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Camptothecin Derivatives Camptothecin-Derivate Dérivés De La Camptothécine
(19) TZZ ¥_ _T (11) EP 2 443 125 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C07D 491/14 (2006.01) C07D 491/22 (2006.01) 26.11.2014 Bulletin 2014/48 A61P 35/00 (2006.01) A61K 31/4741 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 10790151.4 (86) International application number: PCT/US2010/038890 (22) Date of filing: 16.06.2010 (87) International publication number: WO 2010/148138 (23.12.2010 Gazette 2010/51) (54) CAMPTOTHECIN DERIVATIVES CAMPTOTHECIN-DERIVATE DÉRIVÉS DE LA CAMPTOTHÉCINE (84) Designated Contracting States: • CAO: "Preparationof 14- nitrocamptothecin...", J. AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB CHEM.SOC., PERKIN TRANS. 1, vol. 21, 1996, GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO pages 2629-2632, XP002684965, PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR • CHENG KEJUN ET AL: "14-azacamptothecin: a potent water-soluble topoisomerase I poison.", (30) Priority: 17.06.2009 US 218043 P JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL 16.04.2010 US 325223 P SOCIETY 26 JAN 2005 LNKD- PUBMED: 15656613, vol. 127, no. 3, 26 January 2005 (43) Date of publication of application: (2005-01-26), pages838-839, XP002684966, ISSN: 25.04.2012 Bulletin 2012/17 0002-7863 • VADWAI VIRAL ET AL: "Insilico analysis of (73) Proprietor: Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc. homocamptothecin (hCPT) analogues for anti- Redwood City, California 94063 (US) tumour activity", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOINFORMATICS RESEARCH AND (72) Inventors: APPLICATIONS, INDERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, • CAI, Xiaohong BUCKS, GB, vol. -
Evaluation of Floxuridine Oligonucleotide Conjugates Carrying Potential Enhancers of Cellular Uptake
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Evaluation of Floxuridine Oligonucleotide Conjugates Carrying Potential Enhancers of Cellular Uptake Anna Aviñó 1,2,*, Anna Clua 1,2 , Maria José Bleda 1 , Ramon Eritja 1,2,* and Carme Fàbrega 1,2 1 Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (M.J.B.); [email protected] (C.F.) 2 Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (R.E.); Tel.: +34-934-006-100 (A.A.) Abstract: Conjugation of small molecules such as lipids or receptor ligands to anti-cancer drugs has been used to improve their pharmacological properties. In this work, we studied the biological effects of several small-molecule enhancers into a short oligonucleotide made of five floxuridine units. Specifically, we studied adding cholesterol, palmitic acid, polyethyleneglycol (PEG 1000), folic acid and triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) as potential enhancers of cellular uptake. As expected, all these molecules increased the internalization efficiency with different degrees depending on the cell line. The conjugates showed antiproliferative activity due to their metabolic activation by nuclease degradation generating floxuridine monophosphate. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays showed an increase in the anti-cancer activity of the conjugates related to the floxuridine oligomer, but this effect did not correlate with the internalization results. Palmitic and folic acid conjugates provide the highest antiproliferative activity without having the highest internalization Citation: Aviñó, A.; Clua, A.; Bleda, results. -
Polymer-Drug Conjugate, a Potential Therapeutic to Combat Breast and Lung Cancer
pharmaceutics Review Polymer-Drug Conjugate, a Potential Therapeutic to Combat Breast and Lung Cancer Sibusiso Alven, Xhamla Nqoro , Buhle Buyana and Blessing A. Aderibigbe * Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (X.N.); [email protected] (B.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 November 2019; Accepted: 30 December 2019; Published: 29 April 2020 Abstract: Cancer is a chronic disease that is responsible for the high death rate, globally. The administration of anticancer drugs is one crucial approach that is employed for the treatment of cancer, although its therapeutic status is not presently satisfactory. The anticancer drugs are limited pharmacologically, resulting from the serious side effects, which could be life-threatening. Polymer drug conjugates, nano-based drug delivery systems can be utilized to protect normal body tissues from the adverse side effects of anticancer drugs and also to overcome drug resistance. They transport therapeutic agents to the target cell/tissue. This review article is based on the therapeutic outcomes of polymer-drug conjugates against breast and lung cancer. Keywords: breast cancer; lung cancer; chemotherapy; polymer-based carriers; polymer-drug conjugates 1. Introduction Cancer is a chronic disease that leads to great mortality around the world and cancer cases are rising continuously [1]. It is the second cause of death worldwide, followed by cardiovascular diseases [2]. It is characterized by an abnormal uncontrolled proliferation of any type of cells in the human body [3]. It is caused by external factors, such as smoking, infectious organisms, pollution, and radiation; it is also caused by internal factors, such as immune conditions, hormones, and genetic mutation [3]. -
Recent Advances in Arsenic Trioxide Encapsulated Nanoparticles As Drug Delivery Agents to Solid Cancers
Available online at www.jbr-pub.org Open Access at PubMed Central The Journal of Biomedical Research, 2017 31(3): 177–188 Review Article Recent advances in arsenic trioxide encapsulated nanoparticles as drug delivery agents to solid cancers Anam Akhtar, Scarlet Xiaoyan Wang, Lucy Ghali, Celia Bell, Xuesong Wen✉ Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK. Abstract Since arsenic trioxide was first approved as the front line therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia 25 years ago, its anti-cancer properties for various malignancies have been under intense investigation. However, the clinical successes of arsenic trioxide in treating hematological cancers have not been translated to solid cancers. This is due to arsenic's rapid clearance by the body's immune system before reaching the tumor site. Several attempts have henceforth been made to increase its bioavailability toward solid cancers without increasing its dosage albeit without much success. This review summarizes the past and current utilization of arsenic trioxide in the medical field with primary focus on the implementation of nanotechnology for arsenic trioxide delivery to solid cancer cells. Different approaches that have been employed to increase arsenic's efficacy, specificity and bioavailability to solid cancer cells were evaluated and compared. The potential of combining different approaches or tailoring delivery vehicles to target specific types of solid cancers according to individual cancer characteristics and arsenic chemistry is proposed and discussed. Keywords: arsenic trioxide, solid cancer, nanotechnology, drug delivery, liposome Introduction Despite being the mainstay of materia medica since the past 2,400 years, ATO faced an escalating decline in Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid found as a its use as a therapeutic agent in the twentieth century [1] trace element in the earth's crust . -
Prodrugs: a Challenge for the Drug Development
PharmacologicalReports Copyright©2013 2013,65,1–14 byInstituteofPharmacology ISSN1734-1140 PolishAcademyofSciences Drugsneedtobedesignedwithdeliveryinmind TakeruHiguchi [70] Review Prodrugs:A challengeforthedrugdevelopment JolantaB.Zawilska1,2,JakubWojcieszak2,AgnieszkaB.Olejniczak1 1 InstituteofMedicalBiology,PolishAcademyofSciences,Lodowa106,PL93-232£ódŸ,Poland 2 DepartmentofPharmacodynamics,MedicalUniversityofLodz,Muszyñskiego1,PL90-151£ódŸ,Poland Correspondence: JolantaB.Zawilska,e-mail:[email protected] Abstract: It is estimated that about 10% of the drugs approved worldwide can be classified as prodrugs. Prodrugs, which have no or poor bio- logical activity, are chemically modified versions of a pharmacologically active agent, which must undergo transformation in vivo to release the active drug. They are designed in order to improve the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and/or pharmacokinetic properties of pharmacologically potent compounds. This article describes the basic functional groups that are amenable to prodrug design, and highlights the major applications of the prodrug strategy, including the ability to improve oral absorption and aqueous solubility, increase lipophilicity, enhance active transport, as well as achieve site-selective delivery. Special emphasis is given to the role of the prodrug concept in the design of new anticancer therapies, including antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) andgene-directedenzymeprodrugtherapy(GDEPT). Keywords: prodrugs,drugs’ metabolism,blood-brainbarrier,ADEPT,GDEPT -
Synergistic Combination Chemotherapy of Camptothecin and Floxuridine Through Self Assembly of Amphiphilic Drug Drug Conjugate
Synergistic Combination Chemotherapy of Camptothecin and Floxuridine through Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Drug-Drug Conjugate Minxi Hu, Ping Huang, Yao Wang, Yue Su, Linzhu Zhou, Xinyuan Zhu,* and Deyue Yan* School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China * Correspondence to: [email protected]; [email protected]. Fax: +86-21-54741297 Table of Contents Supplementary Figures 1 Figure S1: H NMR spectra of CPT and CPT-COOH in DMSO-d6. Figure S2: FTIR spectra of CPT, FUDR, and CPT-FUDR conjugate. Figure S3: (A) UV/Vis spectra of CPT, FUDR and CPT-FUDR conjugate in acetonitrile. (B) Fluorescence emission spectra of CPT (λ ex = 360 nm, λ em = 430 nm) and CPT-FUDR conjugate (λ ex = 360 nm, λ em = 426 nm) in DMSO. Figure S4: The UV absorbance of DPH in an aqueous solution of CPT-FUDR nanoparticles with various concentrations. The CAC value of CPT-FUDR nanoparticles is about 15 µM. Figure S5: Influence of storage on (A) diameter (the diameter measured in Day 1 was set as control, and the data are presented as ratios to the control) and (B) PDI of CPT-FUDR nanoparticles with the extension of time in water. Figure S6: (A)Total ion chromatography (TIC) of CPT and CPT-FUDR . (B, C) Extracted ion chromatography (EIC) of CPT-FUDR (m/z = 693.1835, (M+H +)) and CPT (m/z = 349.1165, (M+H +)). The retention time of CPT-FUDR and CPT is 3.92 and 3.79 min, respectively. -
Utilization of Arsenic Trioxide As a Treatment of Cisplatin-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer PC-9/CDDP and PC-14/CDDP Cells
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 10: 805-809, 2015 Utilization of arsenic trioxide as a treatment of cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer PC-9/CDDP and PC-14/CDDP cells TOSHIHIRO SUZUKI1, KENICHI ISHIBASHI1, ATSUSHI YUMOTO1, KAZUTO NISHIO2 and YUKI OGASAWARA1 1Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204‑8588; 2Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan Received August 26, 2014; Accepted May 20, 2015 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3352 Abstract. Cisplatin is a commonly used drug in combination treatment of various cancers, including lung cancer. Cisplatin chemotherapy. However, various malignant tumors frequently is a commonly used drug for combination chemotherapy (1). acquire resistance to cisplatin. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has Although cisplatin is a potent anticancer drug, various been approved as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment malignant tumors frequently acquire resistance to cisplatin, of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and the combination of limiting the clinical application of this agent (2,3). ATO and cisplatin has been revealed to demonstrate syner- Arsenite is a toxic metalloid that is widely distributed in gistic effects in ovarian and small cell lung cancer cells. Thus, the environment (4). Despite the toxicity, arsenic-containing it was hypothesized that ATO may also be active against compounds have been used in traditional Chinese medicine cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for >2,000 years (5). In addition, arsenic trioxide (ATO) has PC-9/CDDP and PC-14/CDDP cells. The present study been approved in numerous countries for the treatment of also evaluated the effects of ATO on the cisplatin-sensitive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) (6). -
Molecular Delivery of Cytotoxic Agents Via Integrin Activation
cancers Review Molecular Delivery of Cytotoxic Agents via Integrin Activation Martina Cirillo and Daria Giacomini * Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Chemotherapy constituted a cornerstone in cancer treatment, but it suffers from non-selective drug cytotoxicity; an active drug targeting exerted by covalent conjugates between antitumor agents and some integrin ligands should have a more selective antitumor efficacy and could be an effective answer to reduce intolerable side-effects of current therapies. In this review we focused on those cytotoxic agents that were covalently inserted in molecular cargos characterized by specific integrin ligands. It was demonstrated that the integrin recognizing fragments were able to switch on an active and selective targeting against tumor cells. Abstract: Integrins are cell adhesion receptors overexpressed in tumor cells. A direct inhibition of integrins was investigated, but the best inhibitors performed poorly in clinical trials. A gained attention towards these receptors arouse because they could be target for a selective transport of cytotoxic agents. Several active-targeting systems have been developed to use integrins as a selective cell entrance for some antitumor agents. The aim of this review paper is to report on the most recent results on covalent conjugates between integrin ligands and antitumor drugs. Cytotoxic drugs thus conjugated through specific linker to integrin ligands, mainly RGD peptides, demonstrated that the covalent conjugates were more selective against tumor cells and hopefully with fewer side effects than the free drugs. Keywords: integrins; active targeting; molecular delivery; receptor targeting; cancer; selective citotoxycity Citation: Cirillo, M.; Giacomini, D. -
Review Article Cell Cycle Inhibition Without Disruption of Neurogenesis Is a Strategy for Treatment of Aberrant Cell Cycle Diseases: an Update
The Scientific World Journal Volume 2012, Article ID 491737, 13 pages The cientificWorldJOURNAL doi:10.1100/2012/491737 Review Article Cell Cycle Inhibition without Disruption of Neurogenesis Is a Strategy for Treatment of Aberrant Cell Cycle Diseases: An Update Da-Zhi Liu and Bradley P. Ander Department of Neurology and the MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Da-Zhi Liu, [email protected] Received 13 October 2011; Accepted 17 November 2011 Academic Editors: F. Bareyre and B. K. Jin Copyright © 2012 D.-Z. Liu and B. P. Ander. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Since publishing our earlier report describing a strategy for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases by inhibiting the cell cycle and without disrupting neurogenesis (Liu et al. 2010), we now update and extend this strategy to applications in the treatment of cancers as well. Here, we put forth the concept of “aberrant cell cycle diseases” to include both cancer and CNS diseases, the two unrelated disease types on the surface, by focusing on a common mechanism in each aberrant cell cycle reentry. In this paper, we also summarize the pharmacological approaches that interfere with classical cell cycle molecules and mitogenic pathways to block the cell cycle of tumor cells (in treatment of cancer) as well as to block the cell cycle of neurons (in treatment of CNS diseases). Since cell cycle inhibition can also block proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and thus impair brain neurogenesis leading to cognitive deficits, we propose that future strategies aimed at cell cycle inhibition in treatment of aberrant cell cycle diseases (i.e., cancers or CNS diseases) should be designed with consideration of the important side effects on normal neurogenesis and cognition. -
Synergism Between Cisplatin and Topoisomerase I Inhibitors, NB-506 and SN-38, in Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells'
CANCERRESEARCH56,789-793,FebruaryII, 19961 Synergism between Cisplatin and Topoisomerase I Inhibitors, NB-506 and SN-38, in Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells' Minoru Fukuda, Kazuto Nishio, Fumihiko Kanzawa, Hayato Ogasawara, Tomoyuki Ishida, Hitoshi Arioka, Krzysztof Bojanowski, Mikio Oka, and Nagahiro Sai.jo2 Medical Oncology, National (‘ancerCenter Hospital (M. F.. N. £1and Pharmacology Division, National C'ancer Center Research Institute (K. N., F. K., H. 0., T. 1., H. A., K. B., N. S.!, Tsukiji 5J.J Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, and The Second Department ofinternal Medicine. Nagasaki University School ofMedicine, Nagasaki, (M. F., M. 0.], Japan ABSTRACT among potent topoisomerase inhibitors and its cytotoxic mechanisms are not the same as those of CPT derivatives (6). Consequently, Topolsomerase I-targeting anticancer agents such as 7-ethyl-lO-[4-(l- NB-506 is considered an interesting anticancer agent, and single pipendyl)-1-pipendyljcarbonyloxy-eamptothecin (CPT-11) and 6-N- dosing schedule Phase I studies of NB-506 are now conducted in formylamlno-12,13-dihydro-1,11-dihydroxy-13-(fi-D-glucopyranosyl)-5H- indolo[2@-a]pyr@lo[3,4-c]carbazole-5,7(6H)-dione(NB-506)have been Japan. CDDP is a key agent for cancer chemotherapy, and some developedandshowstrong antitumor activity againstvariouscancers.We combination chemotherapy regimens have been prompted by a ther examinedthe interaction of thesedrugs and cisplatin (CDDP), and bio apeutic synergy between CDDP and etoposide (7—9)or CPT-l 1 chemicalmechanismsofsynergismbetweenthem.Interactionofdrugsin (10—12).CPT-ll is active against various human cancer patients; humansmallcelllungcancercells,SBC-3,wasanalyzedusingtheisobo however, preclinical and clinical studies suggest it behaves as a logram method. -
The Natural Inhibitor of DNA Topoisomerase I, Camptothecin, Modulates HIF-1A Activity by Changing Mir Expression Patterns in Human Cancer Cells
Published OnlineFirst November 19, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0729 Molecular Cancer Cancer Biology and Signal Transduction Therapeutics The Natural Inhibitor of DNA Topoisomerase I, Camptothecin, Modulates HIF-1a Activity by Changing miR Expression Patterns in Human Cancer Cells Davide Bertozzi1, Jessica Marinello1, Stefano G. Manzo1, Francesca Fornari2, Laura Gramantieri2, and Giovanni Capranico1 Abstract DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibition by camptothecin derivatives can impair the hypoxia-induced cell transcriptional response. In the present work, we determined molecular aspects of the mechanism of camptothecin’s effects on hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) activity in human cancer cells. In partic- ular, we provide evidence that low concentrations of camptothecin, without interfering with HIF-1a mRNA levels, can reduce HIF-1a proteinexpressionandactivity.Asluciferase assays demonstrated the involvement of the HIF-1a mRNA 30 untranslated region in camptothecin-induced impairment of HIF-1a protein regulation, we performed microarray analysis to identify camptothecin-induced modification of microRNAs (miRNA) targeting HIF-1a mRNA under hypoxic-mimetic conditions. The selected miRNAs were then further analyzed, demonstrating a role for miR-17-5p and miR-155 in HIF-1a protein expression after camptothecin treatments. The present findings establish miRNAs as key factors in a molecular pathway connecting Top1 inhibition and human HIF-1a protein regulation and activity, widening the biologic and molecular activity of camptothecin derivatives and the perspective for novel clinical inter- ventions. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(1); 239–48. Ó2013 AACR. Introduction Interestingly, the response to hypoxia can be effectively Hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)isatranscription modulated by three DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) poisons factor that acts as the main regulator of the cellular (topotecan, camtothecin-20-ester(S), and 9-glycineamido- response to low oxygen tension. -
Belotecan and Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy for Previously Untreated Extensive-Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer
J Lung Cancer 2010;9(1):15-19 Belotecan and Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy for Previously Untreated Extensive-Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer Ⓡ Purpose: Belotecan (Camtobell ; Chong Keun Dang Co., Seoul, Korea) is a Jeong Eun Lee, M.D.1, 2 new camptothecin analog that inhibits topoisomerase I. We evaluated the efficacy Kye Young Lee, M.D. , 1 and toxicity of belotecan combined with cisplatin in patients with previously Hee Sun Park, M.D. , Sung Soo Jung, M.D.1, untreated extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) and who were Ju Ock Kim, M.D.1 and without evidence of brain metastases. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients Sun Young Kim, M.D.1 with previously untreated ED-SCLC were treated with belotecan (0.5 mg/m2/day) on days 1∼4 and with cisplatin (60 mg/m2/day) on day 1 of a 3-week cycle. Department of Internal Medicine, 1Chungnam National University Hos- Results: Of the 19 assessable patients, 16 had an objective tumor response, pital & Cancer Research Institute, including two complete responses, for an overall response rate of 84.2%. Toxicity Chungnam National University College was evaluated in all 20 patients who received a total of 106 cycles (median of Medicine, Daejon, 2Konkuk Univer- cycles/patient, 5.5; range, 1∼9). The major grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities were sity School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea neutropenia (67.9% of cycles), anemia (19.8% of cycles) and thrombocytopenia Received: March 15, 2010 (33.9% of cycles). No grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities were observed. No Revised: April 19, 2010 treatment-related deaths occurred.