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Analysis of the Goals Scored in the 2016 and 2017 CONMEBOL

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Analysis of the Goals Scored in the 2016 and 2017 CONMEBOL ORIGINAL ARTICLE Analysis of the goals scored in the 2016 and 2017 CONMEBOL Libertadores Cups Análise de gols marcados nas Copas Conmebol Libertadores 2016 e 2017 Análisis de los goles marcados en las Copas Conmebol Libertadores 2016 y 2017 Andrés González-Ramíreza* y Matías de Pabloa Keywords: ABSTRACT Soccer; This study aimed to describe regularities in soccer goal-ending sequences in the 2016 and 2017 Sequential analysis; CONMEBOL Libertadores Cups. Observational methodology was used. The sample comprised Notational analysis; 699 attack sequences that ended in goal from 250 games played in 2016 and 2017. Anad hoc Tactic. observational instrument was designed. Data analysis was performed in three complementary ways: sequential, graph theory, and polar coordinates. Two sequences were highlighted: Pass with the head-Shot-Goal and Rebound-Rebound-Shot-Goal. The foot pass action is the most common prior to a shot. In addition, dribbling and conducting were excitatory and inhibitory actions, respectively, to score a goal. In conclusion, the use of open game was relevant to score goals and different patterns were observed. Palavras-chave: RESUMO Futebol; O objetivo foi descrever regularidades nas sequências terminadas em gol nas Copas CONMEBOL Análise sequencial; Libertadores 2016 e 2017. Foi escolhida a metodologia observacional. A amostra compreendeu Análise de notação; 699 sequências de ataques terminadas em gol de 250 jogos disputados em 2016 e 2017. Tática. Elaborou-se um instrumento de observação ad hoc. A análise dos dados foi realizada de três maneiras complementares: análise sequencial; teoria dos grafos; e coordenadas polares. Duas sequências foram destacadas: Passe com a cabeça–Chute–Gol e Rebote-Rebote-Chute-Gol. A ação passe com o pé foi a mais comum antes de um tiro. Além disso, dribbling foi uma ação excitatória de marcar um gol e a condução o inibiu. Conclui-se que o uso do jogo aberto foi relevante para marcar gols e diferentes padrões foram observados. Palabras-clave: RESUMEN Fútbol; El objetivo fue describir regularidades en las secuencias terminadas en gol en las Copas Análisis secuencial; Libertadores de fútbol 2016 y 2017. Se utilizó la metodología observacional. La muestra Análisis notacional; comprendió 699 secuencias de ataque que terminaron en gol de 250 partidos jugados en 2016 Táctica. y 2017. Se diseñó un instrumento de observación ad hoc. El análisis de datos se realizó a través de tres maneras complementarias: análisis secuencial; teoría de grafos y coordenadas polares. Se destacaron dos secuencias: Pase con la cabeza-Remate-Gol y Rebote-Rebote-Remate-Gol. La acción Pase con el pie fue la más común antes de un tiro. Además, el regate fue una acción excitatoria de marcar un gol y la conducción lo inhibió. En conclusión, la utilización del juego abierto fue relevante para marcar goles y se observaron diferentes patrones. aUniversidad de la República, Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Montevideo, Uruguay. *Corresponding author: Andrés González-Ramírez E-mail: [email protected] Received 5 July 2020; accepted 9 April 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/rbce.43.e006520 Este é um artigo Open Access sob uma licença CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Analysis of the goals scored in Libertadores Cups INTRODUCTION Castelão et al., 2015; Robles & Castellano, 2012). At the same time, many studies have been carried out The analysis of soccer game sequences has been exclusively with World Cups, as those conducted by the object of study of a large number of investigations Armatas y Yiannakos (2010), Barreira et al. (2014b), (Barbosa et al., 2014; Barreira et al., 2014a; Castelão et al., Castellano & Hernández Mendo (2002), and Michailidis 2015; Castellano and Hernández Mendo, 2000; (2014). Also, some studies have been performed Machado et al., 2013). In this case, only the sequences exclusively with European national championships, such ending in goal have been considered (Castañer et al., as the Euro Cup 2012 (Amatria et al. 2019; Maneiro et al., 2016, 2017), as in the collective games such as soccer, 2020). Other researchers have studied European teams, the objective to reach victory is to score more goals such as Barcelona (Camerino et al., 2012), Manchester than the opponent. Considering their low occurrence, as United and Internazionale (Sarmento et al., 2014), Betis only 1% of offensive sequences end in goals (Lago et al., (Aguado-Méndez et al., 2020), Espanyol (Vivés, 2012; 2003; Tenga et al., 2010; Vivés, 2012), it seems relevant Vivés et al., 2018), Italian Serie A teams 2012-2013 to understanding how goals are scored, their frequency (Diana et al., 2017), and the Portuguese, Spanish, English and context. To sum up, a way to introduce a new and German leagues (Santos et al., 2016) discussion is to address the object of analysis from different approaches. Considering the relevance of technical-tactical inputs to the planning of training sessions (Abad et al., 2013), the Sequence is defined as the successive occurrence results of this research will provide professionals linked of conducts (Anguera et al., 2011). In soccer, these to South American soccer with relevant information. conducts include technical-tactical actions performed before a goal: passes, shots, conducting, dribbling, and From the sequence of actions and the field rebounds. Passes and shots with right foot were the zones where they occur, this investigation aimed to most used actions to reach and conclude the finalization describe regularities in soccer goal-ending sequences phase, followed by individual actions such as conducting in the 2016 and 2017 CONMEBOL Libertadores Cups. and dribbling (Armatas & Yiannakos, 2010; Barreira et al., It was hypothesized that there are different patterns of 2014a; Michailidis, 2014, Santos et al., 2016; Vivés, 2012). goal-ending sequence actions in this competition. Scoring a goal through a combination of actions, such as passes, is a present tendency, as opposed to the use MATERIALS AND METHODS of individual actions in the recent past (Barreira et al., Observational methodology guidelines were 2014a ; Camerino et al., 2012). However, according to followed. The observational design was ideographic, Aguado-Méndez et al. (2020), Barreira et al. (2014b), punctual, and multidimensional (Anguera and Hernández and Castellano & Hernández Mendo (2000), the types of Mendo, 2013). recovery and the short offensive combinations have been the most effective sequences to defeat the opponent’s SAMPLE defense and score a goal. The study sample comprised 699 attack sequences Moreover, the paths to reach the goal are another that ended in goal in 250 men´s soccer games of a total important element, represented by the areas of the of 264 games played in the 2016 and 2017 CONMEBOL field where the technical-tactical actions occur. The field Libertadores Cups. Fourteen games were not analyzed zones are one of the performance indicators in soccer because it was impossible to access their video recordings (Maneiro et al., 2020). The patterns used in the soccer or observe the sequence actions. field zones vary, for example, according to the team and its tactical intention (Sarmento et al., 2014). According OBSERVATIONAL INSTRUMENT to Amatria et al. (2019) and de Andrade et al. (2015), the central and left lanes are the most used zones to score An ad hoc observational instrument (Table 1) was a goal or reach the sequence finalization; this tendency designed taking as a reference the Soccer Observational was observed in away teams in the Italian Serie A as System of Zones and Actions (ZASOF) (Vivés, 2012). This well. According to some research, the right and left lanes instrument is a combination of a field format and category are the paths to reach the goal or end the offensive systems. The category systems are nested within the sequences, as well as the recoveries in the defensive zone field format and meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and central lane (Barreira et al., 2014b; Vivés et al., 2018). mutual exclusiveness (Anguera and Hernández Mendo, Also, the Italian Serie A home teams use the lateral lanes 2013). It is composed of five criteria and 44 categories. to carry out the offensive sequences (Diana et al., 2017). Validation of this instrument was performed through the Whereas few studies carried out in the South authority criterion (De Pablo et al., 2019). American context analyze the actions occurring in The starting actions refer to possession of the ball at soccer games (De Pablo et al., 2019; de Andrade et al., the beginning of the sequence analysis. Thus, “continuity” 2015), many studies addressing this aspect have been supposes that the studied team were playing the ball performed with European national championships and previously. However, “recovery” was considered when World Cups (Barreira et al., 2014a; Casal et al. 2015; the team were defending and executed a steal of the ball. Rev Bras Ciênc Esporte. 2021; 43: e006520 2 Analysis of the goals scored in Libertadores Cups Table 1. Observational instrument. Criteria Categories Result Ties (TIES); Winning by difference of 1 (WIN1); Winning by difference of 2 or more (WIN2); Losing by difference of 1 (LOS1); Loosing by difference of 2 or more (LOS2). Staring actions Throwing in (THRO); Foul kick (FKIC); Corner kick (CKIC); Recovery (RECV); Continuity (CNTN); Penalty (PNTY). Field zone Field zones where the analyzed actions are carried out: Goal (GOL), left corner (ZCA), left goal area (ZCB), right goal area (ZCC), right corner (ZCD), left third offensive quarter (ZCE), left penalty area (ZCF), right penalty area (ZCG), right third offensive quarter (ZCH), second offensive quarter from left to right (ZCI, ZCJ, ZCK, ZCL), first offensive quarter from left to right (ZCM, ZCN, ZCO, ZCP), last defensive quarter (ZCQ, ZCR, ZCS, ZCT), first, second and third defensive quarter (ZCU), and penalty point (PENAL). Progress and ending Pass with the foot (PASS); Pass with head and other parts of the body (PWH); Conducting (COND); actions Dribbling (DRB); Rebound (RBD); Shot with the foot (SHF); Shot with head and other parts of the body (SHH); Goal (GOL).
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