ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS and CHEMOTHERAPY Volume 29 January 1986 No

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY Volume 29 January 1986 No. 1

CHEMISTRY: BIOSYNTHESIS Production of New Hybrid Antibiotics, Mederrhodins A and B, by a Genetically Engineered Strain. Satoshi Omura, Haruo Ikeda, Francisco Malpartida, Helen M. Kieser, and David A. Hopwood .13-19 Hydrophobic Polyoxins Are Resistant to Intracellular Degradation in Candida al- bicans. Herbert A. Smith, Ponniah Shenbagamurthi, Fred Naider, Bijoy Kundu, and Jeffrey M. Becker .33-39 MECHANISMS OF ACTION: PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Effects of Norfloxacin on DNA Metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Doris M. Benbrook and Robert V. Miller .1-6 Conversion of 5-Fluorocytosine to 5-Fluorouracil by Human Intestinal Microflora. Barry E. Harris, Bradford W. Manning, Thomas W. Federle, and Robert B. Diasio .44-48 An Influenza Virus Inhibitor That Acts Late in the Replication Cycle. Guido Antonelli, Ferdinando Dianzani, Dorian H. Coppenhaver, Samuel Baron, Patrizia Calandra, and Giancarlo Folchitto .49-51 Role of the Cell Membrane in pH-Dependent Fluoride Inhibition of Glucose Up- take by Streptococcus mutans. Greg R. Germaine and Lois M. Tellefson 58-61 Contrasts between Phagocyte Antibiotic Uptake and Subsequent Intracellular Bac- tericidal Activity. W. Lee Hand and Neva L. King-Thompson.135-140 Streptomycin Accumulation by Bacillus subtilis Requires both a Membrane Poten- tial and Cytochrome aa3. Amy S. Arrow and Harry W. Taber .141-146 Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Optically Active Ofloxacin. Isao Hayakawa, Shohgo Atarashi, Shuichi Yokohama, Masazumi Imamura, Katsu-Ichi Sakano, and Minoru Furukawa .163-164 Acyclic Guanosine Analogs as Substrates for Varicella-Zoster Virus Thymidine Kinase. A. R. Karlstrom, C. F. R. Kallander, G. Abele, and A. Larsson 171-174 MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE Emergence of Trimethoprim Resistance in Relation to Drug Consumption in a Finnish Hospital from 1971 through 1984. Pentti Huovinen, Leena Pulkkinen, Hanna-Leena Helin, Maarit Makila, and Paavo Toivanen.73-76 Expression of Methicillin Resistance in Heterogeneous Strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Barry J. Hartman and Alexander Tomasz .85-92 Characterization of NPS-1, a Novel Plasmid-Mediated ,-Lactamase, from Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates. David M. Livermore and Clive S. Jones 99-103 Synergistic Effects of Dicloxacillin or Clavulanic Acid in Combination with Peni- cillin G or Cephalothin against Yersinia enterocolitica. Maria Jimenez- Valera, Alfonso Ruiz-Bravo, and Alberto Ramos-Cormenzana.104-106 Mechanism of Resistance to Silver Ions in Klebsielia pneumoniae. Parjit Kaur and D. V. Vadehra .165-167 Continued on following page Continued from preceding page SUSCEPTIBILITY In Vitro Evaluation of A-56619 and A-56620, Two New Quinolones. Arthur L. Barry, Clyde Thornsberry, and Ronald N. Jones ...... 40-43 Effects of Selenazofurin and Ribavirin and Their 5'-Triphosphates on Replicative Functions of Influenza A and B Viruses. Susan K. Wray, Roberts H. A. Smith, Brian E. Gilbert, and Vernon Knight ...... 67-72 Antistaphylococcal Activity of Ceforanide and Cefonicid in the Presence of Human Serum. A. L. Barry, R. N. Jones, and R. R. Packer ...... 147-149 Effect of NaCI Supplementation of Mueller-Hinton Broth on Susceptibility of Staphylococci to Aminoglycosides. Joseph M. Campos, Charles J. Gill, Roberta S. Hare, and George H. Miller ...... 152-154 Antibacterial Activity of Ro 17-2301 and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Ce- fotaxime-Resistant Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli. Constance A. Benson, Frances E. Walton, and Gordon M. Trenholme ...... 155-157 Comparative In Vitro Activities of Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid and Imipenem against Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Community Hospitals. Ellie J. C. Goldstein and Diane M. Citron ...... 158-160 Effect of Moxalactam on Human Fecal Microflora. Yoshimi Benno, Nobue Shiragami, Kiyohisa Uchida, Tadashi Yoshida, and Tomotari Mitsuoka 175-178 In Vitro Activity of Antibiotics Alone and in Combination against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Ram Yogev, Deborah Shulman, Stanford T. Shulman, and Walter G. Glogowski ...... 179-181 In Vitro Susceptibility of Brucella melitensis to New Cephalosporins Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. Elia Palenque, Joaqufn R. Otero, and Antonio R. Noriega ...... 182-183 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES A Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Quantitate Acyclovir and BW B759U in Human Plasma and Urine. Sarva M. Tadepalli, Richard P. Quinn, and Devron R. Averett ...... 93-98 EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Activity of 1-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-,-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil against Simi- an Varicella Virus Infections in African Green Monkeys. Kenneth F. Soike, Connie Cantrell, and Peter J. Gerone ...... 20-25 Oral Efficacy of WIN 51711 in Mice Infected with Human Poliovirus. Mark A. McKinlay and Bernard A. Steinberg ...... 30-32 Activities of 1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-j8-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and Its Metabolites against Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Cell Culture and in Mice Infected Intracerebrally with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. Raymond F. Schinazi, Jack J. Fox, Kyoichi A. Watanabe, and Andre J. Nahmias ...... 77-84 Comparative Activities of UK-49,858 and Amphotericin B against Blastomyces dermatitidis Infections in Mice. Caron A. Lyman, Alan M. Sugar, and Richard D. Diamond ...... 161-162 CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS Imipenem-Cilastatin in the Treatment of Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Re- sistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Wiley Fan, Ramon del Busto, Melinda Love, Norman Markowitz, Cathleen Cendrowski, Julio Cardenas, Edward Quinn, and Louis Saravolatz ...... 26-29 Continued on following page Continuedfrom preceding page

Clinical Evaluation of Teicoplanin for Therapy of Severe Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Y. Glupczynski, H. Lagast, P. Van Der Auwera, J. P. Thys, F. Crokaert, E. Yourassowsky, F. Meunier-Carpentier, J. Klastersky, J. P. Kains, E. Serruys-Schoutens, and J. C. Legrand ...... 52-57 Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Versus Cefaclor in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Effects on the Urogenital and Rectal Flora. Abdollah Iravani and George A. Richard ...... 107-111 Randomized Evaluation of Ceftazidime or Ticarcillin and Tobramycin for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli. Thomas G. Sheftel and Jon T. Mader...... 112-115 Preliminary Trial of Recombinant Fibroblast Interferon in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Mark Eisenberg, Sue Rosno, Gabriel Garcia, Michael W. Konrad, Peter B. Gregory, William S. Robinson, and Thomas C. Merigan 122-126 Successful Treatment of a Pancreatic Nocardia asteroides Abscess with Amikacin and Surgical Drainage. Beat Meier, Urs Metzger, Franco Muller, Walter Siegenthaler, and Ruedi Luthy ...... 150-151 PHARMACOLOGY Influence of Endotoxin on the Intrarenal Distribution of Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, and Cephalothin. Michel G. Bergeron and Yves Bergeron ...... 7-12 Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of Ciprofloxacin after Sequential Increasing Oral Doses. Teresa A. Tartaglione, Anita C. Raffalovich, Wesley J. Poynor, Ana Espinel-Ingroff, and Thomas M. Kerkering ...... 62-66 Pharmacokinetics of Carumonam in Patients with Renal Insufficiency. Fritz Horber, Hermann-Josef Egger, Erhard Weidekamm, Urs C. Dubach, Felix J. Frey, Peter J. Probst, and Klaus Stoeckel ...... 116-121 Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Carumonam and Aztreonam in Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, and Cynomolgus Monkeys. Yasuo Kita, Takeshi Fugono, and Akira Imada ...... 127-134 Effect of Low-Dose Dopamine on the Pharmacokinetics of Tobramycin in Dogs. M. Gray Kirby, Joseph F. Dasta, Deborah K. Armstrong, and Richard Tallman, Jr...... 168-170 ERRA TUM In Vitro Efficacy of Sulbactam Combined with Ampicillin against Anaerobic Bac- teria. Hannah M. Wexler, Betty Harris, Walker T. Carter, and Sydney M. Finegold ...... 184

Date of Issue: 8 January 1986