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Out-Of-School Factors and School Success
Poverty and Potential: Out-of-School Factors and School Success David C. Berliner Regents’ Professor Arizona State University March 2009 The Great Lakes Center for Education Research & Practice PO Box 1263 East Lansing, MI 48826 Phone: (517) 203-2940 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.greatlakescenter.org One of a series of Policy Briefs made possible by funding from the Great Lakes Center for Education Research and Practice. This policy brief was peer reviewed by members of the EPIC/EPRU Editorial Review Board. For information on the board and its members, visit: http://epicpolicy.org/editorial-board. Poverty and Potential: Out-of-School Factors and School Success David C. Berliner Arizona State University Executive Summary The U.S. has set as a national goal the narrowing of the achievement gap between lower income and middle-class students, and that between racial and ethnic groups. This is a key purpose of the No Child Left Behind act, which relies primarily on assessment to promote changes within schools to accomplish that goal. However, out-of-school factors (OSFs) play a powerful role in generating existing achievement gaps, and if these factors are not attended to with equal vigor, our national aspirations will be thwarted. This brief details six OSFs common among the poor that significantly affect the health and learning opportunities of children, and accordingly limit what schools can accomplish on their own: (1) low birth-weight and non-genetic prenatal influences on children; (2) inadequate medical, dental, and vision care, often a result of inadequate or no medical insurance; (3) food insecurity; (4) environmental pollutants; (5) family relations and family stress; and (6) neighborhood characteristics. -
Canada's Privacy Body to Look Into Facebook 'Like' Button 22 September 2010
Canada's privacy body to look into Facebook 'Like' button 22 September 2010 Facebook has since rolled out changes whereby users must grant consent to access and use their data. Stoddart applauded Facebook's new privacy settings. "We're also pleased that Facebook has developed simplified privacy settings and has implemented a tool that allows users to apply a privacy setting to each photo or comment they post," she said. "Overall, Facebook has implemented the changes it promised following our investigation," she said. Mark Zuckerberg, chief executive officer of Facebook, is seen here in May 2010 outlining Facebook's new privacy control methods. Canada's privacy commissioner said "It has been a long road in arriving at this point," Wednesday that Facebook has addressed her concerns she said. "These changes are the result of but she was opening a new probe of the sharing of the extensive and often intense discussions with social networking site's "Like" button with other websites. Facebook." However, she added, further complaints that deal with the appearance of Facebook's "Like" button on Canada's privacy commissioner said Wednesday partner websites, which were not part of her original that Facebook has addressed her concerns but investigation, have prompted a new examination. she was opening a new probe of the sharing of the social networking site's "Like" button with other "We are now examining those," she said. websites. Facebook has partnered with a number of websites "Facebook has made several privacy to show visitors to those sites what products, news improvements that will benefit its users around the stories or other online content their Facebook globe," Privacy Commissioner Jennifer Stoddart friends "Like" there. -
Social Influence in Social Advertising: Evidence from Field Experiments
Social Influence in Social Advertising: Evidence from Field Experiments EYTAN BAKSHYy, Facebook DEAN ECKLESy, Stanford University & Facebook RONG YAN, Facebook ITAMAR ROSENN, Facebook Social advertising uses information about consumers’ peers, including peer affiliations with a brand, prod- uct, organization, etc., to target ads and contextualize their display. This approach can increase ad efficacy for two main reasons: peers’ affiliations reflect unobserved consumer characteristics, which are correlated along the social network; and the inclusion of social cues (i.e., peers’ association with a brand) alongside ads affect responses via social influence processes. For these reasons, responses may be increased when multiple social signals are presented with ads, and when ads are affiliated with peers who are strong, rather than weak, ties. We conduct two very large field experiments that identify the effect of social cues on consumer responses to ads, measured in terms of ad clicks and the formation of connections with the advertised entity. In the first experiment, we randomize the number of social cues present in word-of-mouth advertising, and measure how responses increase as a function of the number of cues. The second experiment examines the effect of augmenting traditional ad units with a minimal social cue (i.e., displaying a peer’s affiliation below an ad in light grey text). On average, this cue causes significant increases in ad performance. Using a measurement of tie strength based on the total amount of communication between subjects and their peers, we show that these influence effects are greatest for strong ties. Our work has implications for ad optimization, user interface design, and central questions in social science research. -
Návrh a Implementace Rozšíření Do Systému Phabricator
Masarykova univerzita Fakulta informatiky Návrh a implementace rozšíření do systému Phabricator Diplomová práce Lukáš Jagoš Brno, podzim 2019 Masarykova univerzita Fakulta informatiky Návrh a implementace rozšíření do systému Phabricator Diplomová práce Lukáš Jagoš Brno, podzim 2019 Na tomto místě se v tištěné práci nachází oficiální podepsané zadání práce a prohlášení autora školního díla. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že tato diplomová práce je mým původním autorským dílem, které jsem vypracoval samostatně. Všechny zdroje, prameny a literaturu, které jsem při vypracování používal nebo z nich čerpal, v práci řádně cituji s uvedením úplného odkazu na příslušný zdroj. Lukáš Jagoš Vedoucí práce: Martin Komenda i Poděkování Srdečně chci na tomto místě poděkovat vedoucímu mé diplomové práce RNDr. Martinu Komendovi, Ph.D. za cenné náměty a odborné vedení. Dále chci poděkovat Mgr. Matěji Karolyi za všestrannou po- moc při implementaci praktické části práce a Ing. Mgr. Janu Krejčímu za zpřístupnění testovacího serveru a technickou podporu. iii Shrnutí Diplomová práce se zabývá nástroji pro projektové řízení. V teore- tické části jsou vymezeny pojmy projekt a projektové řízení. Poté jsou představeny vybrané softwarové nástroje pro projektové řízení a je provedeno jejich srovnání. Pozornost je zaměřena na systém Phabrica- tor, který je v práci detailně popsán. V praktické části je navrženo rozšíření Phabricatoru na základě analýzy potřeb a sběru požadavků. Výsledkem je rozšířující modul po- skytující přehledné informace o úkolech z pohledu času a náročnosti, čímž zefektivní jejich plánování a proces týmové spolupráce. iv Klíčová slova projektové řízení, Phabricator, PHP, reportovací modul, SCRUM v Obsah 1 Projektové řízení 3 1.1 Projekt a projektové řízení ..................3 1.2 SW nástroje pro projektové řízení ...............4 1.3 Přehled nástrojů z oblasti řízení projektů ...........6 1.3.1 Phabricator . -
Early Life Influences on Emotional Reactivity
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 34 (2010) 808–820 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev Review Early life influences on emotional reactivity: Evidence that social enrichment has greater effects than handling on anxiety-like behaviors, neuroendocrine responses to stress and central BDNF levels Francesca Cirulli a,∗, Alessandra Berry a, Luca Tommaso Bonsignore a, Francesca Capone a, Ivana D’Andrea a, Luigi Aloe b, Igor Branchi a, Enrico Alleva a a Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161, Rome, Italy b Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy article info abstract Keywords: During the early post-natal phases the brain is experience-seeking and provided by a considerable plas- Handling ticity which allows a fine tuning between the external environment and the developing organism. Since Communal rearing the early work of Seymour Levine, an impressive amount of research has clearly shown that stressful Corticosterone experiences exert powerful effects on the brain and body development. These effects can last throughout Behavior the entire life span influencing brain function and increasing the risk for depression and anxiety disor- Ultrasonic vocalizations Depression ders. The mechanisms underlying the effects of early stress on the developing organism have been widely Anxiety studied in rodents through experimental -
Deliverable D4.3: Navigation Demonstrator
TERESA - 611153 - FP7/2013-2016 Deliverable D4.3: Navigation Demonstrator Project Acronym: TERESA Project Full Title: Telepresence Reinforcement-Learning Social Agent Grant Agreement no. 611153 Due date: M36: November 2016 Delivery: November 30, 2016 Lead partner: UPO Dissemination level: Public Status: Submitted Version: v2.0 DOCUMENT INFO Date and Version Number Author Comments 01.11.2016 v0.1 Luis Merino Scheme 10.11.2016 v0.2 Noe Perez Macro actions and social nav- igation 14.11.2016 v0.3 Rafael Ramon Approach people section 22.11.2016 v0.4 Jesus Capitan Walking side by side section 25.11.2016 v1.0 UPO team First draft 28.11.2016 v1.1 Joao Messias Revision 30.11.2016 v2.0 UPO team Submitted Contents 1 Contributors . .7 2 Executive summary . .8 3 TERESA human-aware navigation stack . .9 3.1 Introduction . .9 3.2 Robot sensors for navigation . 10 3.3 The navigation stack architecture . 11 3.3.1 Behavior manager . 12 3.3.2 Architecture of navigation behaviors . 13 4 Social waypoint navigation . 16 4.1 Introduction . 16 4.2 Path planning . 16 4.3 Low-level control . 17 4.4 Learning social navigation . 17 4.4.1 Learning a RRT* cost function . 18 4.4.2 Features for social navigation . 21 4.4.3 Experimental results . 23 4.5 Navigation evaluation . 25 4.5.1 Benchmarking according to ERL-SR . 25 4.5.2 Social evaluation . 27 5 Yield........................................... 31 6 Approaching people . 33 6.1 Introduction . 33 6.2 GMMs for interaction modeling . 34 6.3 The reproduction planner . -
Understanding Individuals' Attachment to Social Networking Sites
Understanding Individuals’ Attachment to Social Networking Sites: An Empirical Investigation of Three Theories by Eric T. K. Lim M.Sc. (Information Systems), National University of Singapore, 2007 B.Comm. (Hons.), Nanyang Technological University, 2003 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Segal Graduate School Beedie School of Business Eric T. K. Lim 2013 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2013 Approval Name: Eric T. K. Lim Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Business Administration) Title of Thesis: Understanding Individuals’ Attachment to Social Networking Sites: An Empirical Investigation of Three Theories Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Tom Lawrence Professor, Academic Director, PhD Program Dr. Dianne Cyr Senior Supervisor Professor Dr. Andrew Gemino Co-Supervisor Professor Dr. Leyland Pitt Internal Examiner Professor Dr. Matthew Lee External Examiner Chair Professor Department of Information Systems College of Business City University of Hong Kong Date Defended/Approved: March 27, 2013 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Ethics Statement iv Abstract Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are a pervasive phenomenon in today’s society. With greater connectivity and interactivity enabled via web technologies, SNSs provide communication platforms for individuals to bridge geographical and temporal differences when making friends, sharing experiences, socializing with others and much more. This thesis therefore endeavors to shed light on this problem by decomposing members’ motives for participating within SNSs into identity-based, bond-based and comparison- based attachments. Each of these forms of attachment in turn affects members’ cooperative and competitive mentality towards participation within SNSs. In addition, it is further posited in this thesis that members’ identity-based, bond-based and comparison- based attachment within SNSs can be induced through the presence of deindividuation, personalization and tournament technologies respectively. -
The Role of Migration in the Reproduction of Social Advantage
Belgeo Revue belge de géographie 4 | 2010 International student mobility and migration in Europe Failing to succeed ? The role of migration in the reproduction of social advantage amongst young graduates in Hong Kong Le rôle des migrations dans la reproduction des avantages sociaux chez les jeunes diplômés à Hong Kong Johanna L. Waters Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/6419 DOI: 10.4000/belgeo.6419 ISSN: 2294-9135 Publisher: National Committee of Geography of Belgium, Société Royale Belge de Géographie Printed version Date of publication: 31 December 2010 Number of pages: 383-393 ISSN: 1377-2368 Electronic reference Johanna L. Waters, “Failing to succeed ? The role of migration in the reproduction of social advantage amongst young graduates in Hong Kong”, Belgeo [Online], 4 | 2010, Online since 15 December 2012, connection on 11 February 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/6419 ; DOI: https:// doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.6419 This text was automatically generated on 11 February 2021. Belgeo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Failing to succeed ? The role of migration in the reproduction of social adva... 1 Failing to succeed ? The role of migration in the reproduction of social advantage amongst young graduates in Hong Kong Le rôle des migrations dans la reproduction des avantages sociaux chez les jeunes diplômés à Hong Kong Johanna L. Waters Introduction “Employers generally prefer graduates who have international experience.” (British Council, 2009, Guide to UK qualifications in Hong Kong, p. 6) 1 Migrants’ personal narratives are very often marked, in one way or another, by failure. -
How Do People Display Social Networks in Everyday Life (That Is, Not Online)? Give 2 Concrete, Specific Examples
How do people display social networks in everyday life (that is, not online)? Give 2 concrete, specific examples. Why do they do this? Looking at this display as a signal, what is the quality it is inferring? What are the costs of making this signal? The benefits? Is there a cost to the receiver if it is not honest? One way people display social networks to others is by dropping names. For example, someone could say “I was talking to Alex Rodriguez the other day…” In these cases, signaling this information is meant to either attach oneself to a respected other or signal importance outright. While there are few costs associated with the actual creation of such a signal, the benefits normally involve an elevated level of respect (“Wow, Bob must be cool if he knows A-Rod!”). If the signal is discovered to be false, however, there could be severe social repercussions ranging from a public ridiculing to ostracism. From the receiver’s point of view, they may stand to be taken advantage of by the deceptive signaler in the form of underserved respect that may be abused by the signaler. Another display situation is when individuals use their social connections to help their friends. If someone gets their friend a job at their company they are displaying their social connections both to their friend and employer. Not only does this have the benefit of helping a friend, but it increases their standing with their employer, especially if the friend turns out to be a good employee. This action requires some amount of social capital, since the recommender is effectively extending their reputation to encompass their friend, and this reputation could be severely harmed if the friend does not work out as an employee. -
How Apps on Android Share Data with Facebook (Even If You Don’T Have a Facebook Account)
How Apps on Android Share Data with Facebook (even if you don’t have a Facebook account) December 2018 How Apps on Android Share Data with Facebook Privacy International is a UK-registered charity (1147471) that promotes the right to privacy at an international level. It is solely responsible for the research and investigation underpinning its reports. 2 How Apps on Android Share Data with Facebook Executive Summary Previous research has shown how 42.55 percent of free apps on the Google Play store could share data with Facebook, making Facebook the second most prevalent third-party tracker after Google’s parent company Alphabet.1 In this report, Privacy International illustrates what this data sharing looks like in practice, particularly for people who do not have a Facebook account. This question of whether Facebook gathers information about users who are not signed in or do not have an account was raised in the aftermath of the Cambridge Analytica scandal by lawmakers in hearings in the United States and in Europe.2 Discussions, as well as previous fines by Data Protection Authorities about the tracking of non-users, however, often focus on the tracking that happens on websites.3 Much less is known about the data that the company receives from apps. For these reasons, in this report we raise questions about transparency and use of app data that we consider timely and important. Facebook routinely tracks users, non-users and logged-out users outside its platform through Facebook Business Tools. App developers share data with Facebook through the Facebook Software Development Kit (SDK), a set of software development tools that help developers build apps for a specific operating system. -
Privatliv På Facebook Videresalg Af Personlige Oplysninger Via Cookies
06-06-2014 Privatliv på Facebook Videresalg af personlige oplysninger via cookies Christian Schjødt Hays Thøgersen – 52469 Jasmin Fanny Isabelle Jensen – 53169 Filip Valentin Holde – 52191 Gruppe 7 Hus 6.2 Vejleder: Stig Børsen 9.247 Ord Christian Schjødt Hays Thøgersen – 52469 Gruppe 7 Jasmin Fanny Isabelle Jensen – 53169 Hus 6.2 Filip Valentin Holde – 52191 Vejleder Stig Børsen Indholdsfortegnelse Indhold Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Indledning .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Motivation ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Afgrænsning: ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Semesterbinding ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Problemformulering .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Metode ............................................................................................................................................................. -
How Likes and Followers Affect Users Perception and Leadership
University of Southern Maine USM Digital Commons All Theses & Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2019 Facebook: How Likes and Followers Affect Users Perception and Leadership Troy Johnston MA University of Southern Maine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Johnston, Troy MA, "Facebook: How Likes and Followers Affect Users Perception and Leadership" (2019). All Theses & Dissertations. 339. https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/etd/339 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at USM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of USM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: FACEBOOK: PERCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP Facebook: How Likes and Followers Affect Users Perception of Leadership By Troy Johnston A QUALITATIVE STUDY Presented to Dr. Sharon Timberlake in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master’s in Leadership Studies Major: Master’s in Leadership Studies Class: LOS689 Master’s Capstone II Under the Supervision of Dr. Sharon Timberlake University of Southern Maine May 10, 2018 FACEBOOK: PERCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank a number of individuals who helped me successfully complete both this research and my master’s degree. There were a number of professors who challenged and guided me, they were an inspiration and their kindness gave me the encouragement to work hard and stay on task. Dr. Dan Jenkins and Dr. Elizabeth Goryunova gave were always available and were model professors that offered me quality examples to emulate.