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On a Collection of Some Mollusca from Cauvery Estuary, Tamil Nadu 131 ISSN 0375-1511

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On a Collection of Some Mollusca from Cauvery Estuary, Tamil Nadu 131 ISSN 0375-1511 GURUMAYUM and KOSYGIN : On a collection of some mollusca from Cauvery estuary, Tamil Nadu 131 ISSN 0375-1511 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 115(Part-2) : 131-140, 2015 ON A COLLECTION OF SOME MOLLUSCA FROM CAUVERY ESTUARY, TAMIL NADU SD GURUMAYUM* AND L KOSYGIN** Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India Hilltop, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha 761002 Email : [email protected] INTRODUCTION Gastropods and Bivalves constitute 98% of the total population of mollusca and they inhabit land, The Cauvery river is India’s fourth largest river, draining about 89,600 sq. km (Jayaram et al., freshwater and marine environment and play a 1982). The river originates at Talakaveri, Kodagu crucial role in maintaining the integrity of various district of Karnataka and flows generally south ecosystems. Certain species of mollusca are of east and finally emptying into the Bay of Bengal. direct or indirect commercial and even medical Since historical times the river water is extensively importance to humans. They have been, important utilized for agriculture, fisheries, irrigation and to humans throughout history as a source of food, navigation purposes. In recent years they have jewelry, tools, decorations, currency, musical been further subjected to many multi-purpose instruments and they inhabit land, freshwater and hydro-electric and other projects. As a result, a marine environments and play a and more. Hornell number of old and new barrages, weirs, anicuts or (1921) listed the common mollusks of south India dams, have been constructed across the river. It is and consequently numerous works on both marine considered as the lifeline of the ancient kingdoms and non marine mollusca have been done in and modern cities of South India. The Cauvery Tamil Nadu by various workers (Radha Krishna, estuary, located along the east coast of India, is and Janakiram, 1975; Jayaram et al., 1982; a part of the Cauvery river basin (Ramanathan Mookherjee, 1985; Benjamin et al., 2009 etc.). et al., 1988). The river bifurcates into two large However there is lack of information regarding branches, the Kollidam (Coleroon) and Cauvery its biosystematics and taxonomy distribution. Till at Grand Anicut (a dam near Trichirapalli). now, no studies have been taken up so far in these aspects. Hence, the present study taken up to fill Mollusca is one of the most diverse groups some lacunae by giving some needed information of animals on the planet, with at least 50,000 regarding molluscan fauna of the estuary. living species and also second only to Arthropoda in numerical abundance (Wikipedia: January, MATERIALS AND METHODS 2014). A part of almost every ecosystem in the The studied materials were collected from world, molluscs is extremely important members Cauvery estuary during the survey under the of many ecological communities. They have project on “Ichthyofauna of Cauvery Estuary, colonized and adapted all possible habitats Tamil Nadu and India w.s.r. to their Ecology, from deep sea to high mountains.They are more Diversity, and distribution pattern” during 2008- abundant in the littoral zones of tropical seas. 2010. Morphology and taxonomy of 129 examples 132 Rec. zool. Surv. India from the NZC of the centre were studied bio- Family BUCCINIDAE systematically using relevant literatures and Genus Babylonia Schumacher, 1817 registered. The classification followed is that of 11. Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus) Vaught (1989). Family MELONGIENIDAE SYSTEMATIC LIST OF GASTROPODA Genus Pugilina Schumacher, 1817 Phylum MOLLUSCA 12. Pugilina (Hemifusus) cochlidium (Linnaeus) Sub Class PROSOBRANCHIA Family MARGINELLIDAE Class GASTROPODA Genus Marginella Lamarck, 1799 Order MESOGASTROPODA 13. Marginella angustata (Sowerby, 1846) Super Family CERITHOIDEA SYSTEMATIC LIST OF BIVALVIA Family POTAMIDIDAE Order ARCOIDA Genus Telescopium Montfort 1810 Super Family ARCOIDEA 1. Telescopium telescopium (Linn., 1758) Family ARCIDAE Family THIARIDAE Genus Anadara Gray, 1847 Genus Tenomelania O. Fisher, 1885 1. Anadara (Scapharca) inaequivalvis (Bruguiere, 1792) 2. Stenomelania torulosa (Bruguiere) 2. Anadara (Scapharca) deyrollei (Joussaeume, Family TURRITELLIDAE 1883) Genus Turritella Lamarck, 1799 Order OSTREOIDA 3. Turritella attenuata (Reeve, 1849) Super Family OSTREOIDEA 4. Turrietella duplicata (Linn., 1758) Family OSTREIDAE Super Family TONNOIDEA Genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 Family TONNIDAE 3. Crassostrea cutackensis (Newton and Smith, 1912) Genus Tonna Bruennich, 1722 Genus Saccostrea Dollfus and 5. Tonna dolium (Linn., 1758) Dautenberg, 1920 Family FICIDAE 4. Saccostrea cucullata (Born) Genus Ficus Roeding, 1798 Super Family PECTINOIDEA 6. Ficus variegata Roeding Family PECTINIDAE 7. Ficus gracilis (Sowerby) Genus Chlamys Roeding, 1798 Order NEOGASTROPODA 5. Chlam (Argopecten) tranquebaria (Gmelin, 1791) Super Family MURICOIDEA ORDER VENEROIDA Family MURICIDAE Super Family CARDIOIDEA Genus Murex Linnaeus, 1758 Family CARDIIDAE 8. Murex tribulus Linnaeus Genus Acanthocardia J.E. Gray, 1851 9. Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume) 6. Acanthocardia coronata (Schroeter, 1788) Genus Rapana Schumacher, 1817 Genus Trachycardium Moerch, 1853 10. Rapana rapiformes (Born) 7. Trachycardium asiaticum (Bruguiere) GURUMAYUM and KOSYGIN : On a collection of some mollusca from Cauvery estuary, Tamil Nadu 133 Super Family MACTROIDEA 2003. Telescopium telescopium: Subba Rao, Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 192: 136. Pl. 22, Fig. 3. Family MACTRIDAE Material examined: 1 Genus Mactra Linnaeus, 1758 8. Mactra (Mactrinula) laevis Chemnitz Measurement: Length: 2.4 cm Breadth: 1.0 cm. Super Family TELLINOIDEA Diagnosis: Shell very large, strongly conical and elevated, heavy and thick, about 14-16 whorls, Family DONACIDAE sutures not distinct. Aperture small and rounded, Genus Linnaeus, 1758 Donax columella solid, strongly twisted and channeled, 9. Donax (Hecuba) scortum (Lin) outer lip thickened, extended anteriorly as a flare 10. Donax (Latona) cuneatus Lin over siphonal canal. Super Family VENEROIDEA Distribution: Andhra Pradesh, Andaman and Family VENEROIDAE Nicobar Islands; Gujarat, Kerala; Puducherry, Genus Sunetta Link, 1807 Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. 11. Sunetta meroe (Lin) Family THIARIDAE 12. Sunetta scripta (Lin) Genus Stenomelania O. Fisher, 1885 Genus Meretrix Lamarck, 1799 2. Stenomelania torulosa (Bruguiere) 13. Meretrix casta (Gmelin) 1789. Bulimus torulosa Bruguiere. Linnaeus, Encycl. Meth. Vers., 1: 332. Genus Marcia H. & A. Adams, 1857 1989. Stenomelania (Stenomelania). Subba Rao, Handbook 14. Marcia pinguis (Schroeter) of Freshwater Molluscs of India, p. 100, Fig. 202. Genus Lioconcha (Lioconcha) Mörch, 1853 Material examined: 5 15. Lioconcha sp. Measurement: Length: 2.0-7.4 cm Breadth: SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT 0.8-1.8 cm. A Classified list of 28 mollusca species, Diagnosis: Shell thick, elongate and turreted, arranged systematically along with Systematic number of whorls 12-14, with strong spiral accounts is given in this report. The measurement sculpture broken up by transverse lines into (in cm), diagnosis, number of examples collected, rectangular nodules, aperture pyriform, pointed distribution of the species, along with remarks on above and rounded below, columellar side each species is given. All the species reported is somewhat twisted and curved to the right, outer available in the National Zoological Collection lip crenulated. of Estuarine biology Regional Station, ZSI, Gopalpur-on-Sea. Distribution: Andaman, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Phylum MOLLUSCA Family TURRITELLIDAE Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA Genus Turritella Lamarck, 1799 Class GASTROPODA 3. Turritella duplicata (Linnaeus) Order MESOGASTROPODA 1750. Turbo duplicata Linnaeus. Syst. Nat., ed. 12: 1239. Super Family CERITHIOIDEA 2000. Turritella duplicata, Subba Rao and Dey, Rec. zool. Family POTAMIDIDAE Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 187: 53. Genus Telescopium Montfort 1810 Material examined: 8 1. Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus) Measurement: Length: 6.2-7.8 cm Breadth: 1750. Trochus telescopium Linnaeus. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 760. 1.5-2.0 cm. 134 Rec. zool. Surv. India Diagnosis: Shell large, elongated with 18-20 and occasionally intermediate threads on the whorls, earlier whorls convex with many fine penultimate whorl. Ornamented with quadrate or spiral ridges, the central ridge become elevated rectangular reddish brown spot upon the spiral into a strong keel in the subsequent 6-7 whorls cords. and spiral ridges become obsolete. The whorls at Distribution: Andhra Pradesh, Andaman and both end rounded and those in the middle sharply Nicobar Islands, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil angulated. Nadu, West Bengal. Distribution: Andhra Pradesh, Andaman Family FICIDAE Islands, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Genus Ficus Roeding, 1798 Tamil Nadu. 6. Ficus variegata (Roiding) 4. Turritella attenuata Reeve 1798. Ficus variegata Roiding. Mus. Bolten, p.148, sp. No. 1849. Turritella attenuata Reeve, Conch. Icon, 5: Turritella 1852. sp. No. 4. Pl.1, fig. 4. 2003. Ficus gracilis: Subba Rao, Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 192: 200 Pl. 42, Figs. 5-8. 2003. Turritella attenuata Subba Rao, Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 192: 1. Pl. 22, Fig. 140, pl. 23, fig. 1. Material examined: 3 Material examined: 4 Measurement: Length: 3.1-7.0 cm Breadth: Measurement: Length: 10.0-10.1 cm Breadth: 2.0-4.3 cm. 1.8-2.3 cm. Diagnosis: Shell is large and more globes, bulbous at the shoulder, having low and depressed Diagnosis: Shell elongated, large and attenuate spire; aperture wide and long, columella concave,
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