National Status and Trends Program Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Year 3 - Southern Puget Sound July 2002 Blaine Point Nooksack Roberts River N 0 10 20 kilometers Strait of Georgia Bellingham Orcas Island San Juan Island Skagit River Lopez Anacortes Island Mount Vernon Strait of Juan De Fuca Skagit Bay Stillaguamish River S a r a t o g a Port P Townsend a s s a ge Whidbey Island Everett Possession Sound Olympic Snohomish Skykomish P River River Peninsula u g e t S o u n d Snoqualmie River Lake Washington Seattle Hood Canal Bremerton Duwamish Cedar River Waterway Green River Shelton Tacoma Puyallup River Olympia Nisqually River U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adm. Washington State Department of Ecology National Ocean Service Environmental Assessment Program National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Environmental Monitoring and Ctr. for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment Trends Section Silver Spring, Maryland Olympia, Washington NOAA Technical Memorandum Publication No. 02-03-033 NOS NCCOS CCMA NO. 153 Technical Memo No. 153 This report is available on the Department of Ecology home page on the World Wide Web at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0203033.html For additional copies of this publication, please contact: Department of Ecology Publications Distributions Office P. O. Box 47600 Olympia, Washington 98504-7600 Phone (360) 407-7472 Refer to Publication Number 02-03-033 General information and all data generated during this survey can be accessed from Ecology’s Marine Sediment Monitoring website: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_sed/msm_intr.html and the Sediment Quality Information System (SEDQUAL) website: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/tcp/smu/sedqualfirst.html The Department of Ecology is an equal opportunity agency and does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, disability, age, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, disabled veteran's status, Vietnam Era veteran's status, or sexual orientation. If you have special accommodation needs or require this document in alternative format, please contact the Environmental Assessment Program, Michelle Ideker at (360)-407-6677 (voice). Ecology's telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) number at Ecology Headquarters is (360) 407-6006. Notice This report has been reviewed by the National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and approved for publication. Such approval does not signify that the contents of this report necessarily represent the official position of NOAA or of the Government of the United States, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use. Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Year 3 - Southern Puget Sound July 2002 by Edward R. Long, Margaret Dutch, Sandra Aasen, and Kathy Welch Washington State Department of Ecology Jawed Hameedi National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Stuart Magoon Manchester Environmental Laboratory Washington State Department of Ecology R. Scott Carr, Tom Johnson, and James Biedenbach U.S. Geological Survey K. John Scott and Cornelia Mueller Science Applications International Corporation Jack W. Anderson Columbia Analytical Services Waterbody Numbers WA-10-0010 WA-15-0110 WA-10-0030 WA-15-0120 WA-13-0010 WA-15-0130 WA-13-0020 WA-17-0010 WA-14-0010 WA-PS-0070 WA-14-0020 WA-PS-0090 WA-14-0050 WA-PS-0100 WA-14-0110 WA-PS-0250 WA-14-0130 WA-PS-0270 WA-15-0060 WA-PS-0290 WA-15-0080 WA-PS-0300 Table of Contents List of Appendices ..........................................................................................................................V List of Figures..............................................................................................................................VII List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ XI Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................XV Abstract..................................................................................................................................... XVII Executive Summary................................................................................................................... XIX Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................XXV Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 Project Background....................................................................................................................1 Site Description..........................................................................................................................1 Toxicant-Related Research in Puget Sound...............................................................................2 The Sediment Quality Information System (SEDQUAL) Database .......................................6 Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................................6 Methods ...........................................................................................................................................9 Sampling Design........................................................................................................................9 Sample Collection....................................................................................................................10 Laboratory Analyses ................................................................................................................11 Toxicity Testing.....................................................................................................................11 Amphipod Survival - Solid Phase......................................................................................11 Sea Urchin Fertilization - Pore Water................................................................................13 Microbial Bioluminescence (Microtox) - Organic Solvent Extract...............................14 Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochrome P450) Response - Organic Solvent Extract16 Chemical Analyses.................................................................................................................17 Grain Size ..........................................................................................................................18 Total Organic Carbon (TOC).............................................................................................18 Metals.................................................................................................................................18 Mercury..............................................................................................................................18 Butyl Tins ..........................................................................................................................19 Base/Neutral/Acid (BNA) Organic Chemicals..................................................................19 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) (extended list).............................................19 Chlorinated Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Aroclors ............................19 PCB Congeners..................................................................................................................19 Benthic Community Analyses ...............................................................................................19 Sample Processing and Sorting..........................................................................................19 Taxonomic Identification...................................................................................................20 Data Summary, Display, and Statistical Analysis ...................................................................20 Toxicity Testing.....................................................................................................................20 Amphipod Survival – Solid Phase .....................................................................................20 Sea Urchin Fertilization - Pore Water................................................................................20 Microbial Bioluminescence (Microtox) - Organic Solvent Extract...............................21 Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochrome P450) Response - Organic Solvent Extract21 Page I Incidence and Severity, Spatial Patterns and Gradients, and Spatial Extent of Sediment Toxicity..............................................................................................................................22 Concordance Among Toxicity Tests .................................................................................22 Chemical Analyses.................................................................................................................22 Spatial Patterns and Spatial Extent of Sediment Contamination.......................................22 Chemistry/Toxicity Relationships .........................................................................................23 Benthic Community Analyses ...............................................................................................24 Benthic Community/Chemistry and Benthic Community/Toxicity Analyses.......................24