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The Albian-Cenomanian Boundary in Northern California

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The Albian-Cenomanian Boundary in Northern California The Albian-Cenomanian boundary in northern California Michael A. Murphy University of California, Davis, California 95616 Peter U. Rodda California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118 ABSTRACT curred during the Albian–Cenomanian for .30 yr (Popenoe et al., 1960), and the transition and reflect rapid uplift and ero- area is famous for its ammonites. There is no internationally agreed-upon sion of a sedimentary, volcanic, and plu- The purpose of this paper is to review the stratotype for the Albian-Cenomanian tonic terrane to the north and east and, question of the definition of the Albian-Ce- (Lower Cretaceous–Upper Cretaceous) perhaps, accompanied by rapid sea-level nomanian boundary and proposed bound- boundary. Type sections in France for the changes. ary stratotypes, to describe the equivalent Albian and Cenomanian Stages are inade- Collation of the ammonite biostratigra- interval in the Cottonwood district, Califor- quate for this purpose. The proposed phy herein with previously established fo- nia, to collate the ammonite, foraminiferal, boundary stratotype sections in North Af- raminiferal and radiolarian biostratigra- and radiolarian biostratigraphies, and to dis- rica and Texas that were discussed in phies for the Dry Creek sequence suggests cuss the implications and potential of the Copenhagen at the 1983 Third Interna- that it is a prime Pacific-rim reference sec- California sequence to contribute to the un- tional Symposium on the Cretaceous Sys- tion for faunas in the Albian-Cenomanian derstanding of this boundary on a global tem (Birkelund et al., 1984) are inade- boundary interval and that previous corre- scale. quately documented, facies restricted, or lation of the uppermost Chickabally Mem- both. The widespread occurrence of the am- ber with the Cenomanian is incorrect, as REVIEW OF THE ALBIAN- monites Stoliczkaia and Mortoniceras in the Albian and Cenomanian stages are cur- CENOMANIAN BOUNDARY upper Albian and of Mantelliceras in the Ce- rently understood.1 This affects correlation nomanian classically bracket the boundary and changes the dating of some units in Cal- A review of the Albian-Cenomanian and must be used until the boundary is for- ifornia in the Franciscan Complex from Ce- boundary literature on a global scale leads mally defined. Recent work in North Africa nomanian to Albian. us to conclude that there is no ideal section (Robaszynski et al., 1993) promises an for an ammonite-based, boundary strato- Albian-Cenomanian boundary definition INTRODUCTION type because few places retain a record of based on lineages within these taxa. the Albian-Cenomanian boundary interval The ammonite-based Albian-Cenomani- The Cottonwood district in northern Cal- in superposition that is complete (in the an boundary in northern California is be- ifornia exposes a thick sequence of fossilif- sense of Sadler, 1981). Nevertheless, the tween the last occurrence of the typically Al- erous marine sedimentary rocks ranging in widespread occurrences of Stoliczkaia and bian genera Mortoniceras and Stoliczkaia age from Early Cretaceous–Late Creta- Mortoniceras in the upper Albian and of and the entry of mantelliceratine juveniles ceous (?Hauterivian–Late Turonian) (Mur- Mantelliceras in the lower Cenomanian clas- (probably Graysonites) associated with Ma- phy et al., 1964; Murphy et al., 1969). These sically bracket the boundary and the selec- riella. Pseudouhligella japonicum, heretofore strata and fossils have been the object of tion of a criterion within this interval would regarded as a Cenomanian indicator in Ja- study for more than a century, and the area be appropriate. Such a criterion for defining pan, Alaska, and California, occurs in Cal- has long been recognized as having the most the exact boundary, however, has been elu- ifornia in upper Albian and lower Cenoman- continuous and richly fossiliferous sequence sive, and the GSSP (global stratotype sec- ian faunas. of Lower Cretaceous strata in western tion and point) has yet to be chosen for the The boundary sequence in California is North America (Murphy, 1956; Matsumoto, base of the Cenomanian.2 This lack of def- best exposed along Dry Creek in northern 1960; Dailey, 1973; Pessagno, 1977). This se- inition results partly from taxonomic rea- Tehama County, where an angular relation- quence has served as the standard of refer- sons, but also from variations in preserva- ship within the Budden Canyon Formation, ence for the Pacific Coast of North America tion and biofacies and from provincial resulting from channel cutting on deep-sea differences (Kennedy, 1984, p. 149; Young, fans, separates upper Albian ammonite- 1986); however, the primary reason has bearing rocks of the Chickabally Member been our inability to discover a section that 1 from Lower Cenomanian ammonite-bear- A recommendation for establishing the stra- shows the position of an evolutionary event totype of the Albian-Cenomanian boundary at the ing rocks of the Bald Hills Member. Al- Mont Risou section in the Vocontienne region of of widespread application within the tradi- though angular relationships and coarse- France was made to the Subcommission on Cre- tional boundary interval. grained strata of the lower Bald Hills taceous Stratigraphy by the Cenomanian Working The traditional approach has been to Member are present in the boundary inter- Group (Tro¨ger, 1995, p. 148). This recommenda- search for a criterion among the ammonites, val, no known ammonite zone is missing. tion has yet to be ratified by the SCSA, the In- ternational Commission on Stratigraphy, or the These relationships are interpreted to mean International Union of Geological Sciences, that relatively continuous sedimentation oc- which is necessary before it is formally accepted. 2See footnote 1. GSA Bulletin; February 1996; v. 108; no. 2; p. 235–250; 7 figures; 2 tables. 235 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/108/2/235/3382462/i0016-7606-108-2-235.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 MURPHY AND RODDA but the vagaries of distribution and preser- izations of faunas rather than on definitions The difficulty in finding a suitable strato- vation of ammonite taxa have frustrated the of their boundaries (Magniez-Jannin and type for the Albian-Cenomanian boundary selection of an ammonite-based boundary Rat, 1980; Juignet, 1980). The current ap- is that the beds in the Albian–Cenomanian that is widely applicable in the interval be- proach for setting chronostratigraphic transition yield more or less provincial or tween the last Mortoniceras/Stoliczkaia and boundaries (McLaren, 1977; Murphy, 1977, facies-restricted faunas that are difficult to the first Mantelliceras. Changes in the plank- p. 214; 1994, p. 267; Salvador, 1994) stresses correlate. Moreover, peculiarities of preser- tonic microfossils do not occur close enough the definition of lower boundaries based on vation in different areas inhibit proper iden- to the change in the ammonite faunas to recognition of biologic events in the stratal tification. In Sarthe and in Britain, the low- preserve the traditional meanings of the record and has made most type areas un- est fauna agreed to be Cenomanian is stages (Robaszynski and Ame´dro 1986). For suitable as boundary stratotypes, because characterized as the Neostlingoceras carci- this reason no one, except perhaps Salaj the classical stages generally are separated tanense Zone, and faunas are preserved as (1980), has suggested abandoning the clas- from adjacent strata by breaks of various du- phosphatic replacements of moderate-sized sically defined boundaries, such as they are, rations. The type Albian in the Aube district specimens. In North Africa, the lowest Ce- in favor of ones defined by planktonic mi- is a composite of seven partially overlapping nomanian is characterized as the Hypotur- crofossils. Benthonic taxa, other than Inoc- sections that expose part of what is now in- rilites schneegansi Zone, and ammonites are eramus (Kauffman, 1977), generally are re- cluded in the Albian, but none of them in- preserved as pyritic internal molds of juve- garded as too facies dependent to use for cludes either the lower or upper boundary of niles. Apparently contemporaneous beds in chronostratigraphic interpretations (but see the stage as currently understood (Ame´dro, Texas yield Graysonites, but beds with Ple- Kauffmann, 1975, for a strongly dissenting 1992, p. 190–191). sioturrilites brazoensis lie below Graysonites view). In any case, no one has constructed a In the case of the base of the Cenoman- and above characteristic Albian strata with comprehensive biostratigraphic subdivision ian, the type sequence near Le Mans Mortoniceras (Young, 1986), and the faunas of the Albian-Cenomanian boundary inter- (Sarthe) rests unconformably on Jurassic are preserved as internal molds of mature val based on benthonic megafossils. rocks or on glauconitic sands correlated with specimens. Recent work in the central Tu- The English paleontologists Hancock, the upper Albian (Juignet, 1980, his Figs. 2 nisian Atlas Mountains (Robaszynski et al., Kennedy, and Wright and their continental and 3). The area is obviously not appropri- 1993, 1994) has documented a more com- colleagues Ame´dro, Juignet, and Robaszyn- ate for a boundary stratotype, although pletesuccessionacrosstheAlbian-Cenoman- ski have made considerable progress unrav- some upper Albian strata are present in this ian boundary with the presence of the clas- eling the stratigraphy of the Albian–Ceno- sequence. The exposures are inadequate sical ammonite faunas above and below (see manian type regions in France and the (Robaszynski, 1984), the early Cenomanian discussion of North Africa below), and this taxonomy of the ammonites. Work in North transgressive deposits of the southwestern section presently holds the greatest promise Africa by Robaszynski, Ame´dro, and their Paris Basin are not of the right facies, and as a stratotype, as it is both complete and colleagues is directed towards proposing a the ammonite sequence is not complete characterized by a phosphatic preservation stratotype in the area south of El Kef, Tu- enough to correlate these rocks directly with of the ammonites that permits comparison nisia (Robaszynski et al., 1993, 1994).
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