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Diversity and Mollusca Distribution Patterns (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) in the North of Poncan Gadang Island, Sibolga City North Sumatera Province

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Diversity and Mollusca Distribution Patterns (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) in the North of Poncan Gadang Island, Sibolga City North Sumatera Province Journal of Coastal and Ocean Sciences e-issn : 1234-5678 Volume 1 No. 1, September 2020: 16-24 p-issn: 2745-4355 Diversity and Mollusca Distribution Patterns (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) In the North of Poncan Gadang Island, Sibolga City North Sumatera Province Royan Saputra1*, Zulkifli2, Syafruddin Nasution2 1Student of The Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 2Lecturer at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru Corresponding Author: [email protected] Diterima/Received: 18 Juni 2020; Disetujui/Accepted: 10 Agustus 2020 ABSTRACT This research was conducted in July-August 2019 in the northern part of the Poncan Gadang Island Sibolga, North Sumatra Province. This study discusses the distribution and distribution patterns of molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) which contain species, density, and species discussed in the northern part of Poncan Gadang Island, North Sumatra Province. The method used is a survey method, where the research location is divided into 5 observation stations and each station consists of 1 transect and each transect consists of 4 maps. The results showed that the type of gastropods found in the study site consisted of 11 species belonging to 6 families. Gastropod species that are commonly found are Littorina littorea. While the type of bivalves that were found at the study site consisted of 9 species belonging to 6 families, and the bivalves species that were found were Anadara granosa. Highest density at station III in the river mouth. Various index (H ') of gastropods and bivalves in all research stations are included in the medium category. Distribution Patterns both gastropods and bivalves are distributed in groups. The index value of approved gastropod and bivalve types (Ss) can be requested types which are found to be quite the same. The substrate at the study site was approved by the sand substrate. The density of both gastropods and bivalves were not significantly different between stations. Keywords: Mollusca, Diversity, Distribution Pattern, Poncan Gadang, Sumatera 1. PENDAHULUAN dalam fungsi ekologis pada ekosistem. Selain Moluska merupakan hewan invertebrata berperan di dalam siklus rantai makanan, ada terbesar kedua, yang sebagian besar anggotanya juga jenis moluska yang mempunyai nilai hidup di wilayah perairan. Hewan yang tidak ekonomi penting, seperti berbagai jenis kerang- memiliki ruas, tubuh yang triboblastik, simetri kerangan dan berbagai jenis keong bilateral dan umumnya memiliki mantel yang (Cappenberg et al., 2006). dapat menghasilkan kalsium karbonat Pulau Poncan Gadang adalah salah satu (Rusyana, 2011). Dua kelas dari filum moluska pulau yang berada di Kabupaten Tapanuli adalah gastropoda dan bivalvia. Gastropoda Tengah, Kota Sibolga, Provinsi Sumatera merupakan hewan yang berjalan dengan perut. Utara. Kondisi substrat di Pulau Poncan Bivalvia merupakan hewan bertubuh lunak Gadang sendiri pada umumnya adalah berpasir. yang dilindungi oleh mantel, mempunyai Berdasarkan hasil penelitian (Emelda, 2017) cangkang setangkup (Nurdin et al., 2008). bahwa kondisi perairan Pulau Poncan Gadang Moluska dapat ditemukan mulai dari daerah masih mendukung untuk kehidupan organisme. laut, payau, tawar sampai darat. Kebanyakan di Penelitian sebelumnya oleh Emelda (2017) antara mereka hidup di laut dengan pola hidup hanya meneliti tingkat kepadatan yang beragam, termasuk pencari makan di gastropodanya saja dengan menggunakan dasar perairan (bottom feeder). Di laut metode tiga zona (Upper, Middle, Lower) untuk umumnya dijumpai di zona litoral sampai dasar tiap stasiun. Oleh sebab itu menyebabkan laut dalam, bahkan ada yang hidup pelagis di penulis tertarik melakukan penelitian untuk permukaan laut. lebih mengetahui keanekaragaman dan pola Moluska mempunyai peranan penting distribusi yang meliputi: jenis, kepadatan serta kesamaan jenis moluska (gastropoda dan 16 jocos.ejournal.unri.ac.id Diversity and Mollusca Distribution Patterns (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) bivalvia) di Bagian Utara Pulau Poncan Gadang 2. METODE PENELITIAN tersebut dengan penambahan satu zona yaitu, Waktu dan Tempat zona subtidal dangkal. Penelitian ini diharapkan Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan dapat memberikan informasi lebih lengkap Juli-Agustus 2019 di bagian Utara Pulau tentang mengenai keanekaragaman dan pola Poncan Gadang Sibolga Provinsi Sumatera distribusi moluska (gastropoda dan bivalvia) di Utara (Gambar 1). Metode yang digunakan bagian utara Pulau Poncan Gadang Sibolga dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Gambar 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian Penentuan Lokasi Sampling Lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi lima ∑ stasiun pengamatan. Penetapan titik sampling dengan cara menarik garis tegak lurus dari Keterangan : batas garis pasang tertinggi ke arah garis surut H’ = Indeks keanekaragaman jenis terendah sampai subtidal dangkal sepanjang 50 S = Banyaknya jenis m dan jarak antara satu stasiun dengan titik Pi = Proporsi individu dari jenis stasiun lainnya ±1 km. Pada setiap stasiun ke-i terhadap jumlah individu terdapat 1 transek dan setiap transek terdapat 4 dari semuajenis (pi=ni/N) petakan kuadrat berukuran 1m x 1m (1m2). Ni = Banyaknya individu/jenis N = Total individu semua jenis Kepadatan Moluska Log 2 pi = 3,321928 log pi Kepadatan moluska dihitung Pola Distribusi menggunakan analisis (Brower et al. dalam Ikhlas et al., 2013) dengan rumus: Sementara Indeks Pola Distribusi dihitung dengan rumus Indeks Morisita (Krebs dalam Kamalia, 2014) sebagai berikut: Keterangan: ∑ D = Kepadatan Gastropoda/Bivalvia (Individu/m²) Keterangan: Ni = Jumlah Individu spesies Id = indeks Dispersi Morisita Gastropoda/Bivalvia n = jumlah total unit sampling A = Luas total (m2) N = jumlah total individu yang terdapat dalam n plot Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis (H’) Σx² = kuadrat jumlah individu per plot Menghitung indeks keanekaragaman jenis moluska (Shannon and Winner dalam Indeks Kesamaan Jenis (Ss) Rosanti, 2015) sebagai berikut: Selanjutnya Indeks Kesamaan dihitung 17 Saputra et al. Journal of Coastal and Ocean Sciences Vol. 1(1): 16-24 berdasarkan rumus dari indeks Sorensen dalam 3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Odum (1993), yaitu: Keadaan Umum Lokasi Penelitian Pulau Poncan Gadang merupakan salah satu pulau yang ada di Kota Sibolga Provinsi Keterangan : Sumatera Utara. Dengan Letak geografis pada a = Banyaknya spesies yang terdapat posisi 01042'38" LU dan 98045'52" BT. baik di contoh A maupun contoh B Disebelah barat berbatasan langsung dengan b = Banyaknya spesies yang terdapat Samudera Hindia sedangkan pada utara, selatan dalam contoh B tetapi tidak terdapat dan timur mempunyai pantai yang landai. Pulau dalam contoh A Poncan Gadang didominasi oleh substrat c = Banyaknya spesies yang terdapat berpasir dengan warna putih kekuning- dalam contoh A tetapi tidak terdapat kuningan. Tipe substrat tersebut tersebar dalam contoh B sepanjang bagian timur, barat, selatan dan utara Pulau Poncan Gadang. Tipe Sedimen Prosedur analisis tipe sedimen untuk tipe Jenis Moluska yang Ditemukan pasir dan kerikil digunakan metode Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan di pengayakan, untuk tipe lumpur dianalisis bagian Utara Pulau Poncan Gadang Provinsi dengan metode pipet yang merujuk pada Sumatera Utara jenis gastropoda yang (Rifardi, 2008). Pengukuran parameter ditemukan adalah 11 jenis dan Jenis bivalvia lingkungan terdiri dari pengukuran suhu, pH, yang ditemukan adalah 9 jenis dapat dilihat salinitas, dan kecerahan. pada Tabel 1. Tabel 1. Jenis Gastropoda dan Bivalvia yang Ditemukan di Utara Pulau Poncan Gadang Kelas Ordo Family Spesies Ergalatax constracta Ergalatax margariticola Murex tribulus Neogastropoda Muricidae Ocinebrina ingloria Morula granulata Gastropoda Modulus tectum Mesogastropoda Naticidae Eunaticina papilla Archaeogastropoda Neritidae Nerita costata Vetigastropoda Trochidae Gibbula ardens Litoraria undolata Hypsogastropoda Littorinidae Littorina littorea Tapes decussata Veneridae Periglypta listeri Veneroida Venerupis philippinarum Mesodesmatidae Atactodea striata Bivalvia Ostreoida Ostreoidae Saccostrea cucullata Anadara granosa Arcoida Arcidae Anadara inflate Mytiloida Mytilidae Mytilus edulis Eulamellibranchiata Unionidae Pilsbryoconcha exilis Tabel 1 dapat dilihat bahwa jenis penelitian Emelda (2017) tentang gastropoda di moluska (gastropoda dan bivalvia) yang lokasi penelitian yang sama yakni di Pulau ditemukan di Bagian Utara Pulau Poncan Poncan Gadang hanya menemukan 9 spesies Gadang masih tergolong tinggi. Untuk Jenis dan Family dari Muricidae dan Littorinidae gastropoda bila dibandingkan dengan hasil dari hanya menemukan masing-masing 1 spesies, Saputra et al. 18 Diversity and Mollusca Distribution Patterns (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) sementara pada penelitian ini lebih banyak Parameter Kualitas Perairan ditemukan bila dibandigkan dengan penelitian Pengukuran parameter kualitas perairan sebelumnya. Dimana dari family Muricidae pada penelitian ini meliputi suhu, pH, salinitas, ditemukan sebanyak 6 spesies dan 2 spesies kecerahan, dan kecepatan arus. Pengukuran untuk family Littorinidae. dilakukan pada masing-masing stasiun. Hasil pegukuran kualitas perairan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2 Tabel 2. Hasil Pengukuran Kualitas Perairan di Utara Pulau Poncan Gadang Stasiun Parameter Kualitas Air Rata-rata I II III IV V Salinitas (ppt) 30 30 30 30 30 30 Suhu (0C) 29 28 30 29 31 29,40 Derajat Keasaman (pH) 7,80 7,60 7,90 8 8 7,86 Kecerahan (cm) 130 125 140 250 260 181 Tabel 2 dapat dilihat Hasil dari Tipe Sedimen parameter kualitas perairan memperlihatkan Berdasarkan perhitungan yang
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