism and “Illiberal” Policies and Practices in Denmark 1900–43 Anders Sevelsted Journal article (Accepted manuscript*) Please cite this article as: Sevelsted, A. (2019). Degeneration, Protestantism, and Social Democracy: The Case of Alcoholism and “Illiberal” Policies and Practices in Denmark 1900–43. Social Science History, 43(1), 87-111. DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2018.35 This article has been published in a revised form in Social Science History http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2018.35 This version is published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND. -
Jewish State and Jewish Land Program Written in Jerusalem by Yonatan Glaser, UAHC Shaliach, 2003
December 2003 \ Kislev 5764 Jewish State and Jewish Land Program written in Jerusalem by Yonatan Glaser, UAHC Shaliach, 2003 Rationale We live in a time where taking an interest in Israel is not taken for granted and where supporting Israel, certainly in parts of our public life like on campus, may be done at a price. Even in the best of times, it is important to be conceptually clear why we Jews want our own country. What can and should it mean to us, how might it enrich and sustain us – those of us who live in it and those of us who do not? What might contributing to its well-being entail? If that is at the best of times, then this – one of the most difficult times in recent memory – is an excellent time to re- visit the basic ideas and issues connected to the existence of Israel as a Jewish state in the ancient Land of Israel. With this in mind, this program takes us on a ‘back to basics’ tour of Israel as a Jewish country in the Jewish Land. Objectives 1. To explore the idea of Jewish political independence. 2. To explore the meaning of Jewish historical connection to Eretz Yisrael 3. To learn about the Uganda Plan in order to recognize that issues connected to independence and living in Eretz Yisrael have been alive and relevant for at least the last 100 years. Time 1 hour and fifteen minutes Materials 1. Copies of the four options (Attachment #1) 2. White Board or poster Board. -
Antinomian Remedies: Rehabilitative Futurism, Towards a Better Life , and Kenneth Burke's Modernist Equipment for Living
Antinomian Remedies: Rehabilitative Futurism, Towards a Better Life , and Kenneth Burke's Modernist Equipment for Living Jesse Miller MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 65, Number 1, Spring 2019, pp. 35-59 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2019.0002 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/720553 Access provided at 1 Apr 2019 18:04 GMT from University at Buffalo Libraries Jesse Miller 35 Antinomian Remedies: Rehabilitative Futurism, f Towards a Better Life, and Kenneth Burke’s Modernist Equipment for Living Jesse Miller In her essay “Is Sex Disability? Queer Theory and the Disability Drive,” Anna Mollow discusses the modern cultural fantasy of a hygienic future in which all illness and disability have been eradi- cated. “Futurity,” she points out, “is habitually imagined in terms that fantasize the eradication of disability, a recovery of a crippled (or hobbled) economy, a cure for society’s ills, an end to suffering and disease” (288). She calls this fantasy—which is shaped by ide- ologies of health, ability, optimization, and fitness—“rehabilitative futurism.” Within the paradigm of rehabilitative futurism, the healthy subject is defined as an autonomous, productive, and rational deci- sion maker. By contrast, physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral disability figures as what troubles the domain of healthy citizenship, including dependency, unproductivity, and irrationality. Rehabilita- tive futurism thus ascribes a fundamental negativity to the disabled MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 65, number 1, Spring 2019. Copyright © 2019 for the Purdue Research Foundation by Johns Hopkins University Press. All rights to reproduction in any form reserved. -
Questioning German Expressionism: Nazi Reception and Contradiction in the Art of Käthe Kollwitz
Questioning German Expressionism: Nazi Reception and Contradiction in the Art of Käthe Kollwitz Madeline Ullrich Dr. Juliet Bellow Department of Art History General University Honors Spring 2014 My research is a study of Käthe Kollwitz's reception by the Nazi regime from 1933-1945 rather than one that focuses on her artistic production. Despite remaining a practicing artist up to her death in 1945, few art historians correlate her career with significant political events of the 1930s and 40s, such as the rise of the Third Reich. Relegated a “degenerate” artist by Hitler, Kollwitz’s art was initially included Degenerate Exhibition of 1937; however, her work was quickly removed from this derogatory spectacle. In fact, the Nazis even appropriated her work for their own propaganda. Hence, my project is defined by a single term: contradictions. The inconsistent treatment of “degenerate” artists reflects contradictions in a variety of realms: Nazi ideology, the artistic movement of German Expressionism as a whole, and gender. Exploring these contradictions not only reveals more about Kollwitz at the end of her career, but also speaks to her position as a German artist in contemporary art historical discourse. Ullrich 1 Berlin, 1941. Picture a small, poorly lit apartment, cluttered with items one would see in the studio of an artist: clay, drop cloths, modeling blocks, and the like. This is the home of the renowned German artist Käthe Kollwitz, which also became her studio in 1940. When Otto Nagel, a close friend and fellow artist of Kollwitz, came to visit her in this modest apartment the following year, he found the usually calm and reserved Kollwitz beside herself with rage.