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The Contribution of Imam Ad-Darimi to the Development of Hadith Science

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The Contribution of Imam Ad-Darimi to the Development of Hadith Science The Light of Islam Volume 2020 Issue 2 Article 15 2020 THE CONTRIBUTION OF IMAM AD-DARIMI TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HADITH SCIENCE Mahfuza Alimova INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC ACADEMY OF UZBEKISTAN, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/iiau Part of the Islamic Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Alimova, Mahfuza (2020) "THE CONTRIBUTION OF IMAM AD-DARIMI TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HADITH SCIENCE," The Light of Islam: Vol. 2020 : Iss. 2 , Article 15. Available at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/iiau/vol2020/iss2/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by 2030 Uzbekistan Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Light of Islam by an authorized editor of 2030 Uzbekistan Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Қуръоншунослик ва ҳадисшунослик Thе Light of Islam, 2-сон 2020 йил Mahfuza ALI MOVA, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC ACADEMY ОF UZBEKISTAN, doctor of philosophy PhD, docent of the department religious study and UNESCO in the comparative study of world religions. [email protected] 11, A.Кadiri, Tashkent, 100011, Uzbekistan. THE CONTRIBUTION OF IMAM AD- DARIMI TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HADITH SCIENCE ИМОМ АД-ДОРИМИЙНИНГ ҲАДИС ИЛМИ РИВОЖИГА ҚЎШГАН ҲИССАСИ ВКЛАД ИМАМА АД-ДАРИМИ В РАЗВИТИЕ ХАДИСОВЕДЕНИЯ Keywords: Maverannahr, IX century, Imam ad-Darimi, “Sunan”, hadith, ilm al-hadith, ilm al-fiqh, muhaddis, isnad (the chain of transmitters), transmitter, sulasiyyat. Таянч сўзлар: Мовароуннаҳр, IX аср, Имом ад- Доримий, “Сунан”, ҳадис, илм ал-ҳадис, илм ал-фиқҳ, муҳаддис, иснод, ровий, сулосиййот. Ключевые слова: Мавераннахр, IX век, Имам ад- Дарими, “Сунан”, хадис, илм ал-хадис, илм ал-фикх, мухаддис, цеп передатчиков, рави, суласиййат. In the 9th century, Samarkand became one of the scientific centers not only in Mаverannahr but also in the whole Islamic world. Scientists from different countries came in search of knowledge in the region. Some of the scholars returned to their homeland, while others settled in the city and established their schools. Consequently, Samarqand’s scientists’ honor had been strengthened, and the urban scientific environment of the region developed. In the spiritual life of the city, the hadiths played a major role, and many well-known scholars came out. Among the Samarkand scholars, who lived during this period, Imam Darimi had a special place. The full name of the scholar is Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdu-r-Rahman ibn Fadhl ibn Bahram ibn Abdu-s- Samad at-Tamimi as-Samarqandi ad-Darimi, who was born in 798 C.E.(181 A.H.). In the same year, the great muhaddith Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak had died. The sources say that because of this historical event, Imam Darimi was named “Abdullah” [adh-Dhahabiy, 173]. As his grandfather scholar, Darim ibn Malik ibn Hanzala ibn Zaid was one of the secretaries of the Banu Tamim tribe and one of the scribes of the Prophet (peace be 109 Thе Light of Islam, 2-сон 2020 йил Қуръоншунослик ва ҳадисшунослик The purpose of the work is to show the contribution of Imam ad-Darimi to the development of the science of hadith based on an analysis of its scientific heritage. The article comprehensively explores the life and scientific heritage of the 9th-century muhaddis Imam ad-Darimi from Samarqand reveals his place in the development of ilm al-hadith. A source study of his only surviving work “Sunan” was also carried out, his role and significance in the development of the science of hadiths of the 9th century were determined. Practical significance: the study gives reason to classify Imam ad-Darimi among the leading muhaddis of Maverannahr and Khorasan of the 9th century, which had a significant impact on the development of ilm al-hadith. The work of ad- Darimi “Sunan” is one of the important collections of authentic hadiths. A study of the scientific heritage of al-Darimi in the field of ilm al-hadith revealed another of his works, al-Sulasiyyat, consisting of 15 hadiths, which was included in his main work, Sunan. Ишнинг мақсади – Имом ад-Доримийнинг илмий-маънавий меросини таҳлил этиб, унинг ҳадис илми риво- жига қўшган ҳиссасини кўрсатишдан иборат. Мақолада алломанинг “Сунан” асари манбашунослик нуқтаи наза- ридан тадқиқ қилиниб, унинг IX аср ҳадис илми ривожидаги ўрни ва аҳамияти ёритилган. Мақолада IX асрда Мовароуннаҳр ва Хуросондан етишиб чиққан буюк муҳаддислар қаторида Имом ад-До- римий ҳам саҳиҳ ҳадисларни саралаш, асарлар яратиш бўйича ислом оламида етакчи ўринни эгаллагани таҳлил қилинга. Шунингдек, унинг ҳадис илми борасидаги илмий мероси атрофлича ёритилиб, “Сунан” асари таркиби- га киритилган 15 та уч ровийли ҳадислардан ташкил топган “ас-Сулосиййот” асарига доир маълумотлар тадқиқ этилган. Цель работы – показать вклад Имама ад-Дарими в развитие науки о хадисах на основе анализа его научного наследия. В статье комплексно исследованы жизнь и научное наследие самаркандского мухаддиса IX века Имамм ад-Да- рими, выявлено его место в развитии илм ал-хадис. Также проведено источниковедческое исследование его един- ственного дошедшего до нас произведения «Сунан», определены его роль и значение в развитии науки о хадисах IX века. Практическая значимость: проведенное исследование дает основание отнести Имама ад-Дарими к числу ве- дущих мухаддисов Мавераннахра и Хорасана IX века, оказавшего значительное влияние на развитие илм ал-ха- дис. Произведение ад-Дарими «Сунан» является одним из важных сборников достоверных хадисов. Изучение научного наследия ад-Дарими в области илм ал-хадис позволило выявить еще одно его произведение «ас-Сула- сиййат», состоящие из 15 хадисов, которое было включено в его основной труд «Сунан». upon him), the name Darimi was added to his name In particular, the scholar’s uncle Abu Usama Ahmad ibn [al-Baghdadi, 2006:19]. Mu’awiyah and his nephew (brother’s son) Abu Ahmad Additionally, some call Imam Darimi as “Darami”. Fazl ibn Muhammad Darimi also narrated the hadith As Abu Tahirkhadja mentioned about Imam Darimi in [Sam’oniy A., 2003:156]. his work called “Samariya”-“... He is one of the hadith Imam Darimi received his primary education in his narrators. In the village of Spanish that belongs to hometown Samarqand. Then he expanded his knowledge Shavdar district. He came from Samarkand province in the field of religious and secular sciences, especially and was known as Dorami because he was from a village Hadith knowledge, among well-known scholars in called Doram ... not enough information is known about Fustat (Cairo), Damascus, Baghdad, Mecca, Madina, him…”. Here Abu Tahirkhoja associated the origin of and various cities of Khorasan which were considered the scholar’s name with the name of the place called as centers of science and culture of that time. During “Doram.” [Abu Tahirhoja, 1991:54]. this period, the muhaddiths took reliable narrations to From an early age, Imam Darimi amazed everyone pass on the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) with his mental capacity, sharp intellect, and especially in its original form to the next generation and collected with the extreme strength of his ability to remember. it in its purest form, free from any falsifications [Uvatov Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mansur Shirazi described U., 2002:5]. him: “Imam Darimi was a great mufassir. He was Imam Darimi also examines the narration of mature in intellect, understanding, bounty, and religion. the hadith, carefully studying the way of life of each His memorizing skills, steadfastness, perseverance, narrator, his lineage, his faith, his adherence to Islam, asceticism features were respected and honored” justice, level of intellect, and many other qualities. While the sources do not refer to the family of Imam Imam Darimi accepts the text of the hadith only when Darimi, it is possible to know that he was the father its meaning does not contradict the Quran, and when of Muhammad by his kunya “Abu Muhammad”. The it is compared to other similar narrations (if it is not relatives and friends of the scientist were also scholars. confirmed the hadith of other stronger narrator was 110 Қуръоншунослик ва ҳадисшунослик Thе Light of Islam, 2-сон 2020 йил selected), it becomes acceptable only after it has been qand fi zikri ‘ulama’i Samarqand” gives the following convinced of the accuracy of the text. information concerning the fact that in the last years Imam Darimi was one of the scholars who spent of his life he was offered the position of Chief Judge most of his life traveling in search of knowledge. and was sent a certificate of sign: “…in any case, he is During his travels, he not only listened to and collected invited by the governor to the post of (the main) chief the hadiths but also paid great attention to some aspects judge of Samarqand, as he acts with intelligence, deep like the continuity of the chain of transmission and the thinking and reflection. The scholar initially refused small number of narrators in them. The scholar began the suggestion, but after the governor insisted on his his scientific journey from the cities of Khorasan. In opinion, he agreed. However, after only one case was particular, he listened to many hadiths and learned heard in the court, he asked to be relieved of his post. the science of hadith from the famous hafiz Nazr ibn His request was granted and he resigned, and the sign Shumayl (d. 203/818) in Marv [Sezgin F., 1967]. of Judge (Kitab ul-Qaza) sent the from Caliph Mu’tazz Then, Imam Darimi acquired knowledge from some Billah. Imam Dorimi’s boundless love for knowledge prominent scholars in the cities of Iraq. Specifically, and his realization that the position of Chief Judge of in his seventeen and eighteen’s, he listened to various the city required great responsibility led him to reject it narrators, such as Ravh ibn Aslam from in the city of [Nasafi N., 1991:172].
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